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PubMedDate not supplied

A case for chaos theory in nursing.

This paper addresses the question of why nurses should understand chaos theory. A critique of the literature is used to demonstrate how chaos theory has been utilised in a number of disciplines, including nursing. Possible applications of chaos theory in nursing are proposed in order to demonstrate where it might assist nurses, in particular researchers, educators and policy makers. The appropriateness of the application of chaos theory as a framework for knowledge generation is also discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

The Midwifery Interactive Learning Environment (MILE).

The aim of the MILE project is to foster a multidisciplinary collaboration between the healthcare sector, specifically healthcare professionals and IT and computing experts. The objective is to develop a computer-based learning (CBL) environment for midwifery and nurse education. As there is little, if any, work within this application domain, MILE will be developed covering an appropriate subset of common skills necessary for midwives and nurses to work within obstetrics and/or gynaecology. The scope and functionality of the CBL environment will enable evaluation of the uptake and performance of such technology within a highly skilled and wide range task environment. This involves both classroom and on-the-job training.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2002

The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh's 300-year relationship with print on paper.

It is very likely that digital resources will be the primary source materials of the historians of the future. After 550 years, printing on paper is no longer the only means of information transfer. This paper summarises some of the new ways of digitally disseminating medical information before using the example of a Scottish professional society to show the importance of that extraordinarily successful method of information transfer - printing on paper using movable types. The paper aims to show how a seemingly simple, comparatively low technology, process has driven a lot of the decisions of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and provided a reliable means to document those decisions for over 300 years.

History, 17th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The informational concept of searching for periodicity in symbol sequences].

Method of informational decomposition has been developed, allowing one to reveal hidden periodicity in any symbol sequences. The informational decomposition is calculated without conversion of a symbol sequence into the numerical one, which facilitates finding periodicities in a symbol sequence. The method permits introducing an analog of the autocorrelation function of a symbol sequence. The method developed by us has been applied to reveal hidden periodicities in nucleotide and amino acid sequences, as well as in different poetical texts. Hidden periodicity has been detected in various genes, testifying to their quantum structure. The functional and structural role of hidden periodicity is discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Psychology of group relations: cultural and social dimensions.

Cross-cultural psychology attempts to understand the development and expression of human behavior in relation to the cultural contexts in which it occurs. It adopts the perspective of "universalism," which assumes that all human beings share basic psychological processes, but which are then shaped by cultural influences. This perspective allows for the comparison of individuals from different cultures (based on the process commonality), but also accepts behavioral variability (based on the cultural shaping). In the case of behavior that takes place during interactions between individuals coming from two (or more) cultures, the task is more complex; we now need to understand at least two sets of culture-behavior phenomena, as well as a third set--those that arise at the intersection of their relationships. In cross-cultural psychology, we have adopted concepts and methods from sociology and political science to inform work on "ethnic relations," and from cultural anthropology we have been informed in our work on the process and outcomes of "acculturation." In the former domain are phenomena such as prejudice and discrimination; in the latter are the strategies people use when in daily contact with people from other cultures (such as assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization). These phenomena take place in cultural contexts, which need to be understood in terms of the core dimensions of cultural difference (such as diversity, equality, and conformity). During prolonged and intimate contact between persons of different cultural backgrounds, all these psychological concepts and processes, and cultural influences need to be taken into account when selecting, training, and monitoring individuals during their intercultural interactions.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

A corpus driven approach applying the "frame semantic" method for modeling functional status terminology.

In an effort to unearth semantic models that could prove fruitful to functional-status terminology development we applied the "frame semantic" method, derived from the linguistic theory of thematic roles currently exemplified in the Berkeley "FrameNet" Project. Full descriptive sentences with functional-status conceptual meaning were derived from structured content within a corpus of questionnaire assessment instruments commonly used in clinical practice for functional-status assessment. Syntactic components in those sentences were delineated through manual annotation and mark-up. The annotated syntactic constituents were tagged as frame elements according to their semantic role within the context of the derived functional-status expression. Through this process generalizable "semantic frames" were elaborated with recurring "frame elements". The "frame semantic" method as an approach to rendering semantic models for functional-status terminology development and its use as a basis for machine recognition of functional status data in clinical narratives are discussed.

Information Science↗
PubMed2004

Logical support for terminological modeling.

Terminological modeling, in particular in medical domains, is difficult and has enjoyed growing attention over the recent past. In practice, logical reasoning can play a fundamental role to support the modeling process. Nevertheless, the development of the logical tools is usually driven by computational or theoretical criteria rather than by the direct needs of a modeler. In this paper we attempt to shift this balance and discuss a number of logical reasoning services to support the modeler of a (medical) terminology to construct a formally sound, complete and concise terminology. This modeling support is logical as it is based on reasoning services with respect to formally defined semantics. Practical results of this systematic discussion are formal definitions of several new reasoning tasks.

Information Science↗
PubMed1996

Computer-assisted systems for forensic pathology and forensic toxicology.

A computer software, RättsBASE (RB), was developed for all forensic pathology units in Sweden and introduced in 1992. Simultaneously, a corresponding software, ToxBASE (TB), was developed for the Department of Forensic Toxicology, where all forensic toxicology in Sweden is managed. Both of the databases were created using dBASE IV, and the programming was carried out according to specifications from the staff at the forensic toxicology and forensic pathology units. since the development or RB and TB was coordinated, the systems can run together smoothly. The purpose of both systems was to automate the offices and to enable compilation of detailed statistics. Installation of Novell Netware and ISDN-connections (Integrated Service Digital Network) has enabled rapid communication between the units and easy compilation of nationwide statistics of forensic pathology and forensic toxicology. the systems offer a wide spectrum of reports and include a simple module for evaluation of the importance of the forensic efforts for th whole death investigation. The configuration of the softwares has also enabled processing of a large amount of related toxicological and autopsy data that in turn has yielded a base for compilation of toxicology interpretation lists. This article includes a summary of the features of the software and a discussion of its benefits and limitations.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2005

Editorial opinion: chemoinformatics - a ten year update.

The field of chemoinformatics was initially introduced to the pharmaceutical industry in 1995, with the first publication appearing in 1998. Since the introduction of the term and the practice, there has been much debate on the spelling and meaning of chemoinformatics. This article offers a single definition for chemoinformatics, which is supported by the publications of practitioners in the field. Several excellent papers that highlight the use of chemoinformatics are cited. This article, similarly to the first publication, will attempt to project a vision for this field.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Canadian Cardiovascular Society commentary on implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Canada: waiting times and access to care issues.

The Canadian Cardiovascular Society is the national professional society for cardiovascular specialists and researchers in Canada. In the spring of 2004, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Council formed an Access to Care Working Group in an effort to use the best science and information to establish reasonable triage categories and safe wait times for access to common cardiovascular services and procedures. The Working Group has elected to publish a series of commentaries to initiate a structured national discussion on this very important issue. Access to treatment with implantable cardioverter defibrillators is the subject of the present commentary. The prevalence pool of potentially eligible patients is discussed, along with access barriers, regional disparities and waiting times. A maximum recommended waiting time is proposed and the framework for a solution-oriented approach is presented.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

An integrated system to remote monitor and control anaerobic wastewater treatment plants through the internet.

The TELEMAC project brings new methodologies from the Information and Science Technologies field to the world of water treatment. TELEMAC offers an advanced remote management system which adapts to most of the anaerobic wastewater treatment plants that do not benefit from a local expert in wastewater treatment. The TELEMAC system takes advantage of new sensors to better monitor the process dynamics and to run automatic controllers that stabilise the treatment plant, meet the depollution requirements and provide a biogas quality suitable for cogeneration. If the automatic system detects a failure which cannot be solved automatically or locally by a technician, then an expert from the TELEMAC Control Centre is contacted via the internet and manages the problem.

Automation↗
PubMed2005

Treating the right patient at the right time: access to care in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.

In 2004, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society formed an Access to Care Working Group with a mandate to use the best science and information available to establish reasonable triage categories and safe wait times for common cardiovascular services and procedures through a series of commentaries. The present commentary discusses the rationale for access benchmarks for urgent cardiac catheterization and revascularization, including hospital transfer in the setting of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. The literature on standards of care, wait times, wait list management and clinical trials was reviewed. A survey of all cardiac catheterization directors in Canada was performed to develop an inventory of current practices in identifying and triaging patients. The Working Group recommended the following medically acceptable wait times for access to diagnostic catheterization and revascularization in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes: for diagnostic catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention, the target should be 24 h to 48 h for high-risk, three to five days for intermediate-risk and five to seven days for low-risk patients; for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the target should be three to five days for high-risk, two to three weeks for intermediate-risk and six weeks for low-risk patients. All stakeholders must affirm the appropriateness of these standards and work continuously to achieve them. However, some questions remain around what are the best clinical risk markers to delineate the triage categories and the utility of clinical risk scores to assist clinicians in triaging patients for invasive therapies.

Angina, Unstable↗