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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The effect of pre- and postmolt diets high in n-3 fatty acids and molt programs on skeletal integrity and insulin-like growth factor-I of White Leghorns.

This study investigated changes in bone integrity and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) of hens subjected to 2 distinct molting regimens and fed pre- and postmolt diets high in n-3 or n-6 fatty acids. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer determined bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia and humerus of 45 live hens from 62 to 76 wk of age. Densitometric scans were also conducted in excised tibia and humerus at 66, 71, and 76 wk of age. Concentrations of IGF-I were monitored using an homologous RIA at the same ages. The molting treatments consisted of 10 d of fasting + cracked corn for 7 d + pullet developer diet for 10 d or a nonfasting molt (wheat-middlings-based diet for 27 d). Five weeks prior to and after either molt treatment, birds were fed 1 of 2 diets containing dietary n-6/ n-3 fatty acids ratios of 0.6 or 8.0. At the end of the molt (71 wk of age), tibial BMD decreased 30% in fasted and 11% in nonfasted molt regimens, and the fatty acid content of the premolt diet had no effect on the decline in BMD. The BMD of the humerus also decreased during molt with the exception of hens subjected to a nonfasted molt and fed n-3 fatty acid diets in which their BMD values were similar to or greater (at 73 wk of age) than those of controls during the entire experimental period (treatment by bone by age, P < or = 0.0001). Induced molt affected circulating IGF-I concentrations (treatment by age interaction, P < or = 0.0001), and the response was the same regardless of molt regimen (fasting vs. nonfasting) or diet (n-3 vs. n-6 fatty acids). A decrease in IGF-I 54 h postmolt was noted; however, from 13 to 43 d postmolt, all molted birds had elevated IGF-I as compared with controls. In conclusion, a nonfasted molt as compared with fasted molt was less detrimental to bone mineralization; dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios in the pre- and postmolt diets had little effect on the decline of skeletal integrity during molt, and circulating IGF-I concentrations were affected by molt.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral improvement in long-term geriatric patients during an age-integrated psychosocial rehabilitation program.

A study was made of the effects of a psychosocial rehabilitative program on the behavioral functioning of elderly chronically ill patients. High school students served as remotivation and socialization therapists in a supervised structured process designed to improve the quality of life for the participating nursing-home residents. The participants were 12 long-term patients whose ages ranged from 62 to 99 years (mean, 73.2 years). The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by means of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), a questionnaire designed to assess the effect of a physical illness on daily activities, psychosocial skills and mental status. The results demonstrated that the rehabilitative program had a significant impact on several dimensions of the lives of the participants. As a consequence of the interaction with the students, there was an increase in social interaction, a reduction in daytime sleeping and an increase in mobility. The results reported here extend the successful use of remotivation techniques to areas of overt behavioral functioning not previously assessed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Integrated university training program in geriatric medicine accredited and evaluated by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

The Federated Council for Internal Medicine recommended in 1981 "increased emphasis on geriatric medicine in the medical school curriculum, the medical residency, and continuing medical education." In the same year the first examination for a Certificate of Special Competence in Geriatric Medicine was held in Canada. This was the culmination of a process begun in 1974 to establish the subject as a subspecialty within Internal Medicine. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada set up a Specialty Committee which developed criteria for the accreditation of training programs. Candidates have to be eligible to sit for the certification examination in Internal Medicine before they can sit for the Certificate of Special Competence in Geriatric Medicine which is awarded only after passing both examinations. Thirty-nine individuals sat for the examination in its first five years of whom 26 were successful. These now form a nucleus of well-qualified internist-geriatricians who are developing academic programs in geriatric medicine in Canadian Medical Schools.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

Effects of a food supplementation program on the nutritional status of pregnant women in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND: The Government of Bangladesh implemented a comprehensive nutrition intervention in 1997 to reduce the rates of malnutrition among women and children. The pilot program, the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Program (BINP), adopted a multisectoral approach targeting women and children through food supplementation, home gardening, and health and nutrition education. OBJECTIVE: This paper estimates the effectiveness of BINP's food supplementation and nutrition education on the nutritional status of pregnant women. Methods. Three effectiveness measures were considered: target efficiency, improvements in the nutritional status of beneficiaries, and the persistence of nutritional effects. To isolate the effects of the intervention, the nutritional status of participants and nonparticipants was compared after controlling for various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Data were collected in 2000 from a random sample of 3262 households in a BINP intervention area. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of pregnant women were correctly targeted by the program's food supplementation activities. The nutrition program reduced the prevalence of thinness among participant pregnant women by about 3 percentage points per month of enrollment. The prevalence of thinness among program graduates was 62%, which was much higher than that of the matched (nonparticipant) group (35%). This finding is perplexing but it may simply imply that those who enrolled at the initial phase of the project were severely underweight and they fell back to their original status within a short period of time. CONCLUSIONS: The nutrition program was intended to improve the nutritional status of women in the longer run through the provision of nutrition education during the food supplementation phase. The prevalence of thinness or severe underweight in women who exited the program after completion of the enrollment period was found to be much higher than in women of similar age and socioeconomic status in the community. This apparent lack of persistence of program benefits requires careful re-evaluation of alternative mechanisms for improving the long-term nutritional status of women.

Adolescent↗