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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Pharmacological study on the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean (Glyteer) (5): Antimicrobial activity].

Glyteer (GL) possessed a broad antimicrobial spectra against bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of GL was bactericidal action, but not bacteriostatic action. GL was more effective against fungi than bacteria. GL ointment also showed antimicrobial activity equal to that of GL. Furthermore, GL had an effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Resistance to GL was not induced in broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. These results suggest that GL applied externally exerts a potent effect as an anti-microbial drug for dermopathy with various microbialpathogens.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[Anti-inflammatory activity of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean (Glyteer) (2)].

The anti-inflammatory effects of Glyteer (GL) were investigated by its local administration using the CMC-pouch method in rats, and the effects were compared with those of betamethasone 17-valerate (BV, 1 mg), phenylbutazone (PB, 10 mg), flufenamic acid (FA, 10 mg), bufexamac (BM, 10 and 20 mg), bendazac (BZ, 10 and 20 mg), icthammol (IT, 10 mg) and pine tar (PT, 10 mg). At three hours after CMC-treatment, GL (10 mg) significantly inhibited not only the protein exudation, but also the leucocyte migration. The inhibitory activity of GL on the leucocyte migration had the same potency as that of FA, but was stronger than those of PB, BV, BM, BZ, IT and PT. Furthermore, in relation to the leucocyte migration, GL markedly inhibited not only the neutrophil, but also the macrophage migration. At three hours after CMC-treatment, the inhibitory activity of GL on the neutrophil migration had the same potency as those of PB and FA, but was stronger than those of BV, BM, BZ, IT and PT. On the other hand, GL, BM, BZ, FA, IT and PT had an inhibitory activity on the macrophage migration, and the activity was more potent in GL, FA and IT. From these results, it is suggested that the inhibition of GL on increased vascular permeability and leucocyte migration is one of the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

[Anti-inflammatory activity of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean (Glyteer) (3). Effects on type I-type IV allergic reaction].

Effects of Glyteer (GL, 5%) on Type I-Type IV allergic reactions were investigated by its topical application to rats and mice, and the effects were compared with those of betamethasone 17-valerate (BV, 0.12%), indomethacin (ID, 1%), and bufexamac (BM, 5%), which were all prepared with the same ointment base. Type I: GL showed inhibitory effects on the 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats. The inhibitory activity of GL on the PCA had the same potency as that of BV (0.12%). GL also inhibited the degranulation of mast cells induced by PCA. Type II: GL did not exert an inhibitory effect on the reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA) in rats, but BM, ID and BV had an inhibitory activity on the RCA. Type III: BV markedly inhibited the direct passive Arthus reaction in rats. On the other hand, GL, BM and ID had not an inhibitory activity on it. Type IV: GL (0.2, 1 and 5%) showed a concentration-dependent inhibition on the delayed-type hypersensitivity response induced by oxazolone in mice, and the activity was stronger than those of ID and BM. From these results, it is suggested that GL applied externally possesses a potent effect as an anti-allergic drug on Type I and Type IV allergic reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean (Glyteer) on a psoriasic model in the mouse (4)].

Effect of Glyteer (GL) on edema and epidermal hyperplasia in mouse ear by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were investigated by its topical application; and the effects were compared with those of betamethasone 17-valerate (BV), indomethacin (IM) and cyclosporin (CS). GL significantly inhibited the edema in mouse ear at 6 hr after TPA treatment. The inhibitory activity of GL on the edema had the same potency as those of BV, IM and CS. Furthermore, GL inhibited the epidermal weight and its protein amount on the hyperplastic response in mouse ear at 3 days after TPA treatment, and the inhibitory activity of GL was also confirmed by the pathologic findings. The mode of the inhibitory action of GL was the same as those of BV and CS, but not that of IM. From those results, it is suggested that GL possesses a potent therapeutic effect for psoriasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of ethanol consumed in distilled spirits.

The amount of ethanol consumed in alcoholic beverages is often used as one indicator of alcohol's impact on health and society. An objective method of measuring the amount consumed in liquor can be derived in most years from the federal excise taxes and revenues that are levied on liquor according to proof or ethanol content. Similar measurement is not possible for wine and beer. Ethanol consumed in liquor and related statistics are provided from 1960 to 1986, as computed from liquor excise tax revenues. Per capita ethanol consumption increased 39.1% between 1960 and 1974, almost the same as the 41.4% increase of apparent liquor consumption. The average ethanol content of liquor remained almost unchanged in this period. In contrast, sustained trends of lower proof and of relatively lower ethanol consumption are shown after 1974. Between 1974 and 1986 average proof of liquor decreased 17.0% and total ethanol consumed fell 23.9%, considerably more than the 8.3% decline of total liquor consumption. Per capita ethanol consumption dropped 37.5%, half again more than the 25.1% decrease of liquor consumption.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1996

Using panel data to determine the effect of advertising on brand-level distilled spirits sales.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect that brand-level advertising has on brand-level spirits demand. METHODS: Using a panel data set consisting of 16 brands and 14 years of data, a fixed effects model of brand-level spirits demand was estimated. RESULTS: It was found that own-brand advertising, income, rival-brand price, a time trend and brand loyalty all have a significant effect on brand-level spirits demand. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that brand-level spirits advertising results only in brand switching and does not increase the overall size of the market.

Advertising↗