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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The effect of "warm-up" on exercise-induced asthma.

To determine the effect of "warm-up" on exercise-induced asthma (EIA) 18 subjects ( mean age 19.7 years) performed five minutes of submaximal treadmill running to achieve a heart rate (HR) of 85% of predicted maximum for age. One such exercise test was preceded by "warm-up" and one was not. "Warm-up" consisted of three minutes of treadmill walking or jogging to attain 60% of predicted maximun HR for age. An identical incidence (77.8%) and severity (38.1% mean decrease in FEV1) of EIA was recorded after treadmill running whether preceded by "warm-up" or not. While this study does not support the concept that "warm-up" could reduce the likelihood of EIA, it is recommended that a longer, more intense "warm-up" involving interval exercise should be evaluated before rejecting the view that "warm-up" ameliorates EIA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of physical conditioning on cardiorespiratory function, body composition and serum lipids in relatively normal-weight and obese middle-aged women.

The primary purpose was to investigate the effects of a 12-week (4 day/week) physical conditioning program on cardiorespiratory function, body composition, and serum lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride concentration) in sedentary, middle-age women. A secondary purpose was to clarify the influence of excessive body fatness on the conditioning response. Forty-two 29 to 47-year-old premenopausal women volunteered; four were excluded and two dropped out, leaving 36 who completed the study, ie, 23 obese (O) (greater than 30 per cent fatness, mean = 38 per cent) and 13 lean to normal (N) (less than 30 per cent body fatness, mean = 25 per cent). The conditioning program included a 10-minute warm-up, 15 to 25 minutes of walking-jogging at an individually prescribed training heart rate corresponding to 75 per cent of maximal oxygen intake (VO2max) and a five-minute recovery period. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure at a given submaximal work load decreased in both N and O. VO2max increased (P less than 0.001 in both groups. The average increase in O was 15.0 per cent and 18.9 per cent and in N 12.6 per cent and 12.7 per cent when VO2max was expressed inlitre .min-1 and cm3.kg-1.min-1 respectively. HRmax remained unchanged in N, but decreased slightly (P less than 0.01) in O. Body weight remained essentially unchanged in N, yet decreased (P less than 0.001) in O. The sum of ten skinfolds decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in both groups, but with a greater reduction in O. Fatness decreased slightly in N (P less than 0.05) and more in O (P less than 0.001) while fat-free weight remained unchanged in both groups. The conditioning program had no effect on serum lipids in either group. Thus, a physical conditioning program of moderate intensity affected obese and leaner women in a similar fashion.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of serum testosterone before and after an exercise program using physiological and personality variables.

This study investigated the relationships between serum testosterone level and selected physiological and personality variables in 58 males (21-61 years) before and after a four month physical fitness program consisting of jogging, calisthenics, and recreational activities. Physical fitness scores were obtained for each subject using a regression equation. Serum testosterone was determined using a radioimmunoassay technique. The multiple correlation was used to determine the relationship between serum testosterone and 19 independent variables consisting of age, height, and weight, and percent lean body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, ten factors from the Cattell 16 PF and the three scales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. A stepwise linear regression was used to identify the predictive power of each of the independent variables. The subjects improved significantly in physical fitness (p < 0.01). The multiple correlations both at the pre-test (R=0.77; R2=0.59) and post-test (R=0.67; R2=0.46) were significant at the 0.01 level. Neuroticism, factors dealing with emotional stability, aggression, and intelligence were powerful predictors initially. Similar results were obtained at the post-test except for the addition of percent lean as a powerful predictor and the absence of factors dealing with intelligence and aggression. The emergence of percent lean was seen to reflect changes in body composition associated with testosterone secretion. The absence of aggression at the post-test was interpreted in light of free catecholamine excretion associated with habitual exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Anorexia nervosa: the patient, her family and key family therapy interventions.

In a nation in which jogging, diets, and weight consciousness are so prevalent, it is easy to understand why middle class teenage girls want to become or stay thin. It is harder for us all to understand why some of these young women become so emaciated that they may die. We have tried to present information that will enable health care professionals to achieve a broader understanding of the clinical syndrome of anorexia nervosa and the family of the anorexic. Some key family therapy interventions that will enable the family system to become more adaptive to change have been highlighted and explained through the use of actual case material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Characteristics that predicted recurrence of infarction within 3 years in the Ontario Exercise-Heart Collaborative Study.

Data on 13 baseline characteristics of 618 patients who had previously had a myocardial infarction and who had entered the Ontario Exercise-Heart Collaborative Study were analysed for their ability to predict recurrence of infarction within 3 years. These characteristics were age, serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, number of hours of competitive sports per week, number of hours of jogging per week, angina, type of occupation, smoking, cough and phlegm production, personality type and the number of previous infarctions. The characteristics showing independent statistical significance (p less than 0.05) were smoking and blue-collar occupation, with estimated adjusted relative odds of 2.3 and 2.1 respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Distance running and cardiac rehabilitation: physiologic and psychosocial considerations.

Long distance jogging, one of the most effective forms of endurance training, can be shown to bring about beneficial morphologic, biochemical, and vascular changes in the heart, the net effect being improved hemodynamic performance. Peripheral changes also contribute to the development of a more efficient oxygen transport system. In individuals with coronary artery disease, symptoms are reduced, depression alleviated, the plasma lipid profile favorably altered, and the cardiovascular system rendered less susceptible to stress. Whether or not exercise per se improves prognosis in coronary artery disease remains unproved, but in view of the other benefits, and since, properly prescribed and supervised, it has not been shown to be harmful, exercise programs are advocated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

TRH, reverse T3, and leuenkephalin levels and other physiological changes in a male adult during prolonged fasting.

In spite of numerous studies of short-term (less than 30 days) fasts, current knowledge of prolonged fasting, the mechanisms of adaptation, and the causes of death are limited.A healthy 48-year-old man fasted voluntarily, on water only, for 54 days, during which time he offered himself as an experimental subject. Numerous metabolic parameters were measured, and his mental state was evaluated. Those parameters not generally measured in previously published fasts are thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels (TRH), reverse T(3), and leuenkephalin levels.Without experiencing any major difficulties, the subject completed a 20-mile jog and a 60-mile walk eight days after the completion of his water fast, during which time he "weaned" himself on juices and a mixture of vitamins, minerals, and herbs.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1984

Death during recreational exercise in the State of Rhode Island.

From January 1, 1975 to May 1, 1982, 81 individuals died during or immediately after recreational exercise in the State of Rhode Island. Deaths occurred during a variety of activities, but the majority of deaths occurred during golf (23%), jogging (20%), and swimming (11%). Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ASHD) was the presumed cause of 88% of the deaths, primarily in subjects over age 29 with known cardiac abnormalities. Only 7% of ASHD victims had no relevant medical history or ASHD risk factors and were considered healthy by their families and physicians. In contrast, deaths in young subjects were rarely associated with ASHD or prior knowledge of cardiovascular disease. Only six deaths in individuals aged 29 or younger occurred during the study period. These deaths were associated with congenital cardiovascular disease (N = 2), valvular heart disease (N = 1), hemorrhagic gastritis (N = 1), idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy (N = 1), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with ASHD (N = 1). A diagnosis was made before death only in the individual with valvular disease. We conclude that death during recreational exercise is predominantly due to ASHD and occurs in men with recognized ASHD risk factors, relevant medical histories, or known disease. Death during exercise in asymptomatic subjects is rare and relatively more frequent in younger age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Influence of intense endurance training on aerobic power of competitive distance runners.

This study examined the time course of the aerobic response to strenuous training in well-conditioned distance runners when intensity was held fairly constant relative to maximal aerobic power, and the effect of this training on 10-km run time. Seven runners trained 6 d/wk for 6 wk. On 3 d/wk they ran as far as possible in 40 min, with the intention of running a greater distance each run. On alternate days the subjects performed five 5-min rides on a cycle ergometer (CE) separated by 5-min intervals of jogging, with the resistance adjusted to induce peak-CE VO2 during minutes 4 and 5 of each ride. Peak-CE VO2 increased (56.1 to 65.0 ml X min-1 X kg-1, P less than 0.05) in a linear manner (r = 0.95, P less than 0.01) during the first 5 wk. The average weekly increase was 0.11 l X min-1. Unexpectedly, peak-CE VO2 decreased significantly after week six. Treadmill VO2max was not significantly different after training. The mean decrease (P less than 0.05) in 10-km run time was approximately 81 S. These data suggest an adaptation of constant magnitude of the factor(s) which limit peak-CE VO2 when training intensity is maintained relative to improvement. However, this linear response and training intensity may be maintained only on a limited basis without expecting some decline in performance and aerobic power.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1983

The chronic compartment syndrome and response to diuretic treatment.

In five middle-aged men with calf pain during jogging or fast walking, chronic compartment syndrome of the calf or anterior tibial muscles was revealed by circulatory studies which included measurement of compartment tissue pressure. After two to three weeks of diuretic medication the men were re-examined. Initially elevated compartment tissue pressures at rest and after exercise were significantly decreased following diuretic treatment. The study indicates that calf pain similar to that of arterial insufficiency may be caused by compartment syndrome even in elderly persons and may be relieved with diuretic medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental combination chemotherapy with vincristine and carboquone in human ovarian cancer transplanted into nude mice].

The tumor killing effects of combination chemotherapy with vincristine (VCR) and carboquone (CQ) administrated either simultaneously or sequentially with time intervals of up to 36 hours were studied in serially transplantable human ovarian cancer (JOG-1) in nude mice. Using 3H-thymidine pulse labeling, some tumor cell kinetic parameters were estimated as 13.8 hours for Ts and 42.2 hours of Tc, respectively. The induction of partial synchronization after treating with VCR in vivo was confirmed by estimating both the labeling index and the mitotic index. Sequential treatment with VCR followed by CQ at intervals of 24 hours was the most effective anti-tumor schedule in this treatment system. This sequence of drug administration also resulted in either weight loss nor toxic death of the animals during the schedule. These results indicate that the sequential administration of VCR followed by CQ chemotherapy is strongly recommended for clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Low intensity physical conditioning: effects on patients with coronary heart disease.

The effects of 12 weeks of low intensity physical conditioning on serum lipid levels, body composition, and cardiorespiratory function were studied among patients with coronary heart disease. Twenty-three men, 45 to 59 years old, volunteered to participate. Three were excluded for medical reasons, and one voluntarily discontinued exercise. The conditioning program included a 10-minute warmup, 15 to 30 minutes of walking-jogging at an individually prescribed intensity corresponding to 70% to 75% of maximum heart rate (HRmax), and a 5-minute recovery period. The conditioning resulted in a decrease (p less than 0.05) in heart rate and blood pressure during standard submaximal work (200 kg/m/min). Maximal heart rate increased (p less than 0.05) by five beats per minute. Symptom-limited maximal oxygen uptake increased 12.8% (p less than 0.001) when expressed per unit body weight. Body weight remained essentially unchanged (-0.34 kg), while fat-free weight and fat weight increased (+0.68 kg, p less than 0.05) and decreased (-1.02 kg, p less than 0.05), respectively. Serum lipid levels remained unaffected by the conditioning regimen. Low intensity exercise is effective in cardiac reconditioning and should be favored at least during the initial stages of a training regimen in view of the decreased orthopedic problems, added safety, high adherence level and tolerable working rate.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1983

Exercise prescription.

The prescribing of exercise for the patient with ischaemic heart disease demands, for reasons of safety as well as efficacy, precision in specifying not only the mode but also the intensity, duration and frequency of training sessions. A preliminary exercise test is essential, and preferably this should include the collection and analysis of expired gases in order to measure oxygen consumption and estimate anaerobic threshold. Walking, progressing to jogging as the patient becomes fitter, is the most appropriate mode to use since it requires little or no equipment, can be interpreted easily in terms of distance and pace, and requires little or no motor skill. Games and sports, particularly those of a competitive nature, should be added only as the cardiovascular system becomes more conditioned and then at the discretion of the physician.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Contribution to the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni. From asymptomatic excretion by a cow in the cowshed to overt disease in over 500 persons].

An outbreak of C. jejuni enteritis involving participants of a jogging rally is described. Information was obtained by questionnaire about food consumption, incubation period, duration of illness and symptomatology. A drink prepared with raw milk was incriminated as vehicle of the outbreak. More than 500 runners were symptomatic with an attack rate of over 75%. Secondary cases were rare. Using serotyping, milk from a single cow fecally excreting C. jejuni type 2 was suspected to be the outbreak vehicle.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Personal exercise prescription. Cardiac rehabilitation and preventive medicine.

This paper describes a practical programme for the physical and psychological rehabilitation of patients with cardiac disorders. This programme makes possible the prescription of exercise to an accuracy of one metre per minute or two pulse beats per minute. It is inexpensive, portable, requires minimum supervision and has been in use for seven years. The basic principle is to walk or jog in a circle, completing one revolution per minute with the radius of the circle being almost imperceptibly increased as fitness improves. A timing device is incorporated to ensure an absolutely uniform pace for each participant.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Fibular stress fractures in runners.

The incidence of stress fractures of the fibula and tibia is increasing with the growing emphasis on and participation in jogging and aerobic exercise. The diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion on the part of the clinician. A thorough history and physical examination with appropriate x-ray examination and often technetium 99 methylene diphosphonate scan are required for the diagnosis. With the advent of the scan, earlier diagnosis is possible and earlier return to activity is realized. The treatment is complete rest from the precipitating activity and a gradual return only after there is no longer any pain on deep palpation at the fracture site. X-ray findings may persist 4 to 6 months after the initial injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Exercise training in post-myocardial infarction patients: comparison of results with high risk coronary and post-bypass patients.

Measurements were made before and following 3 to 6 months of exercise therapy in 24 patients who had had myocardial infarction (group MI), in 16 patients having positive test and/or multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease (Group CHD), and in 10 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (Group CAB). All patients were men and had a mean age of 51.6 years. Exercise training was conducted 3 times per week for a duration of 20 to 40 minutes per session. Walking and jogging both on a treadmill and a track and stationary cycling were used as training modalities. A paired t test was used to determine significance of differences between pre- and post-treatment results for each group. Percent body fat decreased in each group and aerobic capacity increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in all 3 groups (6.2 ml/kg . min-1 in MI, 7.0 ml/kg . min-1) in CHD, and 8.0 ml/kg . min-1 in CAB). Changes in other exercise related variables were found not to be statistically significant. Analysis of variance yielded no difference among the 3 groups for any of the variables evaluated. The results clearly indicate that the trainability of the MI patient is equivalent to that of the cardiac patient who has not suffered an infarct and to that of the post-CAB patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The sesamoids of the hallux.

The seemingly innocuous tiny sesamoids play an important role in the function and pathomechanics of the hallux. The recent active participation of people of all ages in jogging and long-distance running, activities introducing repetitive stressful forces on the forefoot, induces sesamoiditis. Bones normally asymptomatic, such as the sesamoids, require renewed interest in embryology, anatomy, congenital variations, infection, osteochondritis, trauma and effective treatment.

Bone Diseases↗