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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Visual outcome and ocular survival following iris prolapse in the horse: a review of 32 cases.

The medical records of 32 horses treated for iris prolapse (IP) during an 8 year period, at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, were reviewed. Iris prolapse was associated with perforated corneal ulcers in 15 horses (47%), ruptured stromal abscesses in 2 horses (6%), and full thickness corneal lacerations in 15 horses (47%). Initial ophthalmic examinations revealed IP with severe iridocyclitis in all eyes and keratomalacia in 8 eyes with corneal ulcers, one with a stromal abscess and 1 with a corneal laceration. Hyphema was present in 7 eyes with corneal lacerations. Thirty horses were managed with combined medical and surgical therapy. Two horses were only treated medically with topically administered antibiotics. Of the 24 perforations surgically repaired, 21 were closed primarily and 13 were then covered with a conjunctival graft. After combined therapy and a minimum of 4 months of follow-up, vision was retained in 6 of the horses (40%) with perforating corneal disease and 5 of the horses (33%) with perforating corneal lacerations. Post operatively, of the 11 (37%) horses blind at discharge, 6 (55%) subsequently developed phthisis bulbi. Enucleations were performed in 4 cases with extensive keratomalacia and/or endophthalmitis, 2 cases with limbal rupture and total hyphema, and one case with a chronic IP. One horse was subjected to euthanasia after 3 surgical treatments failed to stabilise stromal melting. Horses presented with ulcerative keratitis of fewer than 15 days duration, or horses with corneal lacerations less than 15 mm in length, tended to have a favourable visual outcome. Keratomalacia, hyphema, corneal lacerations longer than 15 mm and lacerations extending to, along, or beyond the limbus, adversely influenced visual outcome. Iridectomy did not appear clinically to exacerbate anterior uveitis or adversely affect visual outcome. Ocular survival following combined therapy was 80% (12/15) in horses with corneal lacerations and 67% (10/15) in horses with ulcerative keratitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fellow eye in angle-closure glaucoma.

118 consecutive patients with angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) were investigated. The primarily affected eye presented with acute ACG in 71 patients, with intermittent or chronic ACG in 41, and with acute ACG secondary to intumescent cataract in six. ACG was demonstrated in the fellow eye in 85 of the 118 patients (72 per cent.), including 72, 71, and 83 per cent. respectively of the three groups distinguished above. In 27 fellow eyes, ACG was demonstrable only by provocative testing. Eleven patients failed to return for follow-up investigation. A routine prophylactic peripheral iridectomy in the fellow eye is justified in patients who are unlikely to attend for follow-up examinations,, but may be avoided in about 23 per cent. of patients who attend regularly.

Dark Adaptation↗
PubMed1977

Differences and similarities in a series of cases with bilateral intraocular lenses and evaluation of the results.

A review is given of the results of intraocular lens implantation in 38 patients, that is, 76 eyes. The observation time was up to 7 1/2 years. Only 5 cases were done as a secondary procedure. The Binkhorst 4-loop lens was preferred. Most of the lenses were fixated with an iris-lens suture. Out of 8 lens luxations 2 were fixed with an iris suture. The final visual acuity and the difference in refraction in spherical as well as cylindrical power are surveyed. The astigmatism and the astigmatic axis are compared in the 2 eyes of each patient. Most of the patients regained stereoscopic vision. It is concluded that neither the lens position, the lens type, the number of iris sutures, nor the number of iridectomies had any influence on the eventual results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Mixed glaucoma.

Two hundred and sixty-seven eyes which underwent peripheral iridectomy for presumed angle-closure glaucoma were investigated. The diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma was confirmed postoperatively in 258 eyes, in 201 of which the intraocular pressure became normal without further treatment and in 57 of which the postiridectomy IOP was elevated because of visible damage to the anterior chamber angle. Three eyes had open-angle glaucoma with a narrow angle. Six eyes had possible mixed (combined mechanism) glaucoma (2-2%). Mixed glaucoma is a rare, fortuitous combination of open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma rather than a distinct entity, and it might be advisable to avoid the term, which tends to be used for primary glaucomas of uncertain classification.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1978

Mechanisms in open-angle glaucoma.

One hundred and nineteen eyes from 68 patients with open-angle glaucoma were provoked by means of a pilocarpine phenylephrine provocative test. In 22% the response was the same as that seen in normal eyes. In 78% the response was the same as that seen in contralateral eyes at risk to the development of closed-angle glaucoma, which do not develop a positive provocative test. The 68 patients were randomised and 34 submitted to a "dummy" provocative test. No significant change in pressure or outflow occurred. Fifty-two of the 93 eyes with an abnormal provocative test were selected for a peripheral iridectomy and reprovoked at least 6 months after operation. The results were significantly different from those obtained before operation. It was concluded that partial-angle closure could be demonstrated in some eyes with apparent open-angle glaucoma. The mechanisms involved in the production of partial-angle closure in eyes with apparent open-angle glaucoma are discussed.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1978

Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of pupillary block glaucoma following irrigation and aspiration.

Pupillary block glaucoma developed in 3 children treated with irrigation and aspiration using the Cavitron phacoemulsification system. One had a congenital cataract, 1 had blunt trauma, and 1 had a penetrating injury. The factors contributing to pupillary block included excessive retained lens material, severe post-traumatic inflammation with synechia formation in 2 cases, and the lack of iridectomy in a case requiring a membrane discission. The pupillary block was successfully treated by pars plana vitrectomy in all cases; however, vision in 1 eye was lost owing to secondary glaucoma resulting from delay in treatment and the development of 360 degrees peripheral anterior synechiae.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

Mechanisms in ocular hypertension.

This paper investigates the hypothesis that intermittent partial angle closure is one of the causes of ocular hypertension. 139 eyes from 76 patients with ocular hypertension were provoked with pilocarpine and phenylephrine. Four distinct responses appeared. Firstly, in 39 eyes (from 24 patients, 32%) gonioscopic closure of part or all of the angle appeared. Secondly, in 30 eyes (from 19 patients, 25%) no angle closure occurred but there was a substantial pigment release into the aqueous. Thirdly, in 9 eyes (from 8 patients, 11%) both angle closure and pigment release occurred. Finally, in 61 eyes (from 36 patients, 59%) neither angle closure nor pigment release appeared. (Since the 2 eyes of a patient did not always behave in the same way, for example, 1 eye might develop angle closure and the other not, 1 patient may appear in 2 groups.) From the first group 1 eye from each patient was randomly chosen for iridectomy. A repeat provocative test at least 1 year later produced a significantly different result. It is considered that the evidence obtained in this study supports the hypothesis that intermittent partial angle closure is one of the causes of ocular hypertension.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1980

Iridocycloretraction in closed-angle glaucoma.

A small series of patients who underwent iridocycloretraction between 1969 and 1976 is analysed. All patients had previously undergone peripheral iridectomy for primary angle-closure glaucoma, and all had 360 degrees of peripheral anterior synechiae, as seen with the gonioscope. It was found that iridocycloretraction was successful in an unacceptably low percentage of cases, and its success was related to whether subconjunctival drainage was established. There was no clinical evidence to support the theory that its main mode of action was to permit access of aqueous to the trabecular meshwork. Therefore it has no practical advantages over other procedures which establish subconjunctival filtration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cataract surgery in the management of the late complications of lepromatous leprosy in South Korea.

Clinical examination of 113 patients in South Korea with lepromatous leprosy and severe visual impairment showed that the main cause of visual loss was the combined effect of corneal and lens opacities associated with small nonreacting pupils and iris atrophy. Cataract surgery with broad iridectomy and inferior sphincterotomy offers these patients with chronic lepromatous complications the best chance of preserving vision. Eighty-one cataract operations were performed under local anaesthesia, and in 90% vision improved; in 60% this improvement was 2 Snellen's lines or more.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute shallowing of the anterior chamber.

In aging eyes phenylephrine drops have no significant effect on the depth of the anterior chamber, whereas pilocarpine drops produce a significant shallowing. If both drugs are instilled simultaneously, a significantly greater decrease in anterior chamber depth occurs. The effect is seen in normal, glaucomatous, and hypertensive eyes, and in eyes with shallow anterior chambers. It did not occur in eyes that had had an iridectomy. During the course of a positive provocative test an acute reduction in anterior depth occurs which is reversed when the angle opens and pressure returns to normal levels. It is concluded that the depth of the anterior chamber is not a static dimension but that changes can occur which are rapid and transient. The mechanism of shallowing and deepening depends on an increase or a decrease in the pupil block force. It is a necessary consequence too that eyes with nonshallow anterior chambers can get closed-angle glaucoma and that this possibility cannot be detected by a conventional gonioscopic approach.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1985

Vitreous haemorrhage after cataract extraction.

One hundred eyes undergoing intracapsular cataract extraction and 100 undergoing extracapsular extraction were examined prospectively within one week postoperatively and again at 6-10 weeks postoperatively. Indirect ophthalmoscopy showed vitreous haemorrhage in 36% of the intracapsular group and 13% of the extracapsular group. Vitreous haemorrhage was significantly related to the occurrence of operative hyphaema (p less than 0.01) but not to iridectomy (p greater than 0.05). In the intracapsular group the use of chymotrypsin significantly reduced the incidence of vitreous haemorrhage (p less than 0.01). Three different types of vitreous haemorrhage were identified--streaks, diffuse haze, and beads in the vitreous base. Wound haemorrhage and operative hyphaema account for most cases, but it is suggested that zonular traction may be responsible for the bead haemorrhages and also for the retinal haemorrhages reported by other authors. Although no difference in visual result or incidence of cystoid macular oedema was observed in this study, a relationship to the vitreoretinal pathology of aphakia is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

One-step extracapsular cataract extraction and silicone oil-injection in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

A combined technique of extracapsular cataract extraction and silicone oil injection is described. The anterior capsule is preserved to prevent movement of the silicone oil from the vitreous cavity to the anterior chamber. An anterior chamber tap ensures that the vitreous cavity is completely filled with silicone oil, while a peripheral iridectomy prevents postoperative pupillary block glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute glaucoma following vitrectomy and silicone oil injection.

Three cases are described of acute glaucoma following vitrectomy and silicone oil injection in proliferative vitreous retinopathy. The first case developed silicone-induced pupillary block in a phakic eye. Cases 2 and 3 developed elevated pressure in aphakic eyes with deep anterior chambers. Cases 1 and 3 were treated by laser iridectomy. Case 2 was treated by removal of silicone. The pathogenesis and treatment of these problems are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Histopathological characteristics of neodymium-YAG laser iridotomy in the human eye.

Light and electron microscopic studies of YAG laser iridotomies were performed in two human iridectomy specimens. Full-thickness defects were created and showed stromal and vascular necrosis. The light and electron microscopic configuration of the lesions was compatible with mechanical disruption from shockwaves. Thermal changes were absent in contrast to iridotomies created by argon laser photocoagulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Histopathological findings in the iris of dapsone treated leprosy patients.

From 43 Nepalese leprosy patients skin smear negative, and treated with dapsone (diamino diphenyl sulphone), and without any sign of active leprosy or iritis, specimens from iridectomy during cataract surgery were studied histopathologically. Of 49 iris specimens only six (12%) were found to be without any histopathological change. Atrophy of the iris stroma was seen in 63% and neovascularisation in 6% of all cases. In 16% in which the dilator muscle could be detected, it was atrophic, and in 11% the pigmented epithelium was thinned and atrophic. Cellular inflammatory infiltrations were seen in 88% of all specimens. They were mostly slight in eyes which before operation had been without posterior synechiae of the iris. In most of the eyes in which posterior synechiae had been present moderate or heavy inflammatory cell infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells, often associated with macrophages, neutrophils, or eosinophils, were found. In five iris specimens acid fast bacilli were present. This raises the question whether these can survive systemically despite dapsone chemotherapy in the iris, thus leading to dapsone-resistant leprosy and to recurrent iritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The association of Fuchs's corneal endothelial dystrophy with axial hypermetropia, shallow anterior chamber, and angle closure glaucoma.

A series of 24 patients with Fuchs's dystrophy are presented in whom detailed clinical measurement showed an association with axial hypermetropia and shallow anterior chamber. In 14 of these patients one cornea had developed oedema, of which 11 had required penetrating keratoplasty. Comparison of these eyes with the fellow eyes without corneal oedema revealed that the anomalies in measurement were not due to the process of decompensation. These 14 patients were then compared with the remaining 10 patients without corneal oedema in either eye, and a similar profile of anomalous measurements was observed. The whole group of 24 patients were then compared with three separate control groups, and in each case a significant trend towards hypermetropia, short axial length, and shallow anterior chamber was noted. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error in the patients with Fuchs's dystrophy was +2.48 D compared with -0.31 D for controls; corresponding means for axial length were 22.1 mm compared with 23.4 mm; and for anterior chamber depth were 2.2 mm compared with 2.7 mm. Each of these differences was statistically significant, but there was no significant difference for the keratometry measurements between patients and controls. Five of 24 (21%) of the patients had problems related to shallow anterior chambers of whom 3 (12%) had manifest angle closure glaucoma requiring surgical peripheral iridectomy. The aetiology of Fuchs's dystrophy and of ametropia is discussed and possible modes of association outlined. This previously unrecognised association gives a rational basis for the widely accepted practice of combining penetrating keratoplasty with lens extraction and has several other practical implications which are important in the differential diagnosis and treatment of Fuchs's dystrophy and angle closure glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Periocular migration of an intraocular lens.

A woman presented with a painful eye 6 weeks after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. In the past she had had a sector iridectomy for iris bombé caused by chronic anterior uveitis. On examination the three central corneal sutures were absent, whilst the medial and lateral sutures had broken and were protruding from the section. The eye was quiet and the section intact. Combined clinical and ultrasound examination failed to locate the intraocular lens. Four months postoperatively, while being fitted for contact lenses for the correction of aphakia, the intraocular lens appeared from the superior fornix.

Eye Foreign Bodies↗