Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ergotamines”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Application of oxygen vectors to Claviceps purpurea cultivation.

The application of a two-phase fermentation system for the production of ergot peptide alkaloids by Claviceps purpurea is described. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are used as oxygen vectors in Claviceps fermentation for the first time. In shake-flask cultivations, the inclusion of PFC in the medium brings about a five-fold increase in the total alkaloid production and a six-fold increase in the pharmaceutically important component, ergotamine. This rise cannot be correlated with the concentration of the added PFC and it is thought that the enhancement is due to a combination of factors, including the influence of PFC. Other oxygen vectors, such as several hydrocarbons, prove to be poor oxygen carriers in our study. Cultivations with PFC in a bioreactor are reproducible, the maximum total alkaloid and ergotamine production being attained on the 11th and 9th days, respectively. The relatively lower increase in the total alkaloid production in the bioreactor as compared to the shake-flasks is attributed to the unequal oxygen availability in the reactor. Processes with PFC offer the operational advantage of a five-fold reduction in aeration rate.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1999

Antimigraine drugs.

Migraine is a paroxysmal disorder characterized by attacks of headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and malaise. This review summarizes new treatment options for therapy of the acute attack. Mild or moderate migraine attacks are treated with antiemetics followed by analgesics such as aspirin, paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or antiemetics combined with ergotamine or dihydroergotamine. Sumatriptan, a specific serotonin (5-HT)1B/D agonist is used when attacks do not respond to ergotamine, or when intolerable side effects occur. The new migraine drugs zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, and eletriptan differ slightly in their pharmacological profiles, which translates into minor differences in efficacy, headache recurrence, and side effects. New drugs in migraine prophylaxis include cyclandelate, valproic acid and magnesium.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2005

Reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor involving the pelvic and abdominal cavity: a case report and review of literature.

There are several entities that can present with multiple nodular lesions within the peritoneal cavity, such as "disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis," "peritoneal fibrosis," "calcifying fibrous pseudotumor," and the recently described lesion of "reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor of the gastrointestinal tract and mesentery." Here we present one such lesion in a 28-year-old woman with a history of dysmenorrhea and ergotamine use for migraine attacks. Intraoperative exploration of our patient disclosed numerous nodules located throughout the pelvic and abdominal peritoneum. Histopathologically, these lesions were fibrocollagenous nodules composed of sparse wavy spindle cells within hyalinized "keloid-like" collagen surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate. Some of the nodules were associated with small foci of endometriosis. We believe this lesion is best described by the term "reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumor" and that endometriosis and the use of ergotamine derivatives may be contributing factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The spinal cord processing of input from the superior sagittal sinus: pathway and modulation by ergot alkaloids.

The effects of ergot alkaloids on field potentials and unit responses produced in the upper cervical spinal cord by stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) were examined in 57 anesthetized cats. Electrical stimulation of the SSS produced field potentials and single-unit responses at latencies of 5-20 ms. Field potentials were abolished by section of the first division of the trigeminal nerve but were unaffected or increased by section of the upper cervical nerves. Field potentials were reduced or abolished by intravenous injection of ergotamine or dihydroergotamine (DHE). The evoked response of 41 units (34.4%) were suppressed by either i.v. or iontophoretic administration of ergotamine, DHE or ergometrine. The results suggest that ergot alkaloids exert an effect at a spinal cord relay centre which receives trigeminally mediated input from cranial blood vessels.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

An assessment of the antagonistic activity of reactive blue 2 at P1- and P2-purinoceptors: supporting evidence for purinergic innervation of the rabbit portal vein.

A comparison of the effect of the putative adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) antagonist, reactive blue 2, was made on the inhibitory responses to exogenous purines and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve stimulation in the rabbit portal vein, a preparation possessing both P1- and P2Y-purinoceptors, and on the excitatory responses to alpha, beta-methylene ATP in the rat portal vein where P2X-purinoceptors are present. In the ergotamine-contracted rabbit portal vein, ATP, adenosine and isoprenaline induced concentration-dependent relaxations. Reactive blue 2 (10-50 microM) produced a 2-9-fold shift to the right of the concentration-response curve to ATP, while the responses to adenosine and isoprenaline were not significantly altered. The inhibition of ATP assessed in the concentration-response curves appeared to be non-competitive. Electrical field stimulation of the ergotamine-contracted rabbit portal vein produced frequency-dependent relaxations that were abolished following incubation with tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and were inhibited by reactive blue 2 (30-50 microM), in a concentration-dependent manner. The rat portal vein contracted in response to the application of exogenous noradrenaline and alpha, beta-methylene ATP. Responses to both alpha, beta-methylene ATP (a P2X-purinoceptor agonist) and noradrenaline were not significantly inhibited by concentrations of reactive blue 2 that produced inhibition of the P2Y-mediated responses of the rabbit portal vein. In conclusion, it is suggested that reactive blue 2 is a non-competitive P2Y-purinoceptor antagonist, although the drug has a narrow range of activity and non-specific side effects become apparent at high concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1993

5-HT receptors mediating contractions of the isolated human coronary artery.

We investigated contractile responses of the isolated human coronary artery to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), washed human platelets, sumatriptan and ergotamine. 5-HT (pD2: 6.8 +/- 0.1, Emax: 47.7 +/- 6.8 mN) and platelets (effect 14.4 +/- 2.8 mN with 3.10(10) platelets/l) caused contractile responses which were attenuated by ketanserin (1 microM). In the presence of ketanserin (1 microM), both rauwolscine (1 and 10 microM) and cyanopindolol (1 and 10 microM) caused concentration-dependent additional antagonism against contractions induced by low (< or = 1 microM) concentrations of 5-HT. Sumatriptan-induced contractions (pD2: 6.2 +/- 0.1; Emax: 10.7 +/- 2.4 mN) were antagonized to a similar extent by both rauwolscine (1 microM) and cyanopindolol (1 microM) (pKB: 6.5 +/- 0.1 and 6.4 +/- 0.1, respectively) and also by metergoline (0.1 microM; pKB: 7.2 +/- 0.1). The order of potency of antagonists against sumatriptan resembles the order reported for the human saphenous vein 5-HT1D-like receptor. No significant additional antagonism by cyanopindolol (1 microM) or rauwolscine (1 microM) against platelet-induced contractile responses was observed. Ergotamine caused potent contractile responses (pD2: 8.4 +/- 0.3, Emax: 19.4 +/- 2.4 mN). It is concluded that although 5-HT2 receptors predominantly mediate 5-HT-induced contractions, the 5-HT1-like receptor seems to play a role in coronary vasospasm caused by low concentrations of 5-HT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Selective vasoconstriction by alniditan in the carotid vascular bed of anaesthetized dogs.

In anaesthetized dogs, alniditan or (-)-(R)-N-[3,4-dihydro-2H-1- benzopyran-2-yl)methyl]-N'-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1,3- propanediamine dihydrochloride, a new compound with 5-HT1-like receptor ligand effects, dose dependently (0.63-80 micrograms/kg i.v.) reduced common carotid arterial blood flow with comparatively little effect on other cardiovascular variables including coronary, mesenteric and renal arterial blood flow, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and airway resistance. The potency of alniditan was higher than that of sumatriptan and comparable to that of ergotamine (dose producing a 50% reduction: alniditan = 5.1 micrograms/kg i.v.; sumatriptan = 13.1 micrograms/kg i.v.; ergotamine = 4.6 micrograms/kg i.v.; median values). The reduction of carotid arterial blood flow by alniditan was accompanied by an increase of carotid arterial vascular resistance and correlated with the increase of the difference in oxygen saturation between arterial and jugular venous blood, suggesting a preferential reduction of extracerebral shunt flow by the compound via constriction of arteriovenous anastomoses in the carotid vascular region. The extent and duration of carotid arterial blood flow reductions after alniditan at 5 micrograms/kg i.v. were similar to those after sumatriptan 15 micrograms/kg i.v. but larger/longer after alniditan at 15 micrograms/kg i.v. than after sumatriptan at 15 micrograms/kg i.v. The dose-dependent increase of carotid arterial vascular resistance by alniditan was similar in dogs premedicated daily for 4 days with solvent or active compound (20 micrograms/kg i.v.), indicating absence of tolerance or resetting of sensitivity to the compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The dominant lethal effects of some ergot alkaloids.

The dominant lethal test was carried out in the mouse using the ergot derivatives dihydroergotoxine, ergotamine and methysergide. A significant increase in early fetal deaths was induced by 100 mg/kg of dihydroergotoxine and methysergide. Doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg did not induce positive effects. Ergotamine was not effective in doses up to 100 mg/kg. Reduced numbers of implantations were not consistently observed following treatment with the ergot preparations, but some anti-fertility effects were noted. Cyclophosphamide, used as a positive control compound, produced significant effects in doses as low as 25 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Tongue necrosis as a complication of temporal arteritis.

Tongue necrosis is a rare complication in giant cell arteritis, an entity in which both temporal arteritis and rheumatic polymyalgia may be included as two different manifestations of the same pathologic process. The case of a 79-year-old patient who had tongue necrosis 3 hours after ingestion of 2 mg of ergotamine tartrate is presented. This complication was the basis for the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. We reviewed possible clinical manifestations of temporal arteritis and cases of tongue necrosis in the world literature. The possible existence of triggering factors that seemed to be present in 11 of the published cases was analyzed. In seven of these cases ingestion of ergotamine derivates had taken place.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Determination of the luminal diameter of the radial artery in man by high frequency ultrasound: a methodological study.

The validity and reproducibility of measurements of the luminal diameter of the radial artery in man were investigated with Dermascan A, a 20 MHz ultrasound scanner. The luminal diameter of a reference object, a plastic tube, was measured with ultrasound to be 99.0% of stereomicroscopic measurements. By comparing the diameter of the reference object either filled with water or blood at 37 degrees C, the ultrasound velocity in human blood at 37 degrees C was calculated to be 1605 m/s. The intraobserver repeatability coefficients of in-vivo measurements of the radial artery in man were in the same range, whether measurements were repeated after 30 min (14%) or from day to day (12%). The interobserver repeatability coefficient was acceptable (15%) when the site of measurements was marked, whereas measurements without a mark resulted in a repeatability coefficient of 24%. The intravenous administration of 0.5 mg ergotamine tartrate to 5 subjects caused a decrease in the mean luminal diameter of the radial artery from 2.94 mm to 2.42 mm 1 h after ergotamine (p less than 0.05). This ultrasound method for measurements of the luminal diameter should thus be suitable for investigating the effects of physiological and pharmacological stimuli on the arteries per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Drug abuse in migraine patients.

Records of all patients discharged with a diagnosis of migraine from 2 Danish neurological departments were examined to determine the incidence of drug abuse. These departments had fixed uptake areas with a population of approximately 500,000 during the 5 year study period (1-1-1976--31-12-1980). Patients were selected for detailed analysis if (1) they used morphinomimetic drugs once a month or more, (2) took 7 or more tablets of weak analgesics a day or (3) consumed more than 60 mg ergotamine a month. A total of 92 patients fulfilled these criteria, 27 only because of ergotamine overuse. Injections of morphinomimetic drugs were given once a week or more frequently to 32 patients. These patients also usually had an escalating consumption and were usually regarded as abusers by their doctors. During admission morphinomimetics were discontinued. None deteriorated, 1/3 remained unchanged whereas 2/3 improved. Thus 32 patients can be regarded as abusers of morphinomimetics which represents an annual incidence of 13 per million inhabitants. We caution against the use of morphinomimetics in migraine.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Various transmitters as filters in transferring information in an identified neural network of gastropods.

1. The motor and interneurones in the identified neural network regulating the cardio-renal system of Helix pomatia L. produced differing effects with ACh, 5HT, DA and OP. They were less sensitive to glutamate. 2. On the double action interneuron the sensitivity to the neurotransmitters was modified by the source of input and the sequence of their application. 3. The interneuron V21 uses ACh and 5HT as neurotransmitters. Seven afferent excitatory pathways terminate on interneuron V21. 4. The efferent pathways of interneuron V21 can be selectively blocked by haloperidol and ergotamine. 5. The peptide-like factor released spontaneously following haloperidol and ergotamine treatment block the cholinergic and aminergic pathways onto interneuron V21, while the amino acid mechanism remains unaltered.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Catecholaminergic projections to tuberoinfundibular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus: III. Effects of adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists.

Stimulation of the ventral noradrenergic ascending bundle (VNAB) at low frequencies (0.5/5 Hz) excited the majority (37/46, 80%) of single paraventricular nucleus (PVN) tuberoinfundibular neurones, with high frequency (50 Hz) trains of stimuli reversing the direction of the response to inhibition for 7/16 (44%) of these excited cells. Iontophoretic application of noradrenaline, or the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist 1-phenylephrine, increased the spontaneous electrical activity of most of the cells tested (94% and 72%), whilst application of the alpha 1-antagonist, ergotamine reduced the spontaneous activity of 44% of the cells tested and prevented the excitation following VNAB stimulation for 84% of the cells examined. Application of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol, increased the spontaneous activity of 77% of cells and prevented the inhibitory PVN neuronal responses following high frequency VNAB stimulation of 94% of the cells, often reversing the response to excitation similar to that observed following low frequency VNAB stimulation. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, tolazoline, was found to evoke mixed responses from the cells examined but a trend towards a suppression of spontaneous activity and potentiation of VNAB stimulation-evoked responses was observed. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, elicited an initial excitation from the majority of cells tested, with most of the cells then exhibiting an inhibition, either with or without continued application. Excitatory responses following stimulation of the sciatic nerve were recorded from the majority of cells (82.5%) and ergotamine was able to suppress this response for all four cells so tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed2004

Lower-half facial migraine: a report of 11 cases.

PURPOSE: Vascular pain of the face constitutes a variant of pain of the head, and includes migraine, cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and a facial variant of the so-called lower-half migraine. Lower-half facial migraine is a condition difficult to classify; according to the international classifications it could not be found as an individual entity. The objective of the present study is to determine the difficulties we encountered in diagnosis, the ineffective treatments provided, and the pharmacologic treatment effect. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study is made of 11 cases of lower-half facial migraine, corresponding to 10 women and 1 man (mean age, 35 years), commenting on the clinical characteristics of the disorder and its treatment options. The location of the pain often mimics dental pain, and can lead to a mistaken diagnosis and to the application of inappropriate therapeutic measures. Forty-five percent of the patients had a history of endodontic treatment before the development of pain in the initially affected quadrant. Once the pain had developed, extractions were carried out in 36% of cases in an unsuccessful attempt to secure symptom relief. Our pharmacologic treatment consisted of ergotamine in 9 cases and the remaining 2 patients received indomethacin. RESULTS: Nine patients (82%) improved as a result of treatment, with an important reduction in the frequency of the pain episodes and intensity of pain. One patient failed to respond to ergotamine, while another patient failed to improve with indomethacin. Both were prescribed only minor analgesics. CONCLUSION: The treatment of migraine occurring in the face is no different than that provided for pain occurring in the head.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Subclinical ergotism.

The systolic blood-pressure at the ankle and the first toe was measured in 30 patients, mean age 42, who had taken ergotamine regularly for more than a year. With one exception, the patients had no symptoms or signs of arterial insufficiency in the limbs, but all had low-normal or abnormal foot systolic blood-pressures. In a group of 13 patients who stopped taking ergotamine the distal pressures rose significantly and from the ninth day were normal.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome associated with Bellamine S, a therapy for menopausal symptoms.

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare, potentially fatal, idiosyncratic drug reaction characterized by fever, morbilliform rash, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and hematologic abnormalities. Aromatic antiepileptic agents, such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital are the most frequent causes of this syndrome. We report a case of a previously healthy, postmenopausal woman who developed anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome while taking Bellamine S (belladonna alkaloids; ergotamine; phenobarbital) for hot flashes. Although combinations of belladonna, ergotamine, and phenobarbital have been used for medical treatment of menopausal symptoms since the 1960s, this is the first known case report of its association with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. Given the current debate about the risks of hormonal replacement therapy, more women are seeking alternative therapies for menopausal symptoms. Dermatologists need to be aware of this potential serious reaction to this phenobarbital-containing therapy for hot flashes.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1998

Effect of fungal alkaloids on the development of pregnancy and endocrine foetal-placental function in the goat.

The response to Claviceps purpurea sclerotia administration in pregnant goats was examined in terms of changes in the levels of plasma hormones, the development of pregnancy and kid production. Six treated goats were each given 15 mg milled sclerotia (i.e. 0.105 mg ergotamine) per kilogram live weight twice daily via a stomach tube from days 98 +/- 2 to 107 +/- 2 of gestation. Seven control goats were given water twice daily via a stomach tube during the same period of gestation. The goats were observed for clinical signs of disease, rectal temperatures and live weights were recorded and the condition of the foetuses was monitored by real-time ultrasonography. All control goats delivered live kids. In the treated group two goats aborted 33 and 47 days, respectively, after the start of the administration period, two goats each delivered one normal and one weak kid, and the two remaining goats delivered apparently normal kids. All six treated goats became depressed and had poor appetite during the period of sclerotia administration. Rectal temperatures were significantly increased and live weight changes significantly decreased in the animals in the treated group compared to the control group during the period of C. purpurea administration. Ultrasound examination revealed that foetal deaths occurred between 1 and 42 days before abortion or birth. The appearance of the aborted foetuses varied from fresh to mummified, depending on the number of days between foetal death and expulsion. Microbiological and serological investigations revealed no infectious causes of reproductive failure. The level of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha was high in goats that aborted following administration of C. purpurea compared with the level in control goats. The oestrone sulphate level did not increase before abortion in the treated goats as in the controls before parturition. There were also changes in these hormones in the four treated goats that delivered live kids, but the changes were considerably smaller. These findings indicate that the endocrine foetal-placental function was disturbed, probably due to injury caused by the C. purpurea toxin ergotamine in the placenta and foetus.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1981

Determination of ergot alkaloids in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.

Liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of ergotamine and methylergometrine in plasma have been developed. The samples are extracted with an organic solvent at pH 9.0 cleaned by extractions and finally injected on an ODS-Hypersil reversed-phase column with acetonitrile-ammonium carbonate buffer as the mobile phase. THe polarity of solvents used for extraction and the mobile phase are varied with the compounds of interest. Ergocristine is used as internal standard for ergotamine, and methysergide for the determination of methylergometrine. The stability of samples and standard solutions for calibration are discussed. Conditions for high selectivity and sensitivity of detection are given. Concentrations down to 100 pg/ml of plasma can be detected with a 3-ml sample.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗