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Results for “Dissociative Disorders”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Use of alternate therapist during pregnancy leave.

Women therapists involved in the long-term treatment of severely disturbed patients can be faced with interruptions due to childbearing. In the following cases, use of an alternate therapist during pregnancy-related leaves of absence was helpful in bridging the therapeutic pause and allowed the patients to make significant gains.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Imaginal, sensory, and cognitive experience in spontaneous recovery from alcoholism.

Although alcoholism is often regarded as an intractable disorder that requires intensive treatment, studies of the natural history of alcoholism indicate that unaided, spontaneous recovery may be the most common pathway to remission from alcoholism. Negative environmental consequences of alcoholic drinking have been invoked to explain spontaneous recovery, but a more compelling reason for sudden changes in drinking behavior concerns shifts in the personal meanings surrounding alcohol use. Extensive interviews in a multimodal format were conducted with two groups of alcoholics: one group comprised of 7 subjects who spontaneously recovered without treatment and the other group comprised of 9 people who believed formal treatment was necessary to abstain from drinking. Spontaneously recovered alcoholics reported experiencing vivid sensations and images at the time they decided to quit drinking, and they reported subsequent transformations of their personal identities. Active alcoholics reported no comparable experiences in imaginal, sensory, and cognitive modalities. Implications of the results for current alcoholism treatments are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Consciousness disorders in focal lesions of the right and left cerebral hemispheres].

In the light of modern concepts of functional asymmetry in the human brain, the authors analyse paroxysmal conditions of changed consciousness which occurred in 160 patients with lesions of the hemispheres due to brain tumors (75 patients) and in epilepsy (85 patients). It is shown that certain forms of changed consciousness are characteristic of disorders of the right and left hemispheres in right-handedness. This clinical fact is taken as a basis for the assumption that in the formation of consciousness both hemispheres in different ways play a certain role and they provide different "formating" kinds of consciousness: the right hemisphere--a direct perception or a sensory perception of the environment and itself, the left--process of abstract perception based on speech, symbols, semantics.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Are multiple personalities borderline? An analysis of 33 cases.

The authors detail their investigation into the positive relationship between borderline personality and multiple personality and present their finding that although borderline personality disorder is very prevalent in patients with multiple personality disorder, it is not universal and is a separate and distinct disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Living and working with MPD.

1. Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is more common than one may think. There are many people with undiagnosed MPD. 2. As a caring, effective nurse for MPDs, set boundaries. Clients with MPD need to feel safe with the nurses with whom they talk. It is essential to establish a trusting bond. Respect each patient's alters--and believe in them. They will come out when they feel safe. Be direct and honest. 3. Do not play games. Although it is fascinating to watch the switch take place, it can be extremely frightening for an MPD patient when a nurse tries to call alters out and send others back.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Culture-bound syndromes.

Since its inception, scholars have struggled with the concept of CBSs. This struggle is reflected in the continuing use of a term that is confusing and inaccurate. Most authors would agree that the term "culture-bound syndrome" was intended to describe forms of otherwise common mental illness that are rendered unusual because of the pathoplastic influence of culture. It was intended not only to describe specific syndromes, but also meanings of illness and non-Western notions of disease causation. The term has become an anachronism, for the word, "syndrome," implies specific disease entities, not illnesses of attribution of idioms of distress. Furthermore, the word "bound" implies that the entities described are restricted to a single culture. Close examination reveals that many of the so-called "culture-bound" syndromes are found in multiple cultures that have in common only that they are "non-Western." It may be unreasonable to expect one term to describe these different concepts. The most accurate of the designations offered might be "folk diagnostic categories." Perhaps the most difficult question remaining is "How can we understand (and classify) these phenomena in such a way that highlights their uniqueness but does not dismiss them as too rare and exotic to warrant attention?" The first step is to recognize that the CBSs are a heterogeneous group of conditions. We must next acknowledge that the concepts represented may be difficult for the average Western clinician to recognize but, in their respective cultures, are neither rare nor unusual. With 80% of our increasingly shrinking world coming from "non-Western" cultures, a familiarity with non-Western notions of disease causation is particularly important for modern clinicians. Many authors have recommended that those CBSs that are "true" syndromes be classified together with their Western counterparts. In order to do this, the folk labels need to be put aside and the fundamental components of each disorder examined. Each entity would have to be placed in the body of the classificatory manual, and defined by its symptoms, not by the fact that its form is highly influenced by culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Dissociative experiences and trauma in eating disorders.

This study explores the relationship between traumatic experiences and dissociative phenomena in a large group of eating disorder patients (N = 98). Traumatic experiences were assessed by means of a self-report questionnaire and a clinical interview; dissociative experiences were assessed with the newly developed self-reporting Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q). About 25% of the patients reported to have experienced traumatic events in their personal life and this subgroup had significantly higher scores on the DIS-Q, compared with normal control subjects. About 12% of our patient sample mentioned dissociative experiences to a degree as high as in a group of patients with dissociative disorders. Amnesia turned out to be the most specific characteristic in trauma-induced dissociation. These data suggest that trauma-induced dissociative experiences may play an important role in the development of a subgroup of patients with an eating disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Dissociation in bulimic and non-eating-disordered women.

A relationship between dissociative experiences and the eating disorders has been reported. However the nature of that link is not clearly understood. This study investigates the links between dissociation (as measured by the Dissociative Experiences Scale-DES II) and eating psychopathology in a clinical group of bulimic women and a nonclinical group of undergraduates. In the nonclinical group, specific dissociative styles were found to be linked with bulimic attitudes on the Eating Attitudes Test. In the eating-disordered group, there was an association between the scales of the DES II and frequency of bringing. This association was primarily due to the effects of the dissociative style of absorption (e.g., daydreaming). Suggestions are made for further research, and the clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Acute psychological reactions in assault victims of non-domestic violence: peritraumatic dissociation, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression.

The aims of this study were to investigate acute and subacute post-traumatic reactions in victims of physical non-domestic violence. A Norwegian sample of 138 physically assaulted victims was interviewed and a questionnaire was completed. The following areas were examined: the frequency and intensity of acute and subacute psychological reactions such as peritraumatic dissociation (PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety and depression; the relationship between several psychological reactions; the relationship between psychological reactions and level of physical injury, perceived life threat, and potential of severe physical injury, and the relationship between psychological reactions and socio-demographic variables. The following distress reactions were measured retrospectively: PD, PTSD, and anxiety and depression. Thirty-three per cent of the victims scored as probable PTSD cases according to the Post Traumatic Symptoms Scale 10 (PTSS-10); the corresponding Impact of Event Scale-15 (IES-15) score identified prevalence of 34% respectively. Forty-four per cent scored as cases with probable anxiety and depression, according to the Hopkins Symptom Check List 25 (HSCL-25). Severity of perceived threat predicted higher scores on all measures of psychological reactions. There were no statistically significant differences between acute and subacute groups on PD, PTSS-10, IES-15, IES-22 and HSCL-25 according to measured means (and standard deviations) and occurrence of probable cases and risk level cases. The results showed no connection between severity of physical injury and caseness. The acute psychological impairment that results from assault violence may have a deleterious effect on the mental health of victims.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Dissociative phenomena in women with borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine whether trauma variables and certain behavioral correlates are differentially prevalent in borderline personality disorder patients with greater and those with lesser dissociative experience. METHOD: Subjects were 62 female inpatients, all meeting DSM-III-R criteria for borderline personality disorder, 14 of whom also had a concomitant dissociative disorder diagnosis. Structured interviews and published scales were used to collect data addressing a priori hypotheses. RESULTS: Univariate analyses supported hypotheses that patients with borderline personality disorder and greater dissociative experience are characterized by more self-reported traumatic experiences, posttraumatic symptoms, behavioral dyscontrol, self-injurious behavior, and alcohol abuse. Multivariate analyses suggested that scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale were predicted particularly by adult sexual assault, behavioral dyscontrol, and both sexual and physical abuse in childhood. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of the Dissociative Experience Scale as a brief screening instrument to aid in the identification of borderline personality disorder patients with prominent posttraumatic and dissociative disorders. Patients with borderline personality disorder seem to be characterized by somewhat different life experiences, treatment histories, and behavioral presentations depending on their level of dissociative experience, even though they meet the same DSM-III-R criteria. Neither extreme view of the overlap in diagnostic populations was supported.

Adolescent↗