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PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-based patient monitoring systems. Use in research and clinical practice.

The use of new technologies, such as computers, in the management of diabetes has changed dramatically over the past decade. The development of the memory-based reflectance meter, telephone modems for the transmission of self-monitored blood glucose, and computer programs to aggregate and analyze data have significantly altered approaches to diabetes care. The clinical application of these systems is just now being evaluated. Initial data suggest that these systems enhance treatment, improve patient performance, assist in collection and representation of accurate and reliable data, and may be associated with improved metabolic control.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2001

Improving the description of the retinal vasculature and patient history taking for monitoring systemic hypertension.

Systemic hypertension is an important public health concern. If optometrists are to perform a more active role in the detection and monitoring of high blood pressure (BP), there is a need to improve the consistency of describing the retinal vasculature and to assess patient's ability to correctly report the diagnosis of hypertension, its control and medication. One hundred and one patients aged > 40 years were dilated and had fundus photography performed. BP was measured and a self-reported history of general health and current medication was compared with the records of their general practitioner (GP). The status of the retinal vasculature was quantified using a numeric scale by five clinicians and this was compared to the same evaluation performed with the aid of a basic pictorial grading scale. Image analysis was used to objectively measure the artery-to-vein (A/V) ratio and arterial reflex. Arteriolar tortuosity and calibre changes were found to be the most sensitive retinal signs of high BP. Using the grading scale to describe the retinal vasculature significantly improved inter- and intra-observer repeatability. Almost half the patients examined were on medication for high BP or cardiovascular disease. Patients' ability to give their complete medical history was poor, as was their ability to recall what medication they had been prescribed. GPs indicated it was useful to receive details of their patient's BP when it was > 140/90 mmHg. The use of improved description of the retinal vasculature and stronger links between optometrists and GPs may enhance future patient care.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Stimulatory action of gamma-aminobutyric acid on catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells measured by a real-time monitoring system.

The present study was designed to evaluate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the secretory function of cultured chromaffin cells using the method of real-time monitoring. GABA evoked the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from adrenal chromaffin cells in a dose-dependent manner. Bicuculline 10(-5) M inhibited the stimulatory action of GABA. Diazepam 5 X 10(-6) and 2.5 X 10(-5) M facilitated the secretory response evoked by 7 X 10(-5) M GABA by 22% and 96%, respectively, which was antagonized by Ro 15-1788. This finding suggests that GABA-benzodiazepine receptor coupling can function in the secretion of CA from the adrenal chromaffin cells in a manner similar to that observed in the brain. GABA-evoked release of CA was reduced by 1 microM nifedipine to 16% of control, suggesting the involvement of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in the mechanisms of the CA-releasing action of GABA in these cells. From these findings, the involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in the regulation of adrenal medullary function can be proposed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1996

Introduction of a new patient monitoring system during dental procedures: pulse oximetry.

This paper describes three cases of early detection of hypoxia with pulse oximeter during intravenous sedation. In the main study group over 40 patients were monitored by pulse oximetry during large dental operation under i.v.-sedation. Diazepam with soybean oily solvent and midazolam were used as intravenous sedative agents in this study. The first signs of hypoxia were seen by pulse oximetry. In three healthy patients some periods of remarkable hypoxia was detected and those cases are reported in this paper. Two of the patients were treated by a surgical operation and one patient underwent large conservative dental treatment under sedation because of dental care phobia. During the dental treatment period external oxygen was added for all these three patients to avoid more complications as a result of hypoxia. Two of the patients received an injection of benzodiazepine antagonist, too. One patient needed further follow up but non of these patients developed any additional complications. As a conclusion pulse oximetric monitoring was found to be extremely sensitive as a predictor for coming complications as well as allowing early intervention in ventilation problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Introduction of a new patient monitoring system during dental procedures: pulse oximetry.

This paper describes three cases of early detection of hypoxia with pulse oximeter during intravenous sedation. In the main study group over 40 patients were monitored by pulse oximetry during large dental operation under iv-sedation. Diatsepam with soybean oily solvent and midatsolam were used as intravenous sedative agents in this study. The first signs of hypoxia were seen by pulse oximetry. In three healthy patients some periods of remarkable hypoxia was detected and those cases are reported in this paper. Two of the patients were treated by a surgical operation and one patient underwent large conservative dental treatment under sedation because of dental care fobia. During the dental treatment period external oxygen was added for all these three patients to avoid more complications as a result of hypoxia. Two of the patients received an injection of bentsodiatsepine antagonist, too. One patient needed further follow up but non of these patients developed any additional complications. As a conclusion pulse oximetric monitoring was found to be extremely sensitive as a predictor for coming complications as well as allowing early intervention in ventilation problems.

Adult↗