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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A clinical data repository implementation progress report.

In late 1992, the 161 bed Grace Hospital of Morganton, North Carolina, USA, entered into a prototype agreement with a major vendor of hospital information systems software to help develop remote delivery of a Clinical Data Repository system. A process for planning and designing the implementation of this system was instituted by the Hospital. As of June 1994, several types of patient data are being collected for storage in the repository; interfaces to existing systems have been created, and progress is being made on designing clinical user presentation formats for long-term, on-line clinical data.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

Integrating data from natural language processing into a clinical information system.

Demographic data extracted from discharge summaries by natural language processing was compared to data gathered by a conventional hospital admitting system. Discrepancies in data were noted in names, age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Some differences are attributable to errors in collection: interaction with patient, dictation, transcription, and data entry. Very few differences were due to errors in natural language processing. Other differences can be used to critique existing data, or to enhance data with more detailed information. Discrepancies in data as elementary as patient demographics raise the issue of resolving conflicts when neither source of data is known to be more reliable. Clinical repositories can represent conflicting data from multiple sources, but clinical information systems must bear the cost of increased complexity in the application programs that will use the data.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1996

Increasing the availability of the computerized patient record.

The MARS clinical repository, originally developed at the University of Pittsburgh, provides electronic access to the patient record at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The original client interface we developed runs on all standard clinical workstations in the medical center, but is operating-system dependent. Porting and maintaining it on the variety of hardware- and software combinations found on VUMC personal computers would be fairly costly. To broaden the availability of the system to faculty and health care providers in all areas, and to support future access from Vanderbilt-affiliated providers outside the main campus, we are developing a new Web-based client. The new client provides good functionality and performance, and will be a strategic asset in our long-term commitment to making relevant clinical information immediately available to authorized health care providers.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1997

Linking a clinical system to heterogeneous information resources.

We present a model for providing clinical information system (CIS) users with quick access to high quality information resources. We have developed a chest X-ray information button application which is attached to the chest X-ray reports in the CIS at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. The application generates questions based on clinical information, user interest, generic question templates, and resource availability. It then provides answers to the questions through integrated access to heterogeneous information resources including the CIS itself and publicly accessible Web resources.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

[A survey of the best bibliographic searching system in occupational medicine and discussion of its implementation].

When occupational health personnel, especially occupational physicians search bibliographies, they usually have to search bibliographies by themselves. Also, if a library is not available because of the location of their work place, they might have to rely on online databases. Although there are many commercial databases in the world, people who seldom use them, will have problems with on-line searching, such as user-computer interface, keywords, and so on. The present study surveyed the best bibliographic searching system in the field of occupational medicine by questionnaire through the use of DIALOG OnDisc MEDLINE as a commercial database. In order to ascertain the problems involved in determining the best bibliographic searching system, a prototype bibliographic searching system was constructed and then evaluated. Finally, solutions for the problems were discussed. These led to the following conclusions: to construct the best bibliographic searching system at the present time, 1) a concept of micro-to-mainframe links (MML) is needed for the computer hardware network; 2) multi-lingual font standards and an excellent common user-computer interface are needed for the computer software; 3) a short course and education of database management systems, and support of personal information processing for retrieved data are necessary for the practical use of the system.

Computers↗
PubMed1998

Radiology devices; classifications for five medical image management devices--FDA. Final rule.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying five radiology devices that provide functions related to medical image communication, storage, processing, and display into class I (general controls) or class II (special controls). The medical image storage device and medical image communications device are classified into class I, and they are exempted from the requirement of premarket notification when they do not use irreversible compression. The medical image digitizer, the medical image hardcopy device, and the picture archiving and communications system are classified into class II. These actions are being taken under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act), as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 and the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMed2005

Managing the CT data explosion: initial experiences of archiving volumetric datasets in a mini-PACS.

Two image datasets (one thick section dataset and another volumetric dataset) were typically reconstructed from each single CT projection data. The volumetric dataset was stored in a mini-PACS with 271-Gb online and 680-Gb nearline storage and routed to radiologists' workstations, whereas the thick section dataset was stored in the main PACS. Over a 5-month sample period, 278 Gb of CT data (8976 examinations) was stored in the main PACS, and 738 Gb of volumetric datasets (6193 examinations) was stored in the mini-PACS. The volumetric datasets formed 32.8% of total data for all modalities (2.20 Tb) in the main PACS and mini-PACS combined. At the end of this period, the volumetric datasets of 1892 and 5162 examinations were kept online and nearline, respectively. Mini-PACS offers an effective method of archiving every volumetric dataset and delivering it to radiologists.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1997

Extending the standard architecture for healthcare units: the guideline server.

The main topic of our research is health care unit (HCU) reengineering. To this aim, a guideline oriented conceptual model of HCUs was developed. In order to map this conceptual model into an information system with a client-server architecture, a guideline server is needed. The guideline concept and its life cycle are introduced and the main functions of the guideline server are presented.

Case Management↗
PubMed2006

Avoiding literature overload in the medical domain.

The retrieval of patient-related literature is hampered by the large size of medical literature. Various computer systems have been developed to assist physicians during information retrieval. However, in general, physicians lack the time and skills required to employ such systems effectively. Our goal is to investigate to what extent a physician can be provided with patient-related literature without spending extra time and without acquiring additional skills. In previous research we developed a method to formulate a physician's patient-related information needs automatically, without requiring any interaction between the physician and the system. The formulated information needs can be used as a starting point for literature retrieval. As a result we found that the number of information needs formulated per physician was quite high and had to be reduced to avoid a literature overload. In this paper we present four types of knowledge that may be used to accomplish a reduction in the number of information needs. The usefulness of each of these knowledge types depends heavily on the specific cause underlying the multitude of information needs. To determine the nature of the cause, we performed an experimental analysis. The results of the analysis led us to conclude that the knowledge types can be ordered according to their appropriateness as follows: (1) knowledge concerning temporal aspects, (2) knowledge concerning a physician's specialism, (3) domain knowledge, and (4) a user model. Further research has to be performed, in particular on precisely assessing the performance of each type of knowledge within our domain.

Information Management↗
PubMed2002

[Development and clinical application of the EMG information management system].

This paper introduces an EMG multi-gateway analysis diagnosis and information management system. The clinical applications show that this system has higher efficiency and standard report contents, and easy statistical analysis. And it also offers EMG standard figure, normal value data, nerve and muscle select scheme etc, for reference.

Computers↗
PubMed2006

Reducing dropouts in outpatient care through an SMS-based system.

The objective of this work is to reduce the number of outpatients dropouts, i.e. appointments that, unexpectedly, are not attended by the scheduled patients, thus causing disturbances to the regular ambulatory workflow, waste of resources, and, eventually, longer waiting lists for ambulatory care. A collateral, but not less important result is the improvement of the relationship between citizens and the public Hospital Company. The method proposed consists in sending short instant messages to remind the appointment. After the promising estimates obtained by a preliminary cost-benefit analysis, a commercial product was purchased for the communication infrastructure, while a software module has been developed for interacting with the legacy system, in order to retrieve the information necessary to compose the text of every sms and send it to the citizen. The system has been implemented since seven months, and its benefits have been measured. Dropouts trend, stable at 7-8% during last years, is clearly decreasing, while the number of citizens providing their mobile number to the healthcare booking facilities is constantly increasing. Our conclusion is that the cost of the system will be amortised in a very short time, leading to a significant cost saving and, hopefully, to shorter waiting lists.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information management of a department of diagnostic imaging.

It is well-known that while RIS allows the management of all input and output data of a Radiology service, PACS plays a major role in the management of all radiologic images. However, the two systems should be closely integrated: scheduling of a radiologic exam requires direct automated integration with the system of image management for retrieval of previous exams and storage of the exam just completed. A modern information system of integration of data and radiologic images should be based on an automated work flow management in al its components, being at the same time flexible and compatible with the ward organization to support and computerize each stage of the working process. Similarly, standard protocols (DICOM 3.0, HL7) defined for interfacing with the Diagnostic Imaging (D.I.) department and the other components of modules of a modern HIS, should be used. They ensure the system to be expandable and accessible to ensure share and integration of information with HIS, emergency service or wards. Correct RIS/PACS integration allows a marked improvement in the efficiency of a modern D.I. department with a positive impact on the daily activity, prompt availability of previous data and images with sophisticated handling of diagnostic images to enhance the reporting quality. The increased diffusion of internet and intranet technology predicts future developments still to be discovered.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMedDate not supplied

I2Cnet: Content-based similarity search in geographically distributed repositories of medical images.

The retrieval of images by content is rapidly gaining acceptance as an important function of image database systems. This paper discusses the architecture of I2Cnet, a network of servers which provide content-based query services through a WWW browser. In I2Cnet, algorithms for the representation, storage, and retrieval of medical images based on different descriptions of image content are implemented using description types. AttributeMatch, a description type supported by I2Cnet, aims to capture the knowledge of medical experts in queries by using a similarity criterion which can be tailored to user preferences. We present results showing the query response time of AttributeMatch, obtained with image classes of various sizes, and the degree of similarity of retrieved images to the query image under different similarity criteria.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Evaluating and reducing the effect of data corruption when applying bag of words approaches to medical records.

Unlike journal corpora, which are supposed to be carefully reviewed before being published, the quality of documents in a patient record are often corrupted by mispelled words and conventional graphies or abbreviations. After a survey of the domain, the paper focuses on evaluating the effect of such corruption on an information retrieval (IR) engine. The IR system uses a classical bag of words approach, with stems as representation items and term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) as weighting schema; we pay special attention to the normalization factor. First results shows that even low corruption levels (3%) do affect retrieval effectiveness (4-7%), whereas higher corruption levels can affect retrieval effectiveness by 25%. Then, we show that the use of an improved automatic spelling correction system, applied on the corrupted collection, can almost restore the retrieval effectiveness of the engine.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2005

A grid-based image archival and analysis system.

Here the authors present a Grid-aware middleware system, called GridPACS, that enables management and analysis of images in a massive scale, leveraging distributed software components coupled with interconnected computation and storage platforms. The need for this infrastructure is driven by the increasing biomedical role played by complex datasets obtained through a variety of imaging modalities. The GridPACS architecture is designed to support a wide range of biomedical applications encountered in basic and clinical research, which make use of large collections of images. Imaging data yield a wealth of metabolic and anatomic information from macroscopic (e.g., radiology) to microscopic (e.g., digitized slides) scale. Whereas this information can significantly improve understanding of disease pathophysiology as well as the noninvasive diagnosis of disease in patients, the need to process, analyze, and store large amounts of image data presents a great challenge.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Use of a thin-section archive and enterprise 3D software for long-term storage of thin-slice CT data sets.

Rapid advances are changing the technology and applications of multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanners. The major increase in data associated with this new technology, however, breaks most commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS) architectures by preventing them from delivering data in real time to radiologists and outside clinicians. We proposed a phased model for 3D workflow, installed a thin-slice archive and measured thin-slice data storage over a period of 5 months. A mean of 1,869 CT studies were stored per month, with an average of 643 images per study and a mean total volume of 588 GB/month. We also surveyed 48 radiologists to determine diagnostic use, impressions of thin-slice value, and requirements for retention times. The majority of radiologists thought thin slice was helpful for diagnosis and regularly used the application. Permanent storage of thin slice CT is likely to become best practice and a mission-critical pursuit for the health care enterprise.

Humans↗