Innovations in EMS education. A look at EMS educational programs & teaching concepts that work for the adult learner.
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Adult↗
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Results for “Diffusion of Innovation”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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Quality, innovation, and value for money: NICE and the British National Health Service.
The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was established as a part of the British National Health Service in 1999 to set standards for the adoption of new health care technologies and the management of specific conditions. In doing so it was required explicitly to take into account both clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This article describes how NICE has responded to the challenge and considers whether its experience of balancing quality, innovation, and value for money holds policy lessons for the United States.
Academies and Institutes↗
Innovation as hospital culture: a trial and demonstration facility in an acute-care hospital ward.
This short communication describes the establishment of a trial and demonstration facility for new products, technologies, methods and procedures in an acute-care hospital ward at Concord Hospital in Sydney, Australia. The importance of innovation for all businesses, including hospitals, is discussed; and, why a project like the Model Ward can promote innovation as part of the corporate culture. The Model Ward development, implementation and its benefits are reported on and discussed.
Australia↗
Understanding work group culture on rehabilitation units: the key to facilitating group innovation and promoting integration.
Understanding work group culture is essential for the smooth running of today's complex rehabilitation units. Failure to understand a unit's culture can impede necessary care delivery innovations and impair group integration. This article describes the phenomenon of work group culture and offers suggestions for assessing and understanding a given unit's culture. It also illustrates how an understanding of work group culture can facilitate innovation by reframing and tailoring a change and can promote integration by helping nurses adjust to a new unit.
Diffusion of Innovation↗
Reformulating the development theory of welfare.
Industrialization, technological change and overall economic development are often cited as important factors in the development of welfare states. This article examines the importance of cycles in economic activity and cycles in technological innovation to enhancing our understanding of welfare. The history of technological change in health-care services is used to illustrate the argument.
Diffusion of Innovation↗
Beyond managed costs.
Managed care organizations (MCOs) face an uncertain future. While consolidation and price competition have expanded their market share, health care expenditures are expected to rise in the near future, and the cost containment premise--and promise--of MCOs is being threatened by mixed blessing and nonsupportive stakeholders. To shed light on MCOs' situation, we discuss four drivers for change in health management in the U.S.: technology, regulation, consumerism, and demographics. Using those four drivers, we then assess the various stakeholders in the industry through a competitive analysis and a stakeholder analysis. These analyses suggest that the munificence of the MCO business environment has significantly declined, especially among supplier and buyer stakeholders. Hence, MCOs cannot continue to manage health care costs alone as this will no longer generate sufficient support among buyer and supplier stakeholders. Instead, MCOs must tackle five critical health care issues by working closely with other stakeholders and also by learning what they can from innovative health care initiatives both inside and outside the United States.
Cost Control↗
The poster presentation as an educational tool.
The authors describe their experiences in using the poster presentation to develop undergraduate nursing students in the scholarly role of professional nursing practice. The posters were used as a means for students to communicate their accomplishments in implementation and evaluation of an innovative clinical project. Methods for development, exhibition, and evaluation of the poster project are described.
Audiovisual Aids↗
Components of nurse innovation: a model from acute care hospitals.
Components that promote nurse innovation in acute care hospitals are explicated in the Acute Care Nursing Innovation Model. Grounded in nursing care delivery systems and excellent management-organizations perspectives, nurse executives and 30 nurse "intrapreneurs" from 10 innovative hospitals spanning the United States shared their experiences and insights through semistructured, tape-recorded telephone interviews. Guided by interpretive interactionist strategies, the essential components, characteristics, and interrelationships are conceptualized and described so that others may be successful in their innovative endeavors. Successful innovation is dependent on the fit between and among the components; the better the fit, the more likely the innovation will succeed.
Creativity↗
Facilitating large-scale transitions to quality of care: an idea whose time has come.
In the field of reproductive health, investigation of the transfer of knowledge gained from demonstration and pilot projects to large public-sector programs typically has not been considered a relevant domain for research or other investigation. This article draws on a range of research in the social sciences and presents two frameworks for understanding the critical attributes of successful expansion of small-scale innovations. Seven key lessons are developed using examples from family planning where scaling up was an explicit objective, including the early Taichung Study of Taiwan, the Chinese Experiment in Quality of Care, the Bangladesh MCH-FP Extension Project, the Navrongo Project in Ghana, and the Reprolatina Project in Brazil. Unless small, innovative projects concern themselves from the outset with determining how their innovations can be put to use on a larger scale, they risk remaining irrelevant for policy and program development.
Diffusion of Innovation↗
One-stop shop. The houseworks experience: redefining innovations in private-pay home care.
For more than thirty years, forward-looking gerontologists and entrepreneurs have realized the potential market for private-pay home care services and have proposed creative approaches to meeting the projected demand. Innovative ventures ranging from "life care at home" to "virtual retirement communities" have been launched throughout the country in an attempt to meet a growing need while responding to an unprecedented business opportunity. While these ventures reflect intriguing ideas, the story of an unconventional private-pay home care company in Greater Boston suggests that innovation and creativity are most needed to transform the fundamentals of private-pay service delivery: responsiveness, reliability, customer service, and sales.
Boston↗
Notice of availability of funds; innovative technology development grant for the detection and monitoring of diabetic hypoglycemia by non- or minimally-invasive techniques. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
[Further development of urology in the tension field of surgical and molecular medicine].
Methods based on molecular biology and molecular medicine now have important practical applications in many areas of theoretical and clinical medicine, and it is no longer possible to imagine life without them. This means that in a largely surgical discipline, such as urology, completely new challenges are coming to the fore, which urology, as an academic and clinical discipline, now has to face up to, and to a much greater degree than hitherto. However, there is less and less freedom of action in any university department of urology, as a result not only of intensified legal outline conditions in the healthcare sector and tight public budgets, but also of faculty- and hospital-specific blocks to innovation. There is an urgent need for the creation of appropriate outline conditions and innovative structures that will allow efficient surgical care and also an efficient way of working scientifically.
Academies and Institutes↗
Limited spread of innovation in a wild parrot, the kea (Nestor notabilis).
In the local population of kea in Mount Cook Village, New Zealand, some keas open the lids of rubbish bins with their bill to obtain food scraps within. We investigated the extent to which this innovation has spread in the local population, and what factors limit the acquisition of bin opening. Only five males of 36 individually recognised birds were observed to have performed successful bin opening. With one exception there were always other keas present, watching successful bin opening. Seventeen additional individuals were seen to have benefitted from lid opening. Their foraging success was less than that of the bin openers. Social status of bin openers did not differ from scrounging males. Among the individuals that were regularly seen at the site of the bins but were not successful in bin opening, social status and the ratio of feeding directly from open bins correlated with the amount of opening attempts. We conclude that scrounging facilitated certain behavioural aspects of bin opening rather than inhibiting them. The fact that only 9% of opening attempts were successful, and the long period of time required to increase efficiency in lid opening shows that mainly individual experience, and to a lesser extent insight and social learning, play key roles in acquisition of the opening technique. The results indicate that the spread of innovative solutions of challenging mechanical problems in animals may be restricted to only a few individuals.
Animal Communication↗
Assessment of biotechnology drugs: what are the issues?
Biotechnology is increasingly regarded as an important reservoir for the development of new and innovative, but generally expensive, pharmaceuticals. At the same time, concerns about cost containment have triggered a keen interest in evaluating and comparing the values of diverse health care interventions. In this paper we studied the process of assessment and diffusion of biotechnology drugs by studying three cases, i.e. nebacumab, colony stimulating factors and recombinant human growth hormone. These cases are evaluated in a standardised format, concerning safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness and ethical, legal and social issues. Many factors that determine the fate of a biotechnology drug seemed to be similar to those of 'classical' drugs. The definition and measurement of clinically relevant outcomes has been identified as a key factor in the assessment process. Another important issue is the relatively small population for the primary indications of biotechnology drugs and the subsequent process of broadening of indications. Paradoxically, the current trend towards evidence-based medicine means that we will increasingly have to make decisions based on 'incomplete' knowledge'.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Demand as a driving force in medical innovation.
On the basis of two case histories of medical device innovation, two aspects of demand are identified: (a) the prospect of new markets and (b) information about user needs. Conditions for direct interaction between the user and producer in the innovation process are identified. The article concludes with some normative implications for the publicly designed generation of new medical technology.
Blood Gas Analysis↗
Innovation in Australian hospitals.
This paper examines the challenge of innovation, and reports on innovation in the Australian hospital sector. Through review of both published and 'grey' literature, the analysis of the innovative record of Australian hospitals is focused on two key questions: How has the hospital sector made use of opportunities for renewal and improved effectiveness in its ongoing response to the challenges it faces? And are the conditions for effective innovation in place? To be truly innovative, the Australian hospital sector requires greater supporting mechanisms including: a consistent policy and funding framework, greater ability to harness the power of information, and development of innovation skills. The government has an important role to play in stimulating the creative capacities of hospitals and their staff.
Australia↗
The Ottawa Model of Research Use: a guide to clinical innovation in the NICU.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To improve performance of a neonatal transport team by implementing a research-based family assessment instrument. Objectives included providing a structure for evaluating families and fostering the healthcare relationship. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Neonatal transports are associated with family crises. Transport teams require a comprehensive framework to accurately assess family responses to adversity and tools to guide their practice toward parental mastery of the event. Currently, there are no assessment tools that merge family nursing expertise with neonatal transport. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: A family assessment tool grounded in contemporary family nursing theory and research was developed by a clinical nurse specialist. The Ottawa Model of Research Use guided the process of piloting the innovation with members of a transport team. Focus groups, interviews, and surveys were conducted to create profiles of barriers and facilitators to research use by team members. Tailored research transfer strategies were enacted based on the profile results. OUTCOME: Formative evaluations demonstrated improvements in team members' perceptions of their knowledge, family centeredness, and ability to assess and intervene with families. The family assessment tool is currently being incorporated into Clinical Practice Guidelines for Transport and thus will be considered standard care. CONCLUSION: Use of a family assessment tool is an effective way of appraising families and addressing suffering. The Ottawa Model of Research Use provided a framework for implementing the clinical innovation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: A key role of the clinical nurse specialist is to influence nursing practice by fostering research use by practitioners. When developing and implementing a clinical innovation, input from end users and consumers is pivotal. Incorporating the innovation into a practice guideline provides a structure to imbed research evidence into practice.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Measuring hospital readiness for information technology (IT) innovation: A multisite study of the Organizational Information Technology Innovation Readiness Scale.
The Institute of Medicine has stressed the need for health care organizations to increase their use of information technology (IT) to create safer health care environments, particularly in the area of medication safety. However, the rate of successful organizational IT innovation remains low and this is primarily attributed to a lack of organizational IT innovation readiness. The reported study completes the fourth phase in the development of the 48-item Organizational Information Technology Innovation Readiness Scale (OI-TIRS). The aim of this study was to re-examine the psychometric adequacy of the OITIRS to determine the readiness of three community hospitals to implement a commercial computerized provider order entry (CPOE) medication safety system. Findings supported internal consistency reliability with alpha coefficients from .78 to .92, and mean interitem correlations for the eight subscales ranging from .38 to .65 with a significance level of .01. Construct validity was supported with an overall factor loading range of .49 to .92 across the eight subscales and an explained variance ranged from 33% to 66%. The study findings supported the use of the OITIRS to assess hospital readiness for computer provider order entry system innovation.
Adult↗