Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “IBD”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

5-aminosalicylic acid is an attractive candidate agent for chemoprevention of colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is classically subdivided into ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Patients with IBD have increased risk for colorectal cancer. Because the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma has not been entirely defined yet and there is no ideal treatment for colon cancer, cancer prevention has become increasingly important in patients with IBD. The two adopted methods to prevent the development of colon cancer in clinical practice include the prophylactic colectomy and colonoscopic surveillance. But patients and physicians seldom accept colectomy as a routine preventive method and most patients do not undergo appropriate colonoscopic surveillance. Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress, or to delay the process of carcinogenesis. Chemoprevention is a particularly useful method in the management of patients at high risk for the development of specific cancers based on inborn genetic susceptibility, the presence of cancer-associated disease, or other known risk factors. Prevention of colorectal cancer by administration of chemopreventive agents is one of the most promising options for IBD patients who are at increased risks of the disease. The chemopreventive efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against intestinal tumors has been well established. But with reports that NSAIDs aggravated the symptoms of colitis, their sustained use for the purpose of cancer chemoprevention has been relatively contraindicated in IBD patients. Another hopeful candidate chemoprevention drug for IBD patients is 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is well tolerated by most patients and has limited systemic adverse effects, and no gastrointestinal toxicity. 5-ASA lacks the well-known side effects of long-term NSAIDs use. Retrospective correlative studies have suggested that the long-term use of 5-ASA in IBD patients may significantly reduce the risk of development of colorectal cancer. According to the literature, this agent might well satisfy clinical expectations with respect to a safe and effective chemopreventive agent.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Haplotype of prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 is involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease.

AIM: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2 or COX2) is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation. PTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In IBD patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been shown to reduce both the production and activity of PTGS2, may activate IBD and aggravate the symptoms. We aimed at examining genetic variants of PTGS2 that may be risk factors for IBD. METHODS: We have genotyped 291 individuals diagnosed with IBD and 367 controls from the Dutch population for the five most frequent polymorphisms of the PTGS2 gene. Clinical data were collected on all patients. DNA was extracted via normal laboratory methods. Genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by the Invader Assay and the 5' exonuclease assay (TaqMan). New polymorphism screening was performed by pre-screening with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by fluorescent sequencing. RESULTS: Allele 5209G was weakly associated with Crohn's disease (odds ratio (OR) 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.57), and allele 8473T with ulcerative colitis (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.00-2.27). The haplotype including both alleles showed a strong association with IBD (OR 13.15, 95%CI 3.17-116.15). This haplotype, while rare (-0.3%) in the general population, is found more frequently in the patients (3.5%). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that this haplotype of PTGS2 contributes to the susceptibility of IBD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Childhood inflammatory bowel disease: parental concerns and expectations.

AIM: To document the concerns and expectations of parents of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) within the context of a multidisciplinary IBD clinic, and to highlight the importance of a holistic approach to the care of these children. METHODS: The parents of 60 children with IBD were surveyed by mailed questionnaire. Parents were asked to provide details of their concerns regarding their child's condition and to express their expectations of medical care. In addition, enquiry was made in respect to the respondents' learning about IBD. RESULTS: Forty-six questionnaires (77%) returned. Fifty-two percent of the patients were male. Patients were aged a mean of 10.9 (+/-4.1) years and diagnosed at an average age of 2.1 (+/-1.8) years previously. The most common concerns expressed by the parents related to the side- effects of medications and the future prospects for their child. Overall, parents were satisfied with aspects of care within the IBD clinic but many suggested additional personnel such as counselors or educators should be available. Parents also reported the need for continuing education and easy access to up-to-date information. CONCLUSION: Parents of children and adolescents with IBD have many common concerns regarding their child's condition. On-going attention to holistic care, including psychosocial and educational elements for patients and families, is appropriate in the context of the chronic and unpredictable nature of IBD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Positions of selective leukocytapheresis in the medical therapy of ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the major forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both UC and CD are debilitating chronic disorders that afflict millions of individuals throughout the world with symptoms which impair function and quality of life. The etiology of IBD is inadequately understood and therefore, drug therapy has been empirical instead of being based on sound understanding of IBD pathogenesis. This is a major factor for poor drug efficacy and drug related side effects that often add to the disease complexity. The development of biologicals notably infliximab to intercept tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha reflects some progress, albeit major concern about their side effects and lack of long-term safety and efficacy profiles. However, IBD seems to be perpetuated by inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 for which activated peripheral granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages (GM) are major sources. Further, in IBD, peripheral GMs are elevated with activation behavior, increased survival time and are found in vast numbers within the inflamed intestinal mucosa; they are suspected to be major factors in the immunopathogenesis of IBD. Hence, peripheral blood GMs should be appropriate targets of therapy. The Adacolumn is a medical device developed for selective depletion of GM by receptor-mediated adsorption (GMA). Clinical data show GMA, in patients with steroid dependent or steroid refractory UC, is associated with up to 85% efficacy and tapering or discontinuation of steroids, while in steroid naive patients (the best responders), GMA spares patients from exposure to steroids. Likewise, GMA at appropriate intervals in patients at a high risk of clinical relapse suppresses relapse thus sparing the patients from the morbidity associated with IBD relapse. Further, GMA appears to reduce the number of patients being submitted to colectomy or exposure to unsafe immunosupressants. First UC episode, steroid naivety and short disease duration appear good predictors of response to GMA and based on the available data, GMA seems to have an excellent safety profile.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2000

IL-15 is highly expressed in inflammatory bowel disease and regulates local T cell-dependent cytokine production.

IL-15 shares biological activities but no significant sequence homology with IL-2. It induces T cell recruitment to sites of inflammation, T cell proliferation, and cytokine production and rescue from apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of IL-15 and its effects on proinflammatory cytokine production in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated local IL-15 production by macrophages in inflamed mucosa from IBD patients. Isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from these patients but not from controls produced IL-15 when stimulated with LPS or IFN-gamma. Moreover, lamina propria T cells (LP-T) from IBD patients were more responsive to IL-15 as compared with controls, and IL-15 alone without a primary T cell stimulus induced IFN-gamma and TNF production by isolated IBD LP-T cells, especially by LP-T cells from patients with Crohn's disease. LP-T cells from IBD patients could induce CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction-dependent TNF and IL-12 production by monocytes in a coculture system. This capacity of LP-T cells was strongly enhanced by preincubation in IL-15 and was the result of higher CD40L expression after culture in IL-15. These data indicate that IL-15 is overexpressed in the inflamed mucosa in IBD and that IL-15 enhances local T cell activation, proliferation, and proinflammatory cytokine production by both T cells and macrophages, the latter via a CD40-CD40L interaction-dependent mechanism. Treatment directed against IL-15 may have therapeutic potential in IBD.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevalence of radiographic sacroiliitis in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease with inflammatory low back pain].

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), are frequently complicated by joint complaints with prevalence that varies between 10 and 28%. The IBD related arthropathy may be expressed as peripheral arthritis or axial one frequently indistinguishable from the classical ankylosing spondylitis (AS). According to ESSG criteria for spondyloarthropathy, the presence of synovitis or the inflammatory back pain (IBP) in IBD patients is diagnostic for spondyloarthropathy, but for diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis also radiological criteria must be fulfilled. There are few studies regarding the radiological prevalence of sacroiliitis in patients with IBD. We examined, by plain film radiograms of pelvis, 100 sacroiliac joints (SJ) of 50 IBD patients with IBP. The New York (1984) SJ radiological score with gradation from 0 to 4 was applied. Total sacroiliac score (SJS) was summarized between left and right side (from 0 to 8). Fourteen patients fulfilled New York modified criteria for AS and 8 patients had unilateral 2nd grade sacroiliitis. Only 4 of 14 AS patients (28%) were HLA B27 positive. Thirty patients had localized IBP, 10 extended to buttock and 4 extended to sacrum. Sixteen patients had sciatica-like extension of back pain. A difference in SJS between left and right side was observed only in CD patients (1.3 +/- 0.8 and 0.8 +/- 0.9 respectively; p < 0.05), but not in UC (1.5 +/- 1.2 vs 1.5 +/- 1.3; p = ns) nor in total IBD patients (1.4 +/- 1.0 vs 1.2 +/- 1.2; p = ns). Total SJS was higher in UC respect CD, but not significantly (2.9 +/- 2.3 vs 2.1 +/- 1.5; p = ns). Our data confirm the importance of these symptoms in patients with IBD, who need to be carefully investigated also for these aspects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Possible causal association of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease with thrombocytopenia in the dog.

Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly observed in humans but are poorly documented in companion animals. Thrombocytopenia is an uncommon but well-documented extraintestinal hematological abnormality in humans; however, there are no previous reports of IBD and concurrent thrombocytopenia in the veterinary literature. Seven dogs having idiopathic IBD and concurrent thrombocytopenia were identified and evaluated retrospectively (this represents an incidence of 2.5% in the authors' IBD population). Obvious known causes for thrombocytopenia were eliminated by diagnostic testing as deemed appropriate by the clinician of record. Thrombocytopenia resolved with treatment for the IBD in some but not all patients. This is similar to reports in humans. Thrombocytopenia typically appears to be subclinical, and the severity does not correlate with the degree of intestinal inflammation defined histopathologically. However, quantitative platelet counts should be monitored during IBD therapy, as additional immunosuppression may be required to treat thrombocytopenia, despite resolution of gastrointestinal signs. It is speculated that thrombocytopenia may be causally associated with canine IBD, possibly secondary to immune stimulation from lumenal bacterial antigens, altered immunological regulation, or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Estimated incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Argentina and Panama (1987-1993).

AIM: to estimate the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in two areas from Panama and Argentina. METHOD: during a 7-year period from 1987 to 1993 we surveyed IBD in two well-defined communities from Panama (District of Colón) and Argentina (Partido General Pueyrredón). The mean annual incidence of IBD was estimated from hospital-based registries. Records from the General Records Department and the endoscopy, radiology and pathology services were reviewed at the Hospital MA Guerrero in Colón and at two other hospitals in Partido General Pueyrredón to identify suspected cases of IBD. Cases were confirmed using standard criteria, and disease incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of cases in which a positive diagnosis could be established by the population served by each hospital. RESULTS: mean annual incidence of ulcerative colitis in Panama was 1.2/100 000 inhabitants/year, and no cases of Crohn's disease (CD) could be diagnosed. Mean annual incidence of IBD in Partido General Pueyrredón was 2.2/100 000 inhabitants/year, with only a single case of CD being identified. We argue that such figures could represent a good estimate of the incidence of IBD in each area, given the wide coverage of the population by the hospitals surveyed in each region. CONCLUSION: according to these results, the incidence rates of IBD seem to be much lower than those published for other "Hispanic" communities outside Latin America. Factors such as population structure, environment or genetic determinants might account for these differences.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Microsatellite instability in inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplastic lesions is associated with hypermethylation and diminished expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene, hMLH1.

Twelve to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers display defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR), manifested as microsatellite instability (MSI). In this group of cancers, promoter hypermethylation of the MMR gene hMLH1 is strongly associated with, and believed to be the cause of, MSI. A subset of colorectal neoplastic lesions arising in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also characterized by MSI. We wished to determine whether hMLH1 hypermethylation was associated with diminished hMLH1 protein expression and MSI in IBD neoplasms. We studied 148 patients with IBD neoplasms, defined as carcinoma or dysplasia occurring in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. MSI was evaluated using multiplex fluorescent PCR to amplify loci D2S123, BAT-25, BAT-26, D5S346, and D17S250 in all cases. Lesions were characterized as high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) if they manifested instability at two or more loci, low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) if unstable at only one locus, or MS-stable (MSS) if showing no instability at any loci. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to determine the methylation status of the hMLH1 promoter region. hMLH1 protein expression was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Thirteen (9%) of 148 neoplasms arising in IBD were MSI-H, comprising 11 carcinomas and 2 dysplastic lesions. Sixteen additional lesions (11%) were MSI-L, comprising 11 carcinomas and 5 dysplastic lesions. The remaining 118 neoplasms (80%) were MSS. Six (46%) of 13 MSI-H, 1 (6%) of 16 MSI-L, and 4 (15%) of 27 MSS lesions showed hMLH1 hypermethylation (P = 0.013). Diminished hMLH1 protein expression in neoplastic cell nuclei relative to surrounding normal cell nuclei was demonstrated immunohistochemically in four of four (100%) hypermethylated lesions tested. In IBD neoplasia, hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation occurs frequently in the setting of MSI, particularly MSI-H. Furthermore, hMLH1 hypermethylation and MSI are strongly associated with diminished hMLH1 protein expression in IBD neoplasms. These findings suggest that hMLH1 hypermethylation causes defective DNA MMR in at least a subset of IBD neoplasms.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2000

Enteric bacteria, lipopolysaccharides and related cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease: biological and clinical significance.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)] are both characterized by an exaggerated immune response at the gut associated lymphoreticular tissue level. Such an abnormal and dysregulated immune response may be directed against luminal and/or enteric bacterial antigens, as also supported by murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) caused by organisms such as Citrobacter rodentium and Helicobacter hepaticus. Bacterial endotoxins or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been detected in the plasma of IBD patients and an abnormal microflora and/or an increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa have been invoked as cofactors responsible for endotoxemia. At the same time, the evidence that phagocytosis and killing exerted by polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes and the T-cell dependent antibacterial activity are decreased in IBD patients may also explain the origin of LPS in these diseases. In IBD, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been detected in elevated amounts in mucosal tissue and/or in peripheral blood, thus suggesting a monocyte/macrophage stimulation by enteric bacteria and/or their constituents (e.g. LPS). On these grounds, in experimental models and in human IBD, anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonists are under investigation for their capacity to neutralize the noxious effects of immune mediators. Finally, the administration of lactobacilli is beneficial in human IBD and, in murine colitis, this treatment leads to a normalization of intestinal flora, reducing the number of colonic mucosal adherent and translocated bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Hematologic aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases].

Anaemia, thrombocytosis are common secondary changes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), reflecting the clinical severity of the IBD cases, too. On the other hand, increased platelet function, fibrinolytic abnormalities, hypercoagulation of IBD patients predispose to thromboembolic events, and they may as well contribute to the local microcirculatory alterations leading to IBD itself. Reduced FXIII levels have been observed in IBD, which seems to be correlated with mucosal repair and might have therapeutic importance, too. Genetic thrombophilia received much attention recently, however, much less is known how frequent they are in IBD, what their clinical significance is, do they modify the clinical course itself. A short, concise review about links between haematology and IBD is given.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed2001

Inflammatory eye, skin, and bowel disease in spondyloarthritis: genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the nature of the interrelationship between inflammatory disease of the spine/joints, skin, eye, and bowel [i.e., ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriasis, iritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)]. METHODS: The study used 4 approaches: (1) analysis of the prevalence of secondary disorders within the AS individual (chi-square and matched pair analysis); (2) study of the temporal relationship between the onset of the different conditions; (3) evaluation of the prevalence of disease among first degree relatives; and (4) influence of secondary disorders on outcome of AS. RESULTS: 1. Among 3287 patients with AS, more than expected had either spondylitis associated with multiple co-disorders or pure AS (with no co-diseases); fewer than expected had AS plus a single co-disease (chi-square = 32.2, p < 0.001). In a matched pair analysis, patients with AS and a secondary disorder were more likely to have an additional concomitant disease, e.g., IBD-AS (n = 335) patients had a higher prevalence of iritis [45.4% vs 36.7%; OR 1.4 (1.1-2.0)] or psoriasis [23.9% vs 14.3%; OR 1.9 (1.3-2.8)] than controls. 2. Among our database subjects, the symptomatic onset of the spinal disease precedes or is contemporaneous with gut, skin, and eye involvement (matched pair t test, p < 0.001). 3. Patients with multiple disorders predict the highest prevalence of co-diseases (i.e., psoriasis, IBD, iritis, or AS) within family members, followed by those AS patients with only IBD, psoriasis, or iritis in descending order. 4. Both psoriasis and IBD increase severity in terrms of function and disease activity of AS in the patient. Radiological change is greatest for those AS subjects with iritis. CONCLUSION: There is a striking overlap within patients and family members of rheumatological, dermatological, and gastroenterological diseases. The susceptibility genes of these co-disorders appear to overlap with each other and with AS: 1. A patient with 2 inflammatory conditions is at an increased risk of developing an additional related inflammatory disorder. 2. Those with enteropathic spondylarthritis would appear to carry the greatest genetic load in terms of first degree relatives developing inflammatory conditions (including psoriasis and iritis that are not seen in the index IBD-AS patient). 3. The secondary disorders do not precede AS (arguing against psoriasis and IBD allowing for an environmental conduit to pathogenic triggers in AS). The susceptibility factors for these inflammatory conditions may be additive or have a synergistic effect on each other. There is evidence for a shared gene hypothesis.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population study (the IBSEN study).

OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence of spondyloarthropathies (SpA) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seen 6 years after IBD diagnosis. METHODS: In a population based cohort of 654 patients with IBD, 521 patients (80%) were investigated, which included a complete rheumatological examination. Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine were performed in 406 of these patients (78%). The development of SpA was analyzed with regard to the presence of HLA-B27, duration of IBD symptoms, and the extent of intestinal inflammation. RESULTS: The occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was 2.6% in ulcerative colitis and 6% in Crohn's disease (p = 0.08), yielding an overall prevalence of 3.7% in IBD. No correlation between localization or extent of the intestinal inflammation and presence of AS was found. HLA-B27 was present in 73% of cases with AS. The overall prevalence of SpA was 22%. Inflammatory back pain without AS (IBP) was found in 18% of the patients. Typical features of SpA were rare, while fibromyalgia was common in IBP, indicating that IBP is not a precursor or manifestation of SpA in patients with IBD. The prevalence of radiological sacroiliitis without clinical features of SpA was 2.0%. CONCLUSION: AS occurred frequently in patients with newly diagnosed IBD. IBP did not seem to predispose to AS or other forms of SpA. The overall prevalence of SpA was 22%, whereas the prevalence of asymptomatic radiological sacroiliitis was low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in the elderly in the province of Liège.

OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are heterogeneous diseases which affect preferentially young adults. The late onset could represent a particular form of expression of these diseases. The aim of our prospective study was to describe the incidence of IBD in patients older than 60 years as well as their clinical pattern in comparison with a population younger than 60. METHODS: A standardized questionnaire for each new case diagnosed in the province of Liège between 01/06/1993 and 31/05/1996 was completed. RESULTS: During the three years, 270 patients were enrolled. In group IBD > 60 years old, there were 60 new cases, including 23 cases with Crohn's disease (CD) (38%), 30 with ulcerative colitis (UC) (50%), and 7 with undetermined colitis (IC) (12%). The proportion of CD was significantly lower in the group IBD > 60 years old than in the group<60 (114 CD (54%), 81 UC (39%) and 15 IC (7%); P=0.04). The annual incidence tended to be higher for UC than for CD in group IBD > 60 (4.5 and 3.5 per 100,000, respectively) while it was the contrary in younger patients (3.4 and 4.8 per 100,000, respectively). There was no striking difference in the clinical features for both diseases in the two groups, except more frequent diarrhea, weight loss and extraintestinal symptoms in CD patients<60 years old. CONCLUSIONS: In the province of Liège, the incidence of IBD in people older than 60 years is high. IBD in the elderly is characterized by a lower proportion of CD than in the younger population. Clinical features tend to be the same whatever the age at diagnosis for each disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic-idiopathic enteropathy in cats--a case control study].

Aim of this study is to clinically, microbiologically and histopathologically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the cat. Nine cats with chronic persistent or intermitent vomitus and diarrhea were examined between 1998 and 2001. All cats had a thuorough diagnostic workup performed. Full thickness biopsies from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were surgically obtained for histopathological examination. Duodenal juice was obtained by direct aspiration for microbiologic qualitative and semiquantitative examination. Seven cats euthanized for other medical reasons were used as controls. Six cats had a lymphoplasmacytic IBD and three an eosinophilic IBD. Four cats with IBD had additional diseases diagnosed. Three cats with IBD had elevated bacterial counts. Retrospectively no correlation could be found between clinical symptoms and histopathological results. Serum TLI was not able to differentiate chronic pancreatitis and IBD. Serum folic acid and cobalamin did not correlate with the distribution of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, no correlation was found between bacterial counts in the proximal duodenum and IBD.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Newer aspects of inflammatory bowel disease and its cutaneous manifestations: a selective review.

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) denotes several types of gastrointestinal disorders characterized by protracted inflammation of the large or small bowel, and a tendency toward relapse or recurrence. The two major groups of IBD are identified as chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD are diverse and may antedate, occur with, or postdate the onset of the disease process itself. Cutaneous diseases such as erythema nodosum or pyoderma gangrenosum are not infrequent, and test the clinician's ability to recognize the underlying bowel pathology and institute appropriate treatment. This selective review will address the immunological pathogenesis of IBD, new or rarely reported skin markers in IBD, drug therapy and side effects, zinc deficiency, management of osteotomy patients, and cutaneous cancer complicating IBD. Although the prognosis of IBD has improved, the role of the dermatologist as a consultant remains invaluable in reducing the attendant cutaneous morbidity.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Impacted lower third molars and periodontal health. An epidemiological, methodological, retrospective and prospective clinical, study.

The main objective of this series of investigations was to study periodontal health of the adjacent second molars (M2) in cases of impacted lower third molars (M3) and after impacted lower third molar surgery. An epidemiological study, comprising 693 dentate individuals, was undertaken in order to obtain the prevalence, impaction and positional relationship of third molars in a normal Swedish population. The prevalence of all third molars in individuals aged 20 years was 77.0%. One in four of the vertically positioned third molars, three in four of the mesioangular, nine in ten of the distoangular and all those horizontally placed were impacted to some extent. 68.5% of the impacted third molars were in close proximity to the root of the adjacent second molars. In order to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the radiographic assessment of intrabony defects (IBD), i.e. the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the bottom of the pocket to firm osseous contact, on the distal surface of M2, a methodological study was performed on 25 subjects. Using conventional free hand technique, intraoral radiographs were taken in the deepest part of IBD with and without a probe as indicator. Comparing the two sets of radiographs, the deviation was 1 mm or less in 87.9% of the cases. The radiopaque marker enhanced the accuracy of assessment of IBD to 96.7%. The effects of impacted lower third molar surgery on periodontal tissues of the M2 area were investigated in a retrospective clinical study comprising 215 subjects. The results two years postoperatively showed a higher prevalence of plaque, gingivitis and periodontal pockets on the distal surface of M2 than on other surfaces of the two molars adjacent to the extraction site. IBD greater than or equal to 4 mm were registered in 32.1% of the cases. The long term effects on periodontal tissues after impacted lower third molar surgery was investigated in a comparative retrospective study, two and four years postoperatively, comprising 51 cases. The improvement concerning postoperative IBD, between the two examinations, was mainly seen in individuals less than or equal to 25 years of age. No case in this age group increased in depth, while 29.6% of postoperative IBD deteriorated in individuals greater than or equal to 26 years. A multiple regression analysis was used to identify some predictors of postoperative IBD, and the material consisted of the 215 cases from the retrospective study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Proportion of genome shared identical by descent by relatives: concept, computation, and applications.

One widely used measure of genetic similarity for pairs of relatives is gene identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing. Genes that are copies of a single gene in a common ancestor of the individuals who now carry them are said to be IBD. One obvious extension of the IBD concept is IBD gene(s) shared by more than two individuals. In this paper, I further extend the gene IBD concept to the proportion of genomes shared IBD by every member of a group of relatives. Genome may refer either to the entire autosomal genome or to one or more chromosomal segments or regions with known lengths. Consideration of a genome instead of one or two loci has several advantages. I present a model to describe the crossover process, based on the work of K. P. Donnelly. On the basis of this model, I give a mathematical definition of the proportion of genome shared IBD by relatives, or IBDP for short. Since the distribution of the IBDP is in general very difficult to determine, and since in most applications the mean and variance of the IBDP will suffice, I then provide a method for computing the first two moments of the IBDP. Applications to assessing gene survival, to genetic resemblance between two relatives, and to gene mapping are illustrated with examples. Finally, I discuss the utility of the IBDP in other areas.

Analysis of Variance↗