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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Ophthalmic fluorescein angiography.

Ophthalmic fluorescein angiography is an important clinical procedure used to investigate and document the status of the retinal and choroidal vascular systems. Administered intravenously and followed by rapid-sequence serial photographs, the fluorescein dye produces an angiographic display that is used to visualize and document retinal blood flow dynamics while recording the integrity of the inner blood-retinal barriers and the fine details of the retinal pigment epithelium. It is an important diagnostic and research tool, and has the added advantage of serving to illustrate the manner in which the retina and choroid respond to disease. More visual resolution is possible with this diagnostic procedure than with others, and it is a valuable adjunct to stereoscopic fundus biomicroscopy and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. The procedure has further utility in determining the suitability for laser photocoagulation surgery in macular and retinal vascular disease states. Ophthalmic angiography is also applicable the anterior segment, where it is employed as a research tool in the evaluation of conjunctival, episcleral, corneal, and especially iris blood vessels. Anterior segment use of fluorescein angiography has yet to become a prevalent clinical tool; rather, it currently has more extensive application through research, in developing a better understanding of the nature of anterior segment disorders.

Fluorescein Angiography↗
PubMed1995

[The study of correlation between hemorrheology and fluorescein angiography in open-angle glaucoma].

PURPOSE: To observe the correlation between hemorrheology and arm-retinal filling time of fluorescein angiogaphy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: The whole blood apparent viscosity in high (125 S-1), moderate (23 S-1) and low (1.2435 S-1) shear rates, plasma viscosity and hematocrit were measured in 50 cases (50 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma whose intraocular pressures were controlled. They also underwent fluorescein angiography. The duration from arm to retina arteria filling was named arm-retinal arteria filling time. RESULTS: There were positive correlation between the whole blood apparent viscosity in high and moderate shear rates, hematocrit and arm-retinal arteria filling time (P < 0.05-0.005). The higher blood viscosity, the longer arm-retinal arteria filling time. CONCLUSION: The blood viscosity in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma can affect the arm-retinal arteria filling time of fluorescein angiography. So, the increasing blood viscosity in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma can reduce the blood supply to the optic disc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The Fuchs' spot: an ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic study.

A correlation of funduscopic and fluorescein angiographic findings in the Fuchs' spot of high myopia is presented. A variety of ophthalmoscopic changes indicate that both serous and hemorrhagic detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina are associated with this lesion. Fluorescein angiography, however, reveals subretinal reovascularization from the choroid as the basic underlying disease in most cases reviewed. Wide variations in the ophthalmoscopic appearance of the pigmented maculopathy of high myopia necessitate a more descriptive approach than that indicated by the term "Fuchs' spot." Fluorescein angiography becomes a necessity to delineate neovascular lesions as paracentral tufts may possibly be treated with laser photocoagulation to reduce progression.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of sodium fluorescein wash-in time constants in subjects with peripheral vascular disease.

The authors developed a noninvasive two-channel dynamic dermofluorometer that can quantitatively follow the rapid skin wash-in kinetics of a fluorescent dye to provide an assessment of local skin perfusion. The dermofluorometer was tested in normal subjects and diabetic patients with and without peripheral vascular disease. After an intravenous injection of 1-2 mL of a 10% solution of sodium fluorescein (1.1-2.8 mg/kg), the fluorescent signal was monitored from two sites on the skin surfaces of the forearm and foot. A 3.2-mm-diameter glass fiberoptic bundle was used both to transmit the excitation light (489 nm) and to receive the fluorescent emission (517 nm). Dermofluorometer readings were recorded approximately every second for 10-15 minutes following the injection. The time course of the fluorescein signal intensity was fit to a single exponential curve characterized by a wash-in time constant. There was no significant difference in arm wash-in time constants. Foot wash-in time constants were increased in diabetic patients who had past histories of foot ulcers relative to diabetic patients without a history of foot ulcers (3.2 vs 1.6 min., p < 0.05). Foot wash-in time constants were decreased in diabetic patients who had active infected foot ulcers. This study demonstrates the ability of the dynamic dermofluorometer to measure wash-in constants that reflect the local skin perfusion in less than 15 minutes after a low intravenous dose of sodium fluorescein.

Fiber Optic Technology↗
PubMed1998

[High-speed recording of fluorescein fundus angiography using an argon laser as the illumination source].

We constructed a new fluorescein fundus angiography system using a speedy and sensitive fundus camera and an argon laser apparatus as the illumination source. The system consists of a fluorescein fundus camera, a high-speed camera, a digital recorder, an argon laser apparatus, and a cathode ray tube(CRT)monitor. The frame speed was 200 frames/s. It was possible to record high speed fluorescein angiography with lower illumination by using an argon laser as the illumination source. This system allowed us to measure the rate of blood flow in the retinal vessels because it easily detected the dye front in the retinal vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Observation of the epicerebral microcirculation studied by fluorescein angiography (author's transl)].

Fluorescein angiography was carried out by modification of method as described by Feindel et al. The hemisphere was widely exposed to allow visualization of surface blood vessels. In the experimental room, the dye was injected rapidly either through a fine polyethylen catheter placed in the lingual artery or thorough the cannula in the femoral vein. For "lingual" angiography 1.6 ml of 1% sodium fluorescein were used, while for "femoral" angiography, 4 ml of 10% solution were injected. In the operating room 4 ml of 1% sodium fluorescein are rapidly injected into an internal carotid catheter. Serial photographs of the passage of the dye through the surface vessels of the hemisphere were taken with a motor-drive Nikon camera at interval of 0.4 seconds, or longer when indicated, starting at the time of the injection. The shutter was synchronized with the discharge of a rapid re-charging stroboscopic light. A wratten gelatin filter 47A (Kodak) was used over the light and a Nikon filter Y52 over the camera lens for Kodak high speed ektachrome film to obtain color photographs. The timing of the interval between photographs was measured to within in 0.4 seconds by recording from a ink written oscillography synchronized with the shutter. Thus the velocity of flow in individual vessels could be calculated from the serial photographs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative image sequence analysis of fundus fluorescein angiography.

Interpretation of retinal angiographic studies has heretofore been largely qualitative. The temporal properties associated with fluorescein fluorescence of normal and pathologic fundus features are quantified to potentiate pixel assignment and fundus feature quantitation for clinical studies where precise image metrology is vital. Fluorescein angiography studies were digitized, and temporally sequential images were spatially registered with polynomial warping algorithms, allowing for the construction of a three-dimensional angiogram vector. Temporal profiles through spatially registered, temporally sequential pixels were computed. Fundus feature fluorescence behavior was quantified. Fundus features may be discriminated on the basis of spatio-temporal fluorescein fluorescence properties. Pixel assignment based on spatio-temporal relationships will facilitate fundus feature quantitation.

Choroidal Neovascularization↗
PubMed1997

[Angiography by scanning laser ophthalmoscope with fluorescein compounds of different physicochemical properties].

We performed angiography in photocoagulated eyes using four fluorescent dyes that have different molecular weight, lipid solubility, and electric charge. These findings were compared with those of sodium fluorescein (Naf) and indocyanine green (ICG). Angiograms were obtained with Naf, ICG and two fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans at different molecular weight (FITC-D4: MW 4,400, FITC-D40: MW 38,900). We also used two other dyes: carboxyfluorescein (Caf: less lipid soluble) and calcein (Calc: a highly negatively charged molecule). Two and four days after laser photocoagulation of retina, dye leakage was still evident at the photocoagulated sites with Naf, Caf, Calc and FITC-D4. Angiograms taken after Caf and Calc injection showed more intense and rapid dye leakage than with Naf. Contrary to this, little dye leakage was observed with ICG and FITC-D40. These findings indicated that the critical molecular weight for permeation lay between 4,400 and 38,900 once the breakdown of blood retinal barrier occurred. In addition, difference in molecular weight is a major factor determining dye permeability at the photocoagulated retinal lesions, among other possibilities such as lipid solubility and electric charge.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Fluorescein angiography of the heavily pigmented iris and new dyes for iris angiography.

An inexpensive adapter mounted in front of the objective lens of a fundus camera permits routine fluorescein angiography of the heavily pigmented iris. Angiograms of these patients whose iris pigment was dense enough that standard methods of iris angiography would disclose little or no information were performed with the use of the adapter. For use in the study of the iris vasculature in the research laboratory, three dyes with spectral characteristics different from those of fluorescein allow angiography of the iris at different wavelengths. Angiograms using these dyes were performed on the eye of a cynomolgus monkey. The angiograms were each taken as close as possible to the same time sequence and show dramatically different filling and staining patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Fluorescein angiography complication survey.

This is a report on the results of a national survey designed to study the nature and frequency of moderate and severe complications of intravenous fluorescein angiography. In this survey, 2434 responding ophthalmologists reported on 221,781 fluorescein angiograms performed in the year 1984. Adverse reactions were classified as mild, moderate, severe, and death, depending on the duration of the effect, the necessity for medical intervention, the time required for its resolution, and the final outcome. The frequency rate for a moderate reaction was (1:63), for a severe reaction (1:1900), and for death (1:222,000). A review of previous studies on adverse reactions to the drug, a compilation of suggested methods for the amelioration and prevention of the complications, and a comparison of the responses of the general ophthalmic public to the members of The Macula Society are also reported.

Fluorescein↗
PubMed1993

Hemolytic anemia associated with injection of fluorescein.

A 49-year-old woman presented with a hemoglobin level of 9.5 g per dL (95 g/L), reticulocyte count of 6.7 percent (0.067), and hemoglobinuria. The next day, the hemoglobin had dropped to 5.8 g per dL (58 g/L), and total bilirubin was 8.8 mg per dL (150 mumol/L). The serum reacted 2+ with all red cells (RBCs). The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was 3+ with anti-IgG and 1+ with anti-C3, but eluates prepared by two different methods did not react with untreated RBCs. The eluate reacted 2+ with amoxicillin-coated RBCs; amoxicillin had been listed in the patient's record as a previous medication. The patient denied recent ingestion of amoxicillin. Further investigation documented the injection of a dye, fluorescein sodium (AK-FLUOR-25%), for a ophthalmologic fluorescein angiographic study 2 days before admission. RBCs coated with AK-FLUOR reacted with the eluate. Controls consisting of normal serum, an eluate prepared from DAT-negative RBCs, and a serum known to contain anti-penicillin did not react with AK-FLUOR-coated RBCs. Nine days later, the DAT was negative and the serum did not react with untreated RBCs. In the presence of AK-FLUOR (1-in-125) or amoxicillin (1 mg/mL), the serum reacted 2+ in the antiglobulin test. Antibodies to AK-FLUOR and amoxicillin appeared to react by two mechanisms, which is similar to results in recent reports of other drugs associated with hemolytic anemia. AK-FLUOR has not previously been reported to be associated with hemolytic anemia.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Oral fluorography. The Oral Fluorescein Study Group.

A cooperative study group was formed to evaluate the use and effectiveness of oral fluorography. The procedure is simple to perform, reliable, and side effects are almost negligible. Oral fluorescein provides valuable information when such information is required in a timely manner, or when late leakage of fluorescein is anticipated. It is also valuable for patients who fear intravenous injection of dye or who have relatively inaccessible veins.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Fluorescent vesicle angiography with sodium fluorescein and indocyanine green.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the feasibility of merging free-dye angiography and the fluorescent vesicle technique to achieve the best characteristics of both. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluorescent vesicles encapsulated with either indocyanine green or carboxyfluorescein were mixed with free indocyanine green or free sodium fluorescein, respectively, and imaged with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope in both an in vitro model and primate and rabbit models. RESULTS: In the in vitro model of the sodium fluorescein combination, optimal viewing of vesicleen capsulated dye and free dye was at a ratio of 150:1; for indocyanine green, the ratio was 50:1. In vivo, high-quality fluorescent vesicle angiograms were obtained that demonstrated leakage of free dye from choroidal laser spots. CONCLUSIONS: Free dye and fluorescent vesicles can be combined to obtain an angiogram with all of the advantages of a traditional angiogram, while allowing the operator to assess the changes in retinal or choroidal circulation directly.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic fluorescein angiography of the ciliary body in glaucoma management.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The laser endoscopy system has been modified to permit high resolution intraoperative fluorescein angiograms. Because the ciliary processes can be directly viewed and photocoagulated from a limbal wound in the phakic, aphakic, or pseudophakic eye in virtually any patient, the novel opportunity to angiographically study the ciliary processes before and after various forms of ablation was created. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty patients were divided into four groups and were studied under various conditions. RESULTS: The ciliary processes normally fill with fluorescein early in the angiogram and maintain hyperfluorescence throughout. Functional ciliary processes (or portions of them) are hyperfluorescent; ablated processes are densely hypofluorescent. This technique can delineate inadequately treated zones, permitting appropriate correction at the time of initial surgery. Eyes with previous transscleral cyclodestruction did not experience the degree of ciliary process ablation that the surgeon reported. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative delineation of treated and untreated ciliary processes permits accurate correlation with observed intraocular pressure response.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic fluorescein angiography.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess features of various retinal and choroidal disorders by endoscopic fluorescein angiograms (EFAs) obtained intraoperatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred patients undergoing vitrectomy were studied intraoperatively by injecting 5 ml of 10% fluorescein intravenously. Up to 110 degrees field of view high-resolution angiograms were obtained endoscopically. Characteristics of diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal vasculitis, exudative macular degeneration, and neovascular glaucoma were recorded. RESULTS: Capillary nonperfusion, retinal vascular occlusion or incompetence, and neovascularization of the disc, retina, subretinal space, and posterior iris could be delineated. CONCLUSION: EFA defines pathologic retinal/choroidal areas intraoperatively, which may permit more selective surgical management during vitrectomy.

Choroid Diseases↗
PubMed2002

Analytical potential of fluorescein analogues for ultrasensitive determinations of phosphorus-containing amino acid herbicides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

The analytical potential of three fluorescein analogues, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC), 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinylamino) fluorescein (DTAF) and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE), as labelling reagents for the ultrasensitive determination of phosphorus-containing amino acid herbicides (glufosinate and glyphosate) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (the major metabolite of glyphosate) by nonionic surfactant micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was investigated. Practical aspects related to label chemistry and MEKC separation showed that DTAF is the best choice for the determination of these herbicides; in addition, the most important features of these reagents for the derivatization of amino compounds are discussed. The optimum procedure includes a derivatization step of the herbicides at 40 degrees C with DTAF for 1 h and a 2-fold dilution prior to MEKC analysis, which is conducted within about 10 min using Brij-35 in the running buffer. This nonionic surfactant improves the selectivity and therefore the sensitivity of the method at low analyte concentrations by shifting the interfering peaks of the DTAF excess. The lowest detectable analyte concentration ranged from 0.06 to 0.16 microg/L with a precision of 2.1-3.2%. These results indicate that nonionic surfactant MEKC-LIF is useful as a selective, rapid and sensitive tool for the determination of these herbicides showing a great potential for their analysis in environmental samples without previous enrichment steps. The proposed method surpasses other chromatographic alternatives in terms of limit of detection and sample requirements for the analysis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

In vivo delivery of fluoresceinated dextrans to the murine growth plate: imaging of three vascular routes by multiphoton microscopy.

Bone elongation by endochondral ossification occurs through the differentiation cascade of chondrocytes of cartilaginous growth plates. Molecules from the systemic vasculature reach the growth plate from three different directions: epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and a ring vessel and plexus associated with the perichondrium. This study is an analysis of the real-time dynamics of entrance of fluoresceinated tracers of different molecular weights into the growth plate from the systemic vasculature and tests the hypothesis that molecular weight is a key variable in the determination of both the directionality and the extent of tracer movement into the growth plate. Multiphoton microscopy was used for direct in vivo imaging of the murine proximal tibial growth plate in anesthetized 4- to 5-week-old transgenic mice with green fluorescent protein linked to the collagen II promoter. Mice were given an intracardiac injection of either fluorescein (332.3 Da) or fluoresceinated dextrans of 3, 10, 40, 70 kDa, singly or sequentially. For each tracer, directionality and rate of arrival, together with extent of movement within the growth plate, were imaged in real time. For small molecules (up to 10 kDa), vascular access from all three directions was observed and entrance was equally permissive from the metaphyseal and the epiphyseal sides. Within our detection limit (a few percent of vascular concentration), 40 kDa and larger dextrans did not enter. These results have implications both for understanding systemic and paracrine regulation of growth plate chondrocytic differentiation, as well as variables associated with effective drug delivery to growth plate chondrocytes.

Animals↗