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PubMed1997

Intestinal helminths and their influence on the indicators of iron status in the elderly.

The intestinal helminthiasis and hematological status was assessed in 100 elderly residents of two low-land communities, one at sea-level and the other at 61; m, equally representative of men and women. These are beth low-income communities. The population showed a 48% helminth infection rate which consisted of hookworm, Trichuris, and Ascaris infection. The prevalence of each of the individual parasites was considered light to moderate and the intensity of infection was generally low in this population. A strong inverse association between intensity of hookworm infection and hemoglobin levels was observed but only at intensities greater than 2,000 eggs/gram feces. Lower intensities of infection had no apparent influence on hematological status. The evaluation of hematological status using hematocrit and hemoglobin showed different prevalences of risk of anemia of 14.1% and 43.8%, respectively. These differences may reflect the chosen cut-off values. Iron deficiency does not appear to be a major problem in this population with only 5% or 11% having absent stores using the low and high cut-off values of circulating serum ferritin, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Prevalence of intestinal helminths in three regions of Minas Gerais State].

A parasitological assay of feces, through the Kato-Katz method, was undertaken in 18,973 schoolchildren (7 to 14 years old), at primary school level, from a public school of the State of Minas Gerais. Three mesoregions were studied: Tri ngulo Mineiro/ Alto Para ba ( 60 municipalities); northwest Minas Gerais (13) and south/south-west regions of Minas Gerais (144). Among the examined children, 15,545 (82%) were negative; 2,863 (15%) were infected with a single species of helminthes and 565 (3%) were infected by more than one species. The prevalence rates were: A. lumbricoides 10.3%; T. trichiura 4.7%; hookworm 2.9%; E. vermicularis 1.2%; H. nana 0.4% and Taenia sp 0.2%. The largest helminthes prevalence/mesoregion were for T. trichiura (24.2%) and A. lumbricoides (18.7%) in the south/south-west region; hookworm (12.1%) and Taenia sp (0.7%) in the northwest region of Minas Gerais. Intestinal helminthiasis is still regarded as a serious public health problem, including regions where the socio-economic conditions are more favorable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Intestinal helminthic infestation in children.

In this study of fecal samples from 1000 children below 6 years of age, 680 (68.0%) detected to have intestinal helminthic infection. The incidence of intestinal helminthiasis in urban group of children was 56.8% (284 out of 500 tested) while in rural group of children was 79.2% (396 out of 500 tested). Both in rural and urban population Ascaris lumbricoides was the single predominant species, whereas a combination of A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was common multiple infection. All cultures of fecal samples positive for hook worm ova revealed the prevalent species as Necator americanus in this area.

Ascariasis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological surveillance of parasitic diseases in the republic of Armenia].

Parasitic diseases play a very important role in the regional pathology of Armenia. Malaria was completely eradicated in Armenia in 1963; the malaria-free status was maintained till 1994. At present, the populations of the Ararat, Armavir, and Tavush regions of Armenia are at a potential risk for malaria. Nowadays, 6 species of Anopheles mosquitoes are spreading in Armenia. An analysis of many years' official statistics on the number of individuals infected with intestinal helminthiases and a retrospective analysis of those in 1986-2001 were made to study the current epidemiological laws on intestinal helminthiases. The infection rates of ascariasis, trichocephaliasis, enterobiasis, teniasis, and mixed infection were 4.0 +/- 0.4, 1.2 +/- 0.2, 25.9 +/- 1.0, 0.2 +/- 0.08, and 0.8 +/- 0.2%, respectively. Those of intestinal helminthiasis were higher in rural areas than those in urban areas and in Yerevan. The above fact makes it necessary to work out a new, comprehensive, scientifically-grounded parasitological service adjustable to the present new socioeconomic conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Impact of a filariasis control program on intestinal helminthic infections; a pilot study in Narathiwat Province, Thailand.

This study was conducted in 9 villages located in endemic areas for brugian filariasis in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Parasitological and anthropometric examinations were cross-sectionally performed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of 539 villagers. Paired stool samples were collected before and after mass treatment for the filariasis control program in 150 participants in order to study the impact of the filariasis control program on intestinal helminthiasis. The results found that 50.3% of the villagers were infected with one or more types of intestinal parasites. Double and triple infections were found in 10.9% and 1.6% of infected individuals respectively. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections peaked in the 1-10 year old age-group, which are pre-school and young school-age children. A significant reduction of intestinal helminthic infections in the post-treatment stool sample was observed in the 150 participants who were examined six months after mass treatment. Integrating an intestinal helminthic control program alongside the existing filariasis control program would be an appropriate and cost-effective strategy in the control of intestinal helminths. However, reinfection of parasites was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of multiple intestinal helminths among children in a rural community.

Impairment of physical and mental development has been identified as deleterious effects of helminthic infection. As a result, there have been concerted efforts to control this group of diseases especially among children who are most vulnerable. However, knowing the prevalence of multiple infections will strengthen or otherwise justify the use of broad spectrum antihelminthics in the prophylaxis and treatment of intestinal helminthes among children. This study was carried out in a farming community with no tarred access road, electricity or pipe-borne water. The diagnosis of intestinal helminthes was by Kato-Katz thick smear examination technique. One hundred and seventy stool samples from 88 male and 82 female children were examined. The mean age of the children was 8 +/- 1.6years. One hundred and sixteen of 170 (68.2%) of the study volunteers had one intestinal helminthic infection or the other. Co-infection by more than one helminth was not uncommon and this occurred in 49.1% of the infected population while 35.4%, 11.2% and 2.6% had double, triple and quadruple infections respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm were the most common combinations observed in the study 52.6%, followed by the combination of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura 17.5%. The triad of A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura accounted for 12.3% among the multiply infected population. However, quadruple infection with A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T. trichliura and E. vernlicularis had 2.6% prevalence rate among the study population. Ascaris lumbricoides is the most prevalent among all the children, with a prevalence of 81.6%, 63.3% and 52.4% among children aged 12 -17years, 6-11 years and 0-5 years respectively. In conclusion, the presence of multiple infections especially of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm in almost 26% of the study population and multiple infections in 49.1% of the infected population justified the use of broadspectrum antihelminthics in the management of helminthiasis among school children of the rural community. Thus treatment and mass chemotherapy directed at school children will be a step in the right direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Bowel parasites and faecal eosinophilia].

The staining of polynuclear eosinophils (PE) in the stools, easily performed and adapted from the technique of WHEATLEY, presents important advantages over the May-Grünwald-Giemsa: less colouring of the bacteria, no dissolution of the lipids, less importance of the stools pH. The stools samples must show mucus or have a soft, loose or liquid consistency: the polynuclear eosinophils are preserved in stools for 1 year and more, which allows if necessary to postpone for a few days the direct examination. The PE are found among patients having a helminthiasis or an intestinal coccidiosis in half of the cases, whereas they are not found in other intestinal protozoosis. They are also found among patients having an intestinal allergy. Faecal eosinophilia reveals an intestinal eosinophilia of the tissue and is influenced by several factors in particular: importance, duration, repetition of the infestation. It allows the observation of many elements related to the mechanism of eosinophilia, not to be found in blood eosinophilia, in particular the release of the eosinophil granule, the formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals and the presence of lipid bodies similar to those of stearrhoea.

Coccidiosis↗
PubMed2006

[Development of novel antihelminthic therapies].

Since existing medications are effective, easy-to-use and well tolerated, research in the treatment of helminthiasis in humans seems to be at a standstill. However this type of parasitic infection is still a major public-health concern and heavy socioeconomic burden in many countries. Despite observance of the first disturbing signs of resistance, release of new antihelminthics on the market (e.g. nitazoxanide and tribendimidine) remains slow. Treatment using drug combinations offers an alternative for therapeutic failure in some cases. Ongoing studies focusing on development of a vaccine, on adaptation of medications used in veterinary medicine or on the action of medicinal plants hold forth hope of finding effective new treatments.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of diagnostic yield and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The major indication of small bowel capsule endoscopy is the diagnostics of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. The present retrospective study was aimed to analyze the diagnostic yield, positive and negative predictive values and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 36 month period at two workplaces 66 capsule endoscopy studies were performed in 62 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who had undergone non-diagnostic upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Capsule video recordings were evaluated by two investigators at both workplaces. Capsule endoscopy findings were divided into 3 groups according to the bleeding source: definitive bleeding source (48 patients), uncertain bleeding potential (5 patients), and negative finding (8 patient). Patients after capsule endoscopy were followed-up until a mean of 20 (1-41) months. RESULTS: A definitive small bowel bleeding source was detected in 78.7% of the cases studied by capsule endoscopy. Definitive bleeding sources included angiodysplasia (28 cases), small bowel Crohn's disease (5 cases), small bowel tumor (5 cases), small bowel stenosis (2 cases), NSAID therapy related ulcer (1 case), non-specific inflammation (1 case) and helminthiasis (1 case) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of capsule endoscopy studies were 95.8% and 84.6% respectively. In cases with definitive bleeding sources 72% of patients received therapy in accordance with capsule endoscopy findings (surgery in 18 patients, medical treatment modification in 16 patients, chemoembolisation in 1 patient). During the follow-up period 17.7% of the patients had rebleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy is a useful and effective diagnostic method in cases with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Effective therapy may be introduced in accordance with the majority of positive capsule endoscopy results.

Angiodysplasia↗
PubMed1991

[Anatomopathologic diagnosis of parasitosis in Congo].

In the part ten years, 9,650 anatomopathologic examinations have been carried out in the National Laboratory of Histopathology for Public Health in Brazzaville: 250 cases of parasitic infestation were diagnosed. In order of frequency were noted; 144 cases of bilharzia due to Schistosoma haematobium with 75 genito-urinary localisations and 51 appendicular cases, 31 cases of onchocercosis with a majority of subcutaneous nodules (17), 17 cases of digestive helminthiasis all locate in the ileo-caecal-appendix and discovered during systematic appendicular exploration, 13 cases of colitic or recto-sigmoidal amebiasis. These results point out 68 cases of appendicular parasitism. This should be in favour of more systematic anatomopathological examination of the ileo-caecal appendix both in tropical and in temperate regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Secondary amyloidosis in amebiasis with intrathoracic complications of amebic liver abscess combined with helminthiases and maduromycosis].

One case of a secondary amyloidosis in amebiasis with intrathoracic complications of amebic liver abscesses in association with strongyloidiasis, enterobiasis, bancroftian filariasis and maduromycosis is described. It's suggested that the progression of secondary amyloidosis was due to the prolonged process of amebiasis in association with helminthiasis and mycosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1990

Association between intestinal parasitoses and nutritional status in 3-8-year-old children in northeast Thailand.

To assess the prevalence and species of intestinal parasitoses and to evaluate the effects of parasitic infections on the nutritional health of northeastern Thai children a survey was carried out among 343 urban and rural 3-8-year-olds in Sakon Nakhon province. Approximately 57% suffered from single or multiple helminthiasis (ancylostomiasis (AD), ascariasis (AL), opisthorchiasis (OV) and/or strongyloidiasis (SS)) and/or giardiasis (GL). In rural areas the prevalence of AD and SS was higher than in urban areas (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). OV was found more frequently among 6-8-year olds (18%) than among 3-5-year olds (5%); among 3-5-year olds the prevalence of GL was higher than among 6-8-year olds (17 vs 8%). Multiple infections were observed in 13% of the children. Infected children showed lower daily intakes of protein, iron and riboflavin as well as lower menas for haemoglobin, haematocrit, serum ferritin, and Z-score height for age than non-infected children. The prevalence of stunted children was lower among non-infected children (32%) than among infected children (53%), and children with AL (49%), SS (55%), and GL (45%). Anaemia was found more frequently among the infected children (59%) and GL-children (61%) than among non-infected children (42%). Inadequate daily intake of energy and nutrients of most of the children, in combination with parasitic infections, still common in rural northeast Thailand, was shown to result in a serious public health problem.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Is filariasis a trigger for bronchial asthma?

Many Sri Lankan children with cough and wheeze and peripheral blood eosinophilia are treated with diethyl carbamazine (D.E.C.) on the assumption that filaria is the cause. We tried to establish whether filaria can trigger asthma and whether D.E.C. improves bronchial reactivity. In 35 symptomatic and 22 asymptomatic children peripheral blood eosinophil counts, filarial antibody test, stool examination, chest radiography, allergy skin tests and histamine inhalation tests were performed before and after treatment with D.E.C. Most of the symptomatic children were atopic; 1/3 of all children had helminthiasis, positive filarial antibodies and total eosinophil counts of greater than 2,000. Ten children had chest radiographs suggestive of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Only in those with intermittent symptoms was there a marked improvement in bronchial reactivity after D.E.C., but baseline peak expiratory flow (P.E.F.) improved in all symptomatic groups. We conclude that 1/3 of the children had filariasis which in an atopic individual may trigger asthma. Both the anti-inflammatory and the anti-filarial action of D.E.C. probably contribute to improvement of bronchial reactivity.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

Intestinal parasitic infestation in rural communities: a focus for primary health care in Nigeria.

A study carried out in four villages in two local government areas of Oyo State in the southwestern part of Nigeria, revealed that intestinal helminthiasis is still very prevalent in Nigeria. Ascaris is the most common helminth encountered and multiple infestation is also quite common. Schoolchildren and pre-school children are the greatest sufferers of Ascaris, while students and farmers are the greatest target for hookworm. The usefulness of a community-based distribution programme of health services using trained traditional birth attendants and voluntary health workers for data collection and distribution of antihelminth drugs is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Helminthiases among the population of northwestern Siberia. 1. Opisthorchiasis and mixed invasion in the native inhabitants of the Ob River basin and their clinical course].

The use of multifactor statistic analysis for screening population of the northern part of the Ob river basin for helminthiasis allowed the authors to reveal a significant feedback between manifested opisthorchiasis and other types of this disease course in both sexes. The main component analysis indicates that the tentatively control group of males is presented by adolescents (14-17 years old) who are likely to be infected with Opisthorchis without evidence of its clinical manifestations. The correlation analysis demonstrated also a direct relationship between the age and manifest opisthorchiasis, as well as double mixed invasion of males (r-0.15 and 0.26, p less than 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). The first three main components explain about 55% variance in the correlation matrix of initial parameters and allow to reveal the variance source, taking into account, along with differentiation of 4 groups of opisthorchiasis patients, also the age- and sex-dependent combination of opisthorchiasis with other helminthic invasions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Opportunistic aspects of parasitosis].

Parasitosis opportunist are becoming clearer thanks to a better knowledge of immunological mechanisms, especially in AIDS. Child immunological immaturity and corticotherapy are the two other main immunodeficiencies among opportunist parasitosis. For the protozoosis, coccidiosis (especially toxoplasmosis), cryptosporidiosis, but isosporosis too and microsporidiosis represent a privileged group among opportunistic infections. Among adult, leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum is an opportunist parasistosis, favoured by corticotherapy or AIDS, but among children, it is the child's immunological immaturity which is involved in the immunodeficiency. Babesia occurs among splenectomized people. Giardiasis is more frequent and more severe among IgA immunodeficiencies especially secretories IgA. Among helminthiasis, generalised strongyloidiasis is very severe among patients under corticotherapy, but AIDS is not involved.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Intestinal parasitic diseases of school children in the Republic of Niger].

Coprologic surveys realized in schoolchildren in a few western areas of the Republic of Niger provided the following results. Concerning protozoa, the prevalence of amebiasis-infestation is strong in all the studies areas, giardiasis is more frequent in dry areas. As for the helminths, Hymenolepsis nana is met everywhere, the prevalence of ancylostomiasis decreases gradually from the south to the north and the endemic area of Schistosoma mansoni is limited to the extreme south of the country. The other helminthiasis are rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual case of hyper-production of IgE, treated by plasmapheresis.

A 15-year-old boy with severe inflammatory skin lesions from an early age was found to have extremely elevated serum IgE levels (up to 376.000 IU/ml). His skin showed positive direct immunofluorescence for IgE and he had peripheral and bone marrow eosinophilia. No evidence for atopic disease was found, but he suffered intestinal helminthic infection of moderate intensity. He showed a somewhat depressed cell mediated immune response but a normal polymorphonuclear function. Various treatments that included anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-parasitic, anti-mycotic and PUVA therapy did not significantly improve his condition A therapeutic test using plasmapheresis produced marked, though short-lived clinical improvement. We believe that this case might result from the superimposition of the stimulatory effects of intestinal helminthiasis on a background of intrinsic hyper-production of IgE.

Adolescent↗