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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Seizures in adolescents.

The management of a patient with seizures involves proper classification, etiologic evaluation, and administration of appropriate therapy. With proper evaluation and management, control of seizures can be expected in the majority of patients. The physician must realize that an epileptic adolescent has intrinsic anxieties and faces social, educational, and vocational restrictions. Failure to deal with these psychosocial problems may result in a greater handicap to the patient than the seizures themselves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

PTZ-induced seizures in rats: effects of age and strain.

The susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures during postnatal ontogeny [postnatal day (PN) 10-220] was investigated in two rat strains. The WAG/Rij strain, genetically prone for developing generalized absence epilepsy, and Wistar rats were tested and compared at PN 10, 26, 30, 70, 90, 125, and 220 on the PTZ-convulsive threshold. A subconvulsive dose of 25-mg/kg PTZ was administered every 15 min, and the occurrence of clonic and tonic-clonic seizures was scored. The 10-day-old pups were quite sensitive to PTZ and showed mainly clonic seizures. The highest threshold and latency of PTZ-induced clonic and tonic-clonic convulsions were observed at PN 26 in both strains. From that age onwards, the seizure threshold significantly decreased and reached a minimum at PN 220. Between strain comparisons showed that WAG/Rij rats have a lower tonic-clonic seizure threshold than Wistar rats. The data indicate that changes in susceptibility first quickly decreases until PN 26-30 and then tend to monotonically increase with age, and that genetically prone nonconvulsive WAG/Rij rats are more vulnerable to convulsive seizures induced by PTZ than Wistar rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

One drug (phenytoin) in the treatment of epilepsy.

Thirty-one, previously untreated, adult outpatients with idiopathic or focal grand-mal and/or focal minor seizures were treated initially with phenytoin. Serum-phenytoin concentrations were monitored to achieve an optimum range of 10-20 mug/ml if necessary. With a mean duration of follow-up of 14-7 months, only three (10%) patients have required the addition of a second drug, although without the guidance of serum concentrations sixteen (54%) might have been treated with a further drug. In the optimum serum-phenytoin range only 1 grand-mal attack occurred in this series, compared with a mean pre-treatment grand-mal seizure-rate of 1-1/month. Serum phenytoin declined slowly in fourteen (45%) patients. These observations suggest that many epileptic patients could be satisfactorily treated with one drug instead of the polypharmacy which they usually receive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Drug treatment of epilepsy.

The difficulties of the drug treatment of epilepsy include the high prevalence of the disorder, poor prognosis, prolonged multidrug treatment, chronic toxicity, and uncertainty of the relative efficacy and toxicity of individual anticonvulsants. These problems are reviewed in relation to recent knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of the drugs, the application of which offers the possibility of a more simple, rational, and effective approach to therapy. There is considerable potential for monotherapy assisted by drug-level monitoring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Epilepsy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed2001

8-OH-DPAT and MK-801 affect epileptic activity independently of vigilance.

Vigilance and parallel occurrence of epileptic activity after administration of the 5-HT(1A) agonist 8-OH-DPAT and the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 were studied in the genetic absence epilepsy model WAG/Rij rats. Spike-wave discharges (SWD) were present predominantly in passive awake and light slow wave sleep (SWS1) either in control animals or after treatments. Injection of 8-OH-DPAT (20.0 microg/rat i.c.v.) caused marked increase and MK-801 (10.0 microg/rat i.c.v.) decrease in SWD densities, thus the ratios of SWD in passive awake and in SWS1. SWD densities of MK-801 plus 8-OH-DPAT in combination were similar to those of CSF+CSF treated control rats. Both 8-OH-DPAT and MK-801 transiently increased the duration of active awake, increased latency and decreased duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. 8-OH-DPAT increased the amount of SWD despite the decrease in the duration of SWS1. MK-801 decreased the amount of SWD despite the lack of significant change in duration of passive awake or SWS1. Pre-treatment with MK-801 reversed 8-OH-DPAT- induced increase in duration of SWD without any effect on 8-OH-DPAT-induced changes in sleep parameters. Our studies provide evidence that 8-OH-DPAT-induced epileptic activity is independent of its effect on sleep, and that interaction of serotonergic and glutamatergic systems plays a role in the generation of SWD, but not in the regulation of vigilance and sleep.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous clonazepam.

1. Intravenous clonazepam was investigated in an open trial conducted in 24 patients suffering from status epilepticus. 2. The administration of 1-2 mg clonazepam resulted in the complete control of 7/7 Petit Mal, 7/14 Grand Mal and 2/3 partial complex cases. 3. The mean time to obtain clinical control of seizures after injection was 1.75 min. In all successfully treated cases normalization or improvement of the post-ictal EEG tracing was observed. 4. Vital signs measured before and immediately after clonazepam injections showed no clinically significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate or respiration. Side effects consisted exclusively of transient mild to moderate drowsiness in 40% of patients. 5. These results indicate that intravenous clonazepam is rapidly effective and safe in the treatment of Petit Mal status and in certain cases of Grand Mal and partial complex status epilepticus. This agent therefore represents a useful alternative to diazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus.

Adult↗