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Results for “Medical Informatics Computing”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

bioTk:componentry for genome informatics graphical user interfaces.

bioTk is a collection of graphical "widgets" and utilities that support application programming in the domain of bioinformatics. It is intended to establish a framework that encourages the development of communicating window-based applications and flexible, non-modal user interaction. The current release of bioTk has domain-specific widgets for chromosome ideogram displays, genome maps, and scrolling sequence windows.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving knowledge navigation with adaptive hypermedia.

Web applications provide access to a tremendous amount of information: hypertext, hypermedia and on-line databases. However, since users' knowledge, motivation and goals are different, they cannot find the relevant information in the data being diffused. Giving the users applications or environments that will take their differences into account is one way of improving their access to knowledge. The authors' objective is to improve knowledge navigation by adapting users' navigation. Adaptive hypermedia is one way of returning information adapted to the user. This paper presents an adaptive hypermedia system based on user representation with the stereotype model. Both adaptive presentation and navigation techniques are also implemented. This paper focuses on the architecture of the general adaptive hypermedia system as well as adaptivity management. A-TOP, a medical adaptive hypermedia prototype implemented in a hospital intranet system, is described. Adaptive hypermedia is a preliminary approach to the vast problem of user access to knowledge. In conclusion, we hope to extend our reflections to the problems involved in access to knowledge on the World Wide Web (Web).

Computer Graphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The decision systems group: creating a framework for decision making.

The Decision Systems Group is pursuing a vision in which every available medical resource can be brought together at the point of need. The DSG focuses on the components and tools in specific areas as well as on the models, approaches, and infrastructure that make this type of integration possible. Its academic mission is to train individuals with dual expertise: those who understand and appreciate the issues involved in developing and validating a method or technique, plus the issues of deployment, operation, and interaction in practical environments. Ultimately, the application of this vision can only serve to enhance the current level of healthcare.

Boston↗
PubMed1997

Advances in three-dimensional treatment planning and conformal dose delivery.

Radiation therapy treatment planning and delivery capabilities have changed dramatically over the past decade and are in the process of changing even more dramatically over the next few years. Three-dimensional radiation treatment planning systems, once the purview of university research groups, are now commercially available and are rapidly being implemented in clinics around the world. These developments have prompted medical accelerator manufacturers to use advanced computer technology to produce treatment delivery systems capable of precise shaping of dose distributions via computer-controlled multileaf collimators (MLC). The latest development exploits the use of fields in which the beam intensity is varied optimally within the portal boundary and is referred to it as intensity modulated radiation therapy. This approach is capable of generating extremely conformal dose distributions including concave isodose volumes that provide specific avoidance of sensitive normal structures within complex treatment geometries. These new capabilities change the kinds of treatments that are possible, and that changes the process with which treatment planning and treatment delivery are performed. These technological advances show significant potential for improving both the quality of radiation therapy and/or improving the efficiency with which radiation therapy can be planned and delivered.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Education review: applied medical informatics--informatics in medical education.

The importance of informatics training within a health sciences program is well recognized and is being implemented on an increasing scale. At Chicago Medical School (CMS), the Informatics program incorporates information technology at every stage of medical education. First-year students are offered an elective in computer topics that concentrate on basic computer literacy. Second-year students learn information management such as entry and information retrieval skills. For example, during the Introduction to Clinical Medicine course, the student is exposed to the Intelligent Medical Record-Entry (IMR-E), allowing the student to enter and organize information gathered from patient encounters. In the third year, students in the Internal Medicine rotation at Norwalk Hospital use Macintosh power books to enter and manage their patients. Patient data gathered by the student are stored in a local server in Norwalk Hospital. In the final year, we teach students the role of informatics in clinical decision making. The present senior class at CMS has been exposed to the power of medical informatics tools for several years. The use of these informatics tools at the point of care is stressed.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1999

AnatomyBrowser: A novel approach to visualization and integration of medical information.

In this article, we present a novel technique for visualization of three-dimensional (3D) surface models, as well as its implementation in a system called AnatomyBrowser. Using our approach, visualization of 3D surface models is performed in two separate steps: a pre-rendering step, in which the models are rendered and saved in a special format, and an actual display step, in which the final result of rendering is generated using information from the prerendering step. Whereas prerendering requires high-end graphics hardware, the final image generation and display can be implemented efficiently in software. Moreover, our current implementation of AnatomyBrowser interface uses the Java programming language and can therefore be readily run on a wide range of systems, including low-end computers with no special graphics hardware. In addition to visualization of 3D models and 2D slices, AnatomyBrowser provides a rich set of annotation and cross-referencing capabilities. We demonstrate several possible applications for AnatomyBrowser, including interactive anatomy atlases, surgery planning, and assistance in segmentation.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2005

Customization in a unified framework for summarizing medical literature.

OBJECTIVE: We present the summarization system in the PErsonalized Retrieval and Summarization of Images, Video and Language (PERSIVAL) medical digital library. Although we discuss the context of our summarization research within the PERSIVAL platform, the primary focus of this article is on strategies to define and generate customized summaries. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Our summarizer employs a unified user model to create a tailored summary of relevant documents for either a physician or lay person. The approach takes advantage of regularities in medical literature text structure and content to fulfill identified user needs. RESULTS: The resulting summaries combine both machine-generated text and extracted text that comes from multiple input documents. Customization includes both group-based modeling for two classes of users, physician and lay person, and individually driven models based on a patient record. CONCLUSIONS: Our research shows that customization is feasible in a medical digital library.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2000

Education and training in the MEDICOM system.

MEDICOM system is a world wide telematics application for electronic commerce of medical devices. It has been designed so as to provide the health care professionals with a central Internet access to up-to-date information about medical equipment from multiple manufacturers, in a particular easy and friendly way. Moreover, the Medicom system will serve the health care professionals' requirements for high-quality information about specific products in a form of multimedia presentations and that of a secure communication channel with the community of manufacturers, especially for post marketing surveillance. The system will provide the medical staff (physicians and technicians) with demonstrations of the operation procedures and the functioning of high-tech equipment in a form of virtual models. Moreover, through the medicom system the end users of medical devices can have access to on line libraries and participate in special newsgroups. This paper discusses the architectural structure of the MEDICOM system with emphasis to its educational and training functionality.

Commerce↗
PubMed2000

Retooling practitioners in the information age.

For "retooling" one needs two components: new hardware and new skills. "Hardware" in the Medical Informatics environment includes not only hardware in a narrow definition, but operating and application software, network services, security services etc. Since the sixties, Medical Informatics has slowly moved from fighting computer hardware to fighting the complexity of application software and its installation. Thus the hardware part in the retooling process has changed but did not decrease in importance. Retooling medical professionals also means retraining of professionals--often a major investment. Regarding the necessary skills, we have to adapt existing medical curricula and continuous medical education (CME). So far, these have not successfully been adjusted to the retooling needs. The international community has to address these matters, specifically in the context of medical curriculum and CME.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A multiagent architecture for developing medical information retrieval agents.

Information that is available on the world wide web (WWW) is already more vast than can be comprehensibly studied by individuals and this quantity is increasing at a staggering pace. The quality of service delivered by physicians is dependent on the availability of current information. The agent paradigm offers a means for enabling physicians to filter information and retrieve only information that is relevant to current patient treatments. As with many specialized domains, agent-based information retrieval in medical domains must satisfy several domain-dependent constraints. A multiple agent architecture is developed and described in detail to efficiently provide agent-based information retrieval from the WWW and other explicit information resources. A simulation of the proposed multiple agent architecture shows a 97% decrease in information overload and an 85% increase in information relevancy over existing meta-search tools (with even larger gains over standard search engines).

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2004

Sharing neuroimaging studies of human cognition.

After more than a decade of collecting large neuroimaging datasets, neuroscientists are now working to archive these studies in publicly accessible databases. In particular, the fMRI Data Center (fMRIDC), a high-performance computing center managed by computer and brain scientists, seeks to catalogue and openly disseminate the data from published fMRI studies to the community. This repository enables experimental validation and allows researchers to combine and examine patterns of brain activity beyond that of any single study. As with some biological databases, early scientific, technical and sociological concerns hindered initial acceptance of the fMRIDC. However, with the continued growth of this and other neuroscience archives, researchers are recognizing the potential of such resources for identifying new knowledge about cognitive and neural activity. Thus, the field of neuroimaging is following the lead of biology and chemistry, mining its accumulating body of knowledge and moving toward a 'discovery science' of brain function.

Brain↗
PubMed2000

An end-to-end secure patient information access card system.

The rapid development of the Internet and the increasing interest in Internet-based solutions has promoted the idea of creating Internet-based health information applications. This will force a change in the role of IC cards in healthcare card systems from a data carrier to an access key medium. At the Medical Informatics Department of Kyoto University Hospital we are developing a smart card patient information project where patient databases are accessed via the Internet. Strong end-to-end data encryption is performed via Secure Socket Layers, transparent to transmit patient information. The smart card is playing the crucial role of access key to the database: user authentication is performed internally without ever revealing the actual key. For easy acceptance by healthcare professionals, the user interface is integrated as a plug-in for two familiar Web browsers, Netscape Navigator and MS Internet Explorer.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2001

Exploring presentation methods for tomographic medical image viewing.

This paper explores the presentation of tomographic medical images on a computer screen. Limitations of the computer screen are apparent, as even a very large computer monitor cannot display an entire study consisting of dozens of images at once. Our objective is to propose filmless computer presentation methods for these images, in particular for magnetic resonance images. First, we observe the magnetic resonance image analysis task in the traditional light screen environment where presentation of many images has always been possible. We then propose solutions for meeting requirements in the computer environment. After implementation of these solutions we obtain user feedback on alternatives in order to determine feasibility and preference. Observations reveal three requirement categories: user control of film management, navigation of images and image series, and simultaneous availability of detail and context. We developed a framework of detail-in-context-technique parameters for the purpose of viewing tomographic medical images and presented our solution directions to the radiologists for feedback. Results from the user feedback study support the feasibility of the proposed approaches and clearly indicate the importance of presentation issues in the development of medical imaging viewing systems.

Equipment Design↗