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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effect of trazodone in a single dose before bedtime for sleep disorders accompanied by a depressive state: dose-finding study with no concomitant use of hypnotic agent.

This was the first dose-finding study of trazodone that was designed to be free of the concomitant use of hypnotics, in which the drug was administered in a single dose for sleep disorders combined with a depressive state. As a result, trazodone at the dosage of 50-100 mg/day improved sleep disorders, particularly at the 100 mg/day dosage. It was confirmed that trazodone improved sleep disorders combined with a depressive state when it was administered in a single dose before bedtime with no concomitant hypnotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of testosterone, trazodone and hypnotic suggestion in the treatment of non-organic male sexual dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of hypnotic suggestions or the administration of testosterone or trazodone to impotent men with no detectable organic cause for the impotence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 79 men in whom clinical and laboratory examinations revealed no organic cause for their impotence: 20 men (mean age 38.7 +/- 11.47 years) received testosterone, 21 men (mean age 39.5 +/- 10.73 years) received trazodone, 20 men (mean age 34.2 +/- 11.69 years) underwent hypnosis and 18 men (mean age 39.1 +/- 11.46 years) served as controls. They were assessed by interview 4, 6 and 8 weeks after starting treatment: the patient's reports were verified by interviewing their partners. RESULTS: Men who received a placebo had a 39% improvement in sexual function, while the rates of improvement in the treated groups were higher, but not significantly so. The success rates of testosterone and trazodone treatment and hypnotic suggestions were 60%, 67% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although the improvement was not statistically significant, treatment with testosterone and trazodone could be used as an adjuvant therapy in nonorganic male sexual dysfunction. The only treatment superior to placebo seemed to be hypnosis. A more effective treatment may be obtained by combining these therapeutic modalities, but this needs further study.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Polysomnographic evaluation of the hypnotic effect of Valeriana edulis standardized extract in patients suffering from insomnia.

Valeriana edulis ssp. procera, commonly known as "valeriana mexicana", is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. To evaluate the hypnotic effect and safety of 450 mg of Valeriana edulis standardized hydroalcoholic extract in patients with insomnia, a double-blind, cross-over, controlled study was carried out. Valeriana officinalis extract, at the same doses, was used as a positive control. In a sleep laboratory, polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were performed for analyzing the quantity and architecture of sleep as well as evaluating morning sleepiness, memory quotient, and side effects. The experimental procedures were conducted on four consecutive nights of 8 h each. Twenty patients were admitted. Based on the PSG results, V. edulis reduced the number of awaking episodes while both treatments increased the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep; this last parameter was better improved by V. officinalis extract. Other PSG data did not achieve outstanding statistical differences, but the clinical tendency with both treatments was to increase the sleep efficiency index. These Valeriana extracts produced beneficial effects on sleep architecture because they diminished the time of stages 1 and 2 in non-REM sleep while they increased delta sleep. Validated clinical tests showed that both species reduced notoriously the morning sleepiness, that was further improved by V. officinalis extract, and did not affect anterograde memory. In only three cases were slight side effects observed, one due to the experimental extract. Chemical analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract of V. edulis indicated that this extract contains 0.26 % of dihydroisovaltrate as the main valepotriate, and that it does not contain valerenic acid. In general, the results support the hypnotic effect and safety of acute treatment of Valeriana edulis and Valeriana officinalis on patients suffering insomnia.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Swedish norms for the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.

This article examines the norms for a Swedish adaptation of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) (Shor & Orne, 1962). In total, 291 subjects (199 females and 92 males) participated in the study. Comparisons are made between the Swedish sample and reference samples, which include English versions of the HGSHS:A from the United States and Australia, as well as 5 translated versions from Italy, Finland, Denmark, Spain, and Germany. In the Swedish sample, females scored significantly higher than males. Generally, however, the normative data from the Swedish sample are congruent with the reference samples and therefore can be used as a tool for initial screening of hypnotic susceptibility in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hypnotic techniques for smoking control and psychogenic impotence.

In the past 35 years I have used a variety of hypnotic techniques to help patients stop smoking. The most successful method has been to see the patient for 3 consecutive days with a follow-up session about 3 weeks later. With this technique, about 81% of patients stopped smoking. Psychogenic impotence has many possible causes and must be approached with an understanding of the dynamics involved. However, hypnotic suggestions can be helpful in restoring erectile function. I have used the technique described here with almost 3000 patients with a success rate of 88%.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1990

The hypnotic relationship and the holographic paradigm.

The holographic paradigm is a recently constructed model of consciousness derived from neuropsychology and quantum physics. It views the processing of mental forms as occurring within the context of a part/whole relationship, where the identified part exists within the code of the whole. In this paper I have applied this paradigm to the hypnotic relationship, viewing the hypnotic process as an undulation of form and transitional states and proposing the holographic paradigm as a cutting edge to understand the curative processes in hypnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Some conditions of compliance and resistance among hypnotic subjects.

Five experimental approaches to the resolution of the century-old Bernheim/Janet dispute and the issue of involuntariness or coercion (the classical suggestion effect) are presented. Four experiments are reported that follow one of the approaches: attempts to induce hypnotic subjects to resist suggestions made in trance. The design is one in which a "resistance instructor" proposes a reward for the resisting subject. Tentative inferences from the results are that the classical suggestion effect is found with a small number of subjects; for a larger number of subjects there is no classical suggestion effect, and for many subjects the outcome is equivocal. Relational factors in the hypnotic dyad influence responsiveness in the subject, the effect being least for those whose susceptibility is high.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hypnotic age regression and the autokinetic effect.

Based on research with children, we hypothesized that hypnotically age-regressed adult subjects would respond differentially across stimuli conditions on the autokinetic illusion. We assigned 18 highly susceptible subjects, assessed on the Harvard Group Susceptibility Scale, to one of three treatment groups: waking control, standard hypnotic induction, and age regression. Three target shapes, a control stimulus (circle), a representational stimulus (profile of a man), and a symbolic stimulus (cross) were presented. Results failed to show reinstatement of childlike performance on this perceptual illusion. The conceptual and empirical implications for future age-regression studies on memory, perception, and emotion are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Working hypnotically with deaf people.

Little attention has been given to the utilization of hypnosis with deaf people. In a recent study, we compared objective and subjective responses to two different hypnotic induction techniques by deaf and hearing undergraduate women. We presented hypnosis techniques orally to hearing subjects and visually, using sign-language, to deaf subjects. Results from this study failed to reveal any significant differences on objective or self-report levels of trance depth between the two populations. Our purpose in this article is to examine the similarities and differences of the induction process and hypnotic responses, including trance indicators, between deaf and hearing subjects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Owls and larks in hypnosis: individual differences in hypnotic susceptibility relating to biological rhythms.

In 1986 Coleman developed the Owl and Lark Questionnaire to differentiate morning people from evening people, with owl individuals being more alert during the evening phase and lark individuals being more alert during the morning phase. Rossi has hypothesized that the bimodal peaks of hypnotizability found by Aldrich and Bernstein in 1987 were caused by alterations in owl and lark circadian rhythms. In the current study I used the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A to test compliance with hypnotic suggestions among 42 graduate students at three times of the day: in the morning, in the evening, and, as a control, in the middle of the night. Owls were more hypnotizable than larks in the morning, and larks were also significantly more hypnotizable in the evening than owls. There was no difference between the two groups in the middle of the night. A possible implication of this study is that one fundamental mechanism of therapeutic hypnosis is the entrainment of psychobiological rhythms.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The dialogue technique of hypnotic induction.

In this paper we describe a technique of hypnotic induction, using a dialogue between two hypnotists. It combines, in principle, the utilization of the patient's unconscious resources (utilization principle) and verbal confusion (confusion principle) to evoke hypnotic responses. The process of the trance induction in the dialogue technique comprises four major stages: (1) preinduction verbal set, (2) unconscious access and utilization, (3) trance ratification and deepening, and (4) trance termination. Clinical experience suggests that the dialogue technique can "mask" the effect of confusion and produce trance states "spontaneously" for patients. Following the theoretical and methodological description of the technique, we also discuss appropriate clinical applications and a case example using the dialogue technique.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Risk management in hypnotic recall of near-death experiences.

A substantial number of people facing physical and/or psychological crisis report having a near-death experience (NDE) involving a subjectively real experience of an alternate reality. Where NDE content is associated with positive emotions, benefit might be gained by hypnotic recall of the NDE, yet such recall might involve possible risk in the form of reactivation of the original crisis. In this article we describe a study involving hypnotic recall of positive NDEs by one male and five female subjects. We describe in detail some procedures to minimize risk, including a hypnosis protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Psychophysiological and clinical implications of the coincidence of high hypnotic ability and high neuroticism during threat perception in somatization disorders.

The electrodermal response to cognitive threat of unhypnotized female patients with somatic symptoms and high on both hypnotic ability and neuroticism (H-H) was found to be significantly higher (p < .01) than that of a matched group of female patients moderate on hypnotic ability and low on neuroticism (M-L). On verbal report the H-H and the M-L groups did not differ, but they were significantly different on a measure of self-deception (L scale) or repression. The above findings are consistent with predictions from the High Risk Model of Threat Perception (HRMTP), which states that people in the H-H group are both chronically and acutely more reactive to threat than the people in the M-L group. This finding may have important theoretical, clinical, and financial implications for the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of somatization disorders seen in primary medical care.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A short unobtrusive hypnotic induction for assessing hypnotizability: II. Clinical case reports.

Three clinical cases illustrating the use of a brief hypnotic-assessment procedure (HAP) utilizing the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI) (Pekala, 1982, 1991c) are presented. The PCI-HAP consists of a 20-minute induction procedure, a short debriefing interview, and completion of the PCI by the client after the session. The procedure allows for the assessment of a client's hypnotizability level in a manner that is relatively unobtrusive and that generates phenomenological data to begin to help tailor a hypnotic intervention to the client. The use of the PCI-HAP for the three cases reviewed suggests that it can provide useful information about a client's hypnotizability level that I find helpful in treating the client in a private-practice setting.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Hypnotic amnesia and learning: a dissociation interpretation.

The effect of hypnotically induced amnesia on positive transfer learning was examined within the conceptual framework of dissociation theory. An Experimental group learned two paired-associates word lists that contained highly similar (between the two lists) stimulus words. After learning the first list, subjects were given suggestions for amnesia for that list. Control group 1 learned the same two lists without amnesia suggestions. Control group 2, with amnesia suggestions following the first list, learned two lists that contained dissimilar stimulus words. All subjects remained hypnotized throughout the session. Positive transfer between the two lists was demonstrated for the Experimental group and for Control group 1, but not for Control group 2. The results are viewed as consistent with predictions from dissociation theory.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1996

In search of predictors of hypnotic sequelae.

The present one-group correlational study was an attempt to examine questionnaire data that included medical and psychosocial histories and an inventory of fears, social problems, and previous stressful situations in an effort to determine if any predictors of negative sequelae to hypnosis would emerge. After completing questionnaires, undergraduates (n = 432) were administered a group hypnotic susceptibility scale, then were given sequelae questionnaires to complete within two hours, and another two days later. Significant correlations were obtained between occurrence of aftereffects and susceptibility score, number of somatic complaints, and number of previous stressful situations. Results are discussed in the context of the overall ability of these data to predict hypnotic sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The interrupt distraction procedure: a brief hypnotic intervention for belief change and diminishing distress.

The Interrupt Distraction Procedure (IDP) is a brief therapeutic technique for cognitive and emotional change. It is comprised of a hypnotic induction, several 20-sec iterations during which the person concentrates on distressing thoughts or imagery or a thought they would like to believe, as well as on a neutral distracting image. It is simple to administer for clinicians familiar with other hypnotic techniques. IDP is useful when a change in beliefs is desired by a client, but some internal process is preventing such a change, and it lessens concomitant distress. It appears to be a simple therapeutic intervention that decreases emotional reactions that accompany certain thoughts or imagery providing some alleviation of symptoms in somatoform, mood and anxiety disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The benefits of working with a "dead" patient: hypnotically facilitated pseudo near-death experiences.

The literature on near-death experiences is consistent in describing how such events are typically transformative. Utilizing standard hypnotic techniques, therapists can approximate many of the therapeutic aspects of such experiences, without the life-or-death crisis, to facilitate both first and second order change in psychotherapy. This article explores the use of hypnotically facilitated waking dreams as an interactive projective technique. The focus is on the varied ways that the dream components that correlate with near-death experiences can evoke durable change.

Adult↗