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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Spontaneous leprosy-like disease in a chimpanzee.

The clinical and laboratory findings of a spontaneous disease, resembling human leprosy, in a chimpanzee are described. The disease was a chronic progressive dermatitis characterized by nodular thickenings of the dermis and involving the ears, eyebrows, nostrils, and lips. A maculopapular rash was also present. Numerous acid-fast organisms were found in nasal swabs and in dermal lesions, including nerves. Attempts to culture acid-fast organisms in artificial media have failed. At this time, the only features of the etiologic agent of this disease that are inconsistent with those of Mycobacterium leprae are failure of the organisms to oxidize 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and failure to pyridine to remove the acid-fast staining property of the bacilli.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Antimicrobial susceptibility of environmental Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a pigeon slaughterhouse in Italy.

No information is available concerning the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigeon slaughterhouses. In the present study, 59 staphylococcal strains isolated from a pigeon slaughterhouse in central Italy were compared according to their antibiotic resistance. On the basis of cultural and biochemical properties, all isolates could be identified as S. aureus. The strains were checked for the productions of enterotoxins A, B, C, D by reversed passive latex agglutination. Resistance to 26 antibiotics was also determined paying particular attention to resistance to those antimicrobial agents frequently used in human medicine and in poultry breeding. Only one strain was positive for the production of enterotoxins type C and D. It was isolated from the evisceration tube after slaughtering. Enterotoxin B was produced by 2 strains isolated from the eyebrows and conjunctivas of the worker operating the crop rinsing tube. As to the susceptibility to antibiotics, all strains were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, bacitracin, cephalothin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, kanamycin, linezolid, oxacillin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifampicin, tobramycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin. Some (15.2%) of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and to penicillin G; 6.8% were resistant to chloramphenicol, 20.3% to enrofloxacin, 16.9% to erythromycin and to ciprofloxacin, 8.5% to clindamycin, and 11.9% to lincomycin. The highest percentages of strains were resistant to tetracycline and oleandomicin (37.3 and 25.4% respectively). Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were also found (3.4%). Only one strain had a multiple antibiotic resistance index > 0.30. The results were statistically analyzed and clustered in 6 groups. This work provides the antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from a pigeon slaughtering plant and represents a study on a quite unknown field in meat production.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative measure of cutaneous sensation. Two-point discrimination values for the face and trunk.

This study was performed to assess two-point discrimination ability for skin areas of the face and trunk. Using a compass-type instrument, I determined two-point discrimination values for three areas on the face and eight, nonoverlapping regions of the neck and trunk in a sample of 43 healthy young adult men and women. Mean values for the face ranged from 14.9 mm over the eyebrow to 10.4 mm along the lateral aspect of the mandible. Values for the neck and trunk ranged from 35.2 mm for skin of the lateral neck to 55.4 mm for the region immediately lateral to the C7 spinous process. I also found interindividual variation in two-point discrimination ability for a given skin area. Except for skin overlying the body of the mandible, where values for women were lower than those measured in men, no significant differences in discrimination ability were found between men and women. Although assessment of two-point discrimination is useful in the clinical evaluation of certain types of patients, the existence of intraindividual and interindividual differences suggests that therapists must interpret the results of these tests with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Altered skin development and impaired proliferative and inflammatory responses in transgenic mice overexpressing the glucocorticoid receptor.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent inhibitors of epidermal proliferation and effective anti-inflammatory compounds, which make them the drug of choice for a wide range of inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disorders. GC action is mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). To study the role of GR in skin development and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing GR in epidermis and other stratified epithelia, under the control of the keratin K5 promoter. Newborn mice show altered skin development, manifested as variable-sized skin lesions that range from epidermal hypoplasia and underdeveloped dysplastic hair follicles to a complete absence of this tissue. In the most affected individuals, skin was absent at the cranial and umbilical regions, and the vibrissae and eyebrows appear scarce, short, and curly. In addition, as a consequence of transgene expression in other ectodermally derived epithelia, K5-GR mice exhibited further abnormalities that strikingly resemble the clinical findings in patients with ectodermal dysplasia, which includes aplasia cutis congenita. In adult transgenic skin, topical application of the tumor promoter TPA did not elicit hyperplasia or transcriptional induction of several proinflammatory cytokines. This anti-inflammatory role of GR was due at least in part to interference with NF-kB, leading to a strong reduction in the kB-binding activity without altering the transcriptional levels of the inhibitor IkBa.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Multiple pigmented basal cell carcinomas.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common of all skin cancers and the most prevalent one among Caucasians. Rarely, these tumors are seen in other races. We report a 77-year-old Korean woman who presented with multiple darkly pigmented enlarging nodules on her scalp, face, trunk, and extremities. The patient had first noted a 6-mm pigmented lesion on her left eyebrow 10 years previously. Since then, other lesions had appeared in many locations on her body. She had been otherwise healthy and without a history of exposure to arsenic or radiation. There was no family history of skin cancer, xeroderma pigmentosum, or basal cell nevus syndrome. On physical examination, multiple darkly pigmented dome-shaped papules and nodules were present on her scalp, face, right forearm, lower abdomen, and inguinal areas. They ranged in size from 0.5 mm to 2 cm. The larger ones showed central ulceration. Multiple biopsy specimens from different sites showed pigmented basal cell carcinomas. Clinically, there was no evidence of nevus sebaceus, xeroderma pigmentosum, basal cell nevus syndrome, or immunodeficiency. Clinical workup including chest radiography, abdominal ultrasound, bone scan, and brain computerized axial tomography scan did not demonstrate primary or secondary tumors. The results of serologic and hematologic tests were also within normal limits. This is an unusual case report of multiple pigmented basal cell carcinomas in an Asian woman without any predisposing risk factors.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Striated muscle: a normal component of the dermis and subcutis in many areas of the face.

Striated muscle is typically not mentioned in histology chapters of most dermatology and dermatopathology books. In others, authors only speak of its presence in the dermis or subcutis but do not provide any details about its quantity, distribution, or orientation. In the course of an investigation concerning regional histologic variations of the skin, the presence of striated muscle fibers (StrMFs) has been a noteworthy feature of many areas of the face. Striated muscle fibers are a normal constituent of the dermis of the eyebrow (few and deep fibers); eyelid and nose (excluding the nasal tip) (numerous and deep fibers); and lips and chin (numerous, vertical, and more superficial fibers). They are also found in the subcutis of all these areas with some differences in density and distribution among them. Striated muscle fibers form a compact layer beneath the subcutaneous fat on the forehead and cheek, but because of their deep location, they are rarely included in cutaneous biopsy specimens of the latter area. Mainly based on the presence of StrMFs in the dermis, an algorithm to accurately determine the location of biopsy specimens from the face has been elaborated. With the aid of other features such as the type of hair follicles and the presence and degree of solar elastosis, the sex and approximate age of the patient can be established in many cases. Some practical and scientific consequences of these findings are discussed.

Dermis↗
PubMed2001

Benign fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma) of the face: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 34 cases associated with an aggressive clinical course.

Thirty-four cases of fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma) arising on the face are reported. These neoplasms occurred frequently in females (24 female, 10 male) and showed a broad age range (12 to 85 years; mean: 43.6 years, median: 41 years). The neoplasms originated on the forehead (nine cases), the cheek (eight cases), the eyebrow (four cases), the temporal region (three cases), the nose (two cases), and the ear (one case); in seven cases the location face was given only. Five of 27 cases with follow-up information (median: 5 years) recurred locally; in one case four recurrences were excised within 8 years. The majority of cases extended into the subcutis and deep soft tissue including striated muscle (50% of cases). Histologically, only the minority of cases was composed entirely of histiocytoid and spindle-shaped tumor cells arranged in a storiform growth pattern. In many cases cellular fascicles and bundles of spindle-shaped tumor cells were noted in addition to classical morphological features of fibrous histiocytoma. A moderate mitotic rate (mean: 2.97 mitoses in 10 HPFs) was observed, and in few cases increased atypia was evident. Frank tumor necrosis and/or vascular invasion were not identified. Immunohistochemical studies revealed Factor XIIIa positivity in 13 out of 17, focal CD68 positivity in 6 out of 10, and alpha-smooth muscle actin positivity in 16 out of 19 cases tested. These lesions should be distinguished from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, including its fibrosarcomatous variant, leiomyosarcoma, and low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma. Cases of fibrous histiocytoma of the face have to be excised with wider margins in comparison with examples of classical fibrous histiocytoma occurring on the extremities because of diffuse infiltration, involvement of deeper structures, and an increased rate of local recurrences.

Actins↗
PubMed1978

Blepharophimosis with associated cup-lop ears.

Blepharophimosis is a rare congenital triad consisting of epicanthus inversus, blepharoptosis, and a wider than normal intercanthal distance. Attention has recently been drawn to abnormalities of the eyebrow and the poorly developed nasal bridge. I record 9 cases of blepharophimosis associated with cup-lop ears seen over the last 15 years. These include a father and his 4 children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Biwinged excision for closure of rounded defect.

A new technique for closure of rounded defects is described. The biwinged procedure consists of excising two equal triangles on either side of the defect, one above and one below the dissecting line. Closure is in the form of a step. It can be made to parallel in part a wrinkle or contour line, such as a nasolabial fold, a temporal region above and beside the eyebrow, an area over the lower border of the mandible, or on the dorsum of the hand. A mathematical comparison of the amount of healthy tissue in the biwinged excision and in six other procedures is presented.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1981

A new method for telecanthus correction in Waardenburg syndrome.

Waardenburg syndrome is characterized by lateral displacement of the medial canthi and lacrimal puncta, a broad nasal root, poliosis, heterochromia iridis, hyperplasia of the medial portion of the eyebrows, and congenital sensorineural deafness. As a group, these symptoms rarely occur in one individual, so care must be taken not to confuse an isolated condition with the syndrome. Of all the manifestations, the authors believe the lateral displacement of the medial canthi is the key factor in making a diagnosis. Sensorineural deafness is the most handicapping symptom. Surgical treatment is indicated for the correction of dystopia canthorum. We present a technique based on a double Z-plasty and nasal transfixion, plus attachment of the medial canthal tendons according to the techniques of Callahan and Mustardé.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

The forehead-brow lift.

The forehead-brow lift, though generally thought to achieve very little and for only a brief time, corrects ptosis of the eyebrows, redundancy of the upper eyelids, and skin wrinkles on the forehead, nasoglabellar, and lateral canthal regions. Other aesthetic improvements include restoration of the contour of the root of the nose and elevation of the nasal tip. However, careful attention to complete release of the frontalis-galea unit from the underlying orbital rims and zygomatic arches is essential for long-term success. A forehead-brow lift technique is described and the results and complications in 34 patients reviewed.

Face↗
PubMed1984

Cranioplasty for traumatic deformities of the frontoorbital area.

Cranioplasties of the frontoorbital area pose a major challenge to the surgeon because of the proximity to the globe, the sinuses, and the eyebrows and eyelids. The choice of material for reconstruction includes autogenous and alloplastic materials. A modification of the fixation technique of split rib graft to avoid depression deformities at the periphery of the defect is described. Sixteen patients were reconstructed with different treatment modalities, including the use of alloplastic materials or autogenous bone or a combination of both. The results are reported as are the complications. Limitations encountered with these difficult reconstructions are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Face-lift stigmas.

In this analysis of postoperative results in rhytidoplasties, the author points out some characteristics that announce the operated face. These characteristics include: retraction and elevation of the temporal hairline; straightening of the eyebrows; serious preauricular scars; deformation of the tragus; frequent hypertrophic scars in the mastoid region; and unevenness of the retroauricular hairline. These stigmas are sometimes unavoidable, depending on the patient's anatomy and the extent of the surgical procedure required to achieve the aimed-for young look. They can be improved, however, if one utilizes some alternative technical procedures and carefully observes each individual patient, avoiding the undiscriminating use of the same technique in different cases.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1987

The subcutaneous pedicle flap: widening of its applications.

The subcutaneous pedicle flap is useful for reconstruction of a relatively small defect, and there have been many reports on its use in the facial region. With careful manipulation and thought given to the selection of the patient, it is also applicable to the trunk and extremities. During the last 7 years, we have treated 80 patients who had subcutaneous pedicle flaps applied to various parts of the body (57 on the face, 12 on the trunk, and 11 on the extremities). Eleven representative patients are presented in this article. Based on our experience, we are now confident that the subcutaneous pedicle flap is useful to reconstruct a free border or transient area of different tissues, such as the eyebrow, eyelid, lip, and nose. In the trunk, e.g., in the buttock and the breast, it is useful to reconstruct the natural convexity. We prefer using the V-Y advancement type of subcutaneous pedicle flap rather than the transposition flap. To increase the mobility of the advancement flap, the distal portion of the flap is undermined just below the layer of the subdermal plexus. This may prevent postoperative bulkiness and facilitate the reconstruction of natural contour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Repeated tissue expansion in reconstruction of a huge combined scalp-forehead avulsion injury.

A 29-year-old woman sustained a severe combined forehead-scalp avulsion injury (20 X 17 cm) in an automobile accident 4 years ago. The skull was covered with split skin-grafts. The defect was successfully removed by the use of simultaneous and repeated tissue expansion of the normal occipital area and the remains of the forehead. The case illustrates the possibility of using large expander volumes (1,700 cc) in the head area and the fact that even narrow skin bridges (2.0 cm above the left eyebrow) can be expanded. The expander shape can be chosen to create a desired flap size and form. Finally, hair thickness and growth can be quite acceptable even after huge expansions of the scalp.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Upper lid musculocutaneous flap.

The use of a musculocutaneous flap from the upper lid for reconstruction in the orbital region and neighboring areas is described. The anatomical basis is considered. Because of its blood supply, the flap can be raised on its lateral or medical pedicle. When based on its lateral pedicle, innervation can be maintained by raising an innervated musculocutaneous flap, which can restore proper lower lid position and tonus. Twenty-two patients were operated on with this technique to fill defects of the lower and upper lid as well as of the lateral nasal wall. All flaps survived, and only minor deformities of the donor site were seen when the eyebrows were included in the flap.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Tripartite frontalis muscle flap transposition for blepharoptosis.

Transposition of frontalis muscle to the tarsus is an effective technique for correction of blepharoptosis with poor levator function. This is refined by division of the frontalis muscle flap into three strips, which are sutured separately to the upper tarsal border. Thirty-six patients with blepharoptosis (54 eyelids) had tripartite frontalis muscle flap procedures. The ptosis was congenital in 33 patients. Forty-eight eyelids had poor levator function. Six had fair levator function. The frontalis action ranged from 8 to 14 mm. The average of follow-up evaluation was 32 months. The postoperative results were evaluated by Berke's criteria, various sensation tests of the forehead, and presence of forehead wrinkles. The tripartite frontalis muscle flap provided an even distribution of upward pull on the tarsus without tenting the lid margin. Ptosis on superior and primary gaze, an intrinsic complication of maximal levator resection or frontalis suspension, was not observed after this procedure. Lagophthalmos was transitory, usually disappearing within 3 months. Lid lag was mild-to-moderate. Mild hypesthesia of the forehead returned completely to normal in all patients, followed more than 24 months. Slight lowering of the medial portion of the eyebrow and incomplete wrinkling of the forehead on upward gaze were mild cosmetic defects after correction in 4 patients with unilateral ptosis. The tripartite frontalis flap technique is recommended for patients with bilateral congenital ptosis and fair-to-poor levator function, and for unilateral ptosis, if either contralateral brow lift or bilateral frontalis transposition is appropriate.

Adolescent↗