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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Anorectal manometry in premature infants.

Twenty-eight unselected premature infants were subjected to anorectal pressure studies, using an infusion manometric technique, with a view to establishing normal parameters in this age group. Satisfactory rectal and sphincter pressure readings were obtained in all but one case. In all of these there was a normal anorectal reflex. Low birth weight and prematurity do no preclude a normal anorectal reflex as measured by this technique.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1983

Anorectal manometry: experience with strain gauge pressure transducers for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

An esophageal pressure transducer with three strain gauges was used in the anal canal to study the rectosphincteric reflex (RSR) in five infants and children with intestinal obstruction, 142 children age one day to 18 years with moderate to severe constipation and in 18 healthy control children 4 to 12 years of age. The RSR was present in the four newborns with intestinal obstruction in 133 of the constipated children, and in all healthy controls. The mean (+/- SD) minimal volume of air in the rectal balloon required to produce RSR greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg (RSRT) was 9 mL (+/- 2) for infants 0 to 2 years, 14 mL (+/- 4) for children 2 to 4 years, 15 mL (+/- 6) for children 4 to 12 years, and 14 mL (+/- 6) for children 12 to 18 years of age. The RSRT for control children was 13 mL (+/- 4). The volume of air used in rectal balloon distension correlated with the amplitude of the RSR for control (r = 0.7131) and constipated children (r = 0.6289). The amplitudes of the RSR for the controls were significantly higher than the amplitudes for constipated children for rectal distension volumes between 60 and 15 cc (p less than 0.01). The 10 children with absent RSR had Hirschsprung's disease confirmed at surgery. Measurements of RSR could be used to separate patients with chronic constipation from patients with Hirschsprung's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fundoplication and pediatric esophageal manometry: actuarial analysis over 7 years.

Sixty-one children and infants who had significant gastroesophageal reflux and associated complications underwent 73 surgical procedures to control the reflux. In order to evaluate the procedure, several esophageal manograms were obtained from each patient, before, during, and after the operation. Delayed follow-up reports were also obtained from follow-up visits, letter and telephone contact, in order to assess how the patient had progressed. The results were evaluated by actuarial analytic methods. Ninety-four percent of the patients remained alive over the 7-year follow-up period. At the completion of the seventh year, 62% of these patients (actuarially calculated) remained event free. All events occurred within 18 months of surgery. One patient could not be traced at long-term follow-up, which was therefore 92% complete. The 7-year actuarial probability of failure of the fundoplication at this institution is 24% when performed using this technique in these patients. These findings support that manometric calibration of the antireflux procedure tends to give uniform results in pediatric patients, but, compared with other published series has not proved to be superior to procedures that employ only a rubber bougie in the esophagus as an obdurator to prevent a repair that will be too tight.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic anorectal functional studies. Manometry, sphincter electromyography, and defecography.

Anorectal manometric and electromyographic studies assess anorectal and pelvic floor neuromuscular disorders and can help in the diagnosis and management of incontinence, prolapse, megarectum, and other functional anorectal disorders. These studies can assess preoperative and postoperative anorectal function and help in the differential diagnosis of anorectal disorders, and thus they assist the surgeon in carrying out rational therapy.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1983

Fine-needle intrarenal manometry: a new test for rejection in cyclosporin-treated recipients of kidney transplants.

Intrarenal pressure was measured in kidney-transplant recipients in an attempt to differentiate between graft rejection and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity. Intrarenal pressure was measured directly through a fine needle inserted into the kidney and connected to a manometer. Blood cyclosporin levels were monitored regularly, and renal biopsy specimens were obtained whenever renal function deteriorated. 32 recipients of renal allografts were studied 1 to 270 days after transplantation. 129 pressure readings were obtained during normal renal function, rejection, nephrotoxicity, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Rejection but not toxicity or ATN caused a highly significant rise in intrarenal pressure. No complications were encountered apart from transient haematuria in 1 patient. This simple test may therefore be of value in monitoring renal-transplant patients who are receiving cyclosporin.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biliary manometry versus clinical trial: value as predictors of success after treatment of biliary tract strictures.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biliary manometric-perfusion test (BMPT) and clinical trial as predictors of long-term success after percutaneous and surgical treatment of biliary tract strictures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After percutaneous intervention or surgical repair of extrahepatic bile duct strictures, 43 patients underwent long-term biliary intubation (mean, 13 months) with 61 internal-external stents. Before removal of the stents, all 43 patients underwent a BMPT (n = 65) and 24 underwent a 2-3-week clinical trial (n = 27) with stents positioned above the treated region. Patients were followed up 1-46 months (mean, 16 months) after stent removal, with clinical outcome determined by means of physical examination, biochemical evaluation, chart review, and telephone interview. RESULTS: With logistic regression analysis, the BMPT and clinical trial were shown to have equal predictive value in determining treatment success or failure. Eighty-four percent of the clinical outcomes were correctly predicted with BMPT, versus 88% for the clinical trial. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated the probability of remaining stricture free at 1 year after passing a BMPT and after passing a clinical trial to be 90% and 86% (P = .55), respectively. CONCLUSION: BMPT and clinical trial have similar capabilities in the prediction of long-term patency after treatment of benign biliary tract strictures, but the BMPT is less costly and time consuming for the patient.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗