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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Interception of some direct-acting mutagens by ergothioneine.

Ergothioneine, a novel imidazole sulfhydryl/thione compound formed in millimolar amounts by fungi, is a potentially important defense against electrophiles and free radicals. Protection may well occur both in organisms that synthesize ergothioneine and in animals including man that ingest and store ergothioneine in red blood cells, the liver, seminal fluid, and central nervous system. Ergothioneine blocks the mutagenicity for Salmonella strain TA1950 (hisG46 uvrB) of the nitrosation products of spermidine to an extent that is approximately proportional to the ergothioneine concentration. Ergothioneine also alleviates mutagenicity of cumene and t-butyl hydroperoxides but does not react with N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine as does the cysteinyl sulfhydryl compound, glutathione.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed2003

Toxicological evaluation of mixtures of nonionic surfactants, alone and in combination with oil.

The toxicity to human bronchial (16-HBE14o-) epithelium cells of nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene-10-oleyl ether (C(18:1)E(10)), polyoxyethylene-10-dodecyl ether (C(12)E(10)), and N,N-dimethyl-dodecylamine-N-oxide (C(12)AO) alone or in combination with a range of pharmaceutically acceptable oils (namely, ethyl esters and triglyceride oils), was determined with the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Regardless of the presence of oil, all C(12)E(10)- and C(12)AO-containing systems were toxic at concentrations around or below their critical aggregation concentrations (as determined by surface tension measurements), suggesting that surfactant toxicity was due to the disruption caused by the partitioning of monomeric surfactant into the cell membrane. Systems prepared from C(18:1)E(10) alone or in combination with a low-molecular-weight oil, such as ethyl butyrate or tributyrin, were toxic above their critical aggregation concentration. In contrast, systems prepared from C(18:1)E(10) in combination with a high-molecular-volume oil (e.g., ethyl oleate, Miglyol 812, or soybean oil) were toxic only at concentrations significantly greater than their critical aggregation concentration, suggesting that in these cases surfactant toxicity was mediated by the aggregated form of the surfactant solubilizing components of the cell membrane. In the C(18:1)E(10)-stabilized system, it is proposed that toxicity was significantly reduced on incorporation of high-molecular-volume oils because these oils cause formation of a distinct oil core in the aggregates that leads to a reduction in the ability of the system to solubilize components of the cell membrane.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Some effects of 1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-dimethylamino-methyl-1-nonen-3-one hydrochloride on Escherichia coli GK-19.

1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-dimethylaminomethyl-1-nonen-3-one hydrochloride (Id) was shown to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli GK-19 at a concentration of 50 micrograms/mL in a medium of pH 6.5. Maximal antibacterial activity was found during the logarithmic growth phases rather than at the early stationary phase. Electron microscopy revealed that Id caused lysis, and inhibition of respiration and retardation of RNA and protein syntheses occurred in the bacteria with this compound at 50 micrograms/mL.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Hypolipidemic activity of N,N-dimethyl-n-octadecylamine borane in rodents.

N,N-Dimethyl-n-octadecylamine borane proved to be an effective hypolipidemic agent in rodents, lowering both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels by greater than 40% after 16 d of administration. The agent lowered serum lipid levels by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of rate-limiting enzymes of both de novo cholesterol and triglyceride pathways in the liver. The reduction led to lower levels of lipids in the liver and small intestine tissues, with a reduction of the cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. Concurrently, the cholesterol level of high density lipoproteins (HDL) was significantly elevated in rats after 14 d of treatment. The drug caused an increased rate of cholesterol clearance from the body, essentially via the feces. The ability of the agent to modulate the cholesterol levels of LDL and HDL fractions suggests that the agent should be an effective agent for the treatment of hyperlipidemic states in humans.

Animals↗