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PubMedDate not supplied

[Burnout syndrome among health workers caring for AIDS patients: predictive variables].

UNLABELLED: Psychological stress and coping strategies in staff working with AIDS patients were assessed using self report methods. MEASURES: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Coping Orientations to Problems Experiences (COPE), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Depression Questionnaire (DQ) were completed by staff from 20 hospitals of North-Center Italy, including 329 doctors and nurses working with people with AIDS. The results suggested important correlations among burnout, coping style, depression and anxiety. Inadequate strategies used as Focusing on and Venting of emotion, Behavioral Disengagement and depression predicted high level of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, while Personal Accomplishment were predicted by more adequate strategies (Planning, Restrain coping and Seeking social support) and low level of anxiety.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Free the dinosaurs into butterfly gardens: in a search for changing the profile of the academic professional.

In the present debate about academic medicine in crisis, I argue that the problem is partly the consequence of a global process of alienation and depersonalization. Technology-based medicine is one of the key players which creates unsuitable role models. In its wake and as a consequence, the profile of the academic professional must be redesigned. Academic professionals should influence more strongly not only the quality of health care but the whole mentality in our socialized world. Academia itself should also become an arena for advanced ideas, and creative power pervaded by the humanities -- a facet which has been lost.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1992

Working with the patient designated "Do not resuscitate"--how the nurse copes.

In conclusion, this study describes coping mechanisms used by the nurse when caring for DNA patients. These coping mechanisms are of two types: caring for the patient and caring for the family. Coping mechanisms used when caring for the patient include spending minimal time, avoidance, depersonalization, being present at death, and grooming the patient. Coping mechanisms used when caring for the family include personalization of care and giving information to the family. An understanding of coping strategies used by nurses in caring for DNA patients may assist staff in recognizing and dealing with feelings associated with this stressful phenomenon.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

After a child's death: factors related to parental bereavement.

Bereavement responses were assessed in 45 parents whose children died 6 months to 4 years earlier. Correlational analyses were used to determine which demographic and experiential variables were related to parental responses on 10 scales of the Grief Experiences Inventory (GEI). Parents of boys or children who died suddenly experienced more despair, anger, guilt, and depersonalization. Social support and stress since the child's death and fate-blame versus self-blame were also related to parental responses on specific GEI scales. Clinical implications for work with bereaved parents are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

An exploration of othering in forensic psychiatric and correctional nursing.

In forensic and correctional environments, it is not uncommon for nurses and other health-care practitioners to depersonalize their patients and clients through their use of language. For example, referring to patients as "inmates" "cons," "psychopaths," "schizophrenics," or "monsters" not only evokes stereotypical images, but, more importantly, casts the individual in the role of the other. Othering is generally viewed as a negative form of engagement, one that is contrary to ethical nursing practice. Through the exploration of relational and contextual factors contributing to this phenomenon, the author argues that othering is a contemporary ethical issue that requires ongoing dialogue within the forensic and correctional nursing communities.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does family-centered maternity care empower women? The development of the woman-centered childbirth model.

Family-centered maternity care (FCMC) developed as a consumer reaction to the depersonalization of birth that had been the management standard for childbirth during the first half of the century. The philosophy and focus shifted from technologization to personalization, from birth as a biomedical event to birth as a normal developmental task. Proponents of FCMC focused on the emotional and psychosocial needs of the childbearing family but often defined the family as the traditional nuclear family. Because of this restrictive view of the family, care within FCMC defies simple definition and seems to hinge on the values, philosophy, and sex of the care givers. The issue of power is a predominant theme throughout FCMC and relates to the question of where power is vested--in the woman or in the system. Empowerment of women during childbirth is possible but may need to be conceptualized differently from the current FCMC model. Proposed here is a woman-centered childbirth model that shifts the emphasis back onto the mother as key principal in childbirth and grants her the mandate to personalize her birth to suit both her needs and the needs of her family, however defined.

Birthing Centers↗
PubMed2005

[Psychopathology of self-consciousness in acute alcoholic hallucinosis].

To study self-consciousness changes in initial, manifesting and final stages of acute alcoholic hallucinosis, 60 patients have been examined. In 51 of them, the disease developed on the background of pseudo-dipsomania or constant hard drinking and in 9--of abstinent state. Initial stage of acute alcoholic hallucinosis was characterized by negative type of self-consciousness reaction. In manifesting stage the following variants of self-consciousness were detected: disturbation (vital, somatophysical, autopsychic), suppression (harmonic, dissociated), depersonalization and hyperactivity. In final stage, there were disactualization, nosognosia (adequate-, hypo- and hypernosognosia, anosognosia), partial and total reintegration of self-consciousness. These disorders of self-consciousness appear to be of prognostic and diagnostic value.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of Burnout syndrome among anesthesiologists in Mexicali].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome among anesthesiologists in Mexicali, Mexico. STUDY DESIGN: We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Burnout syndrome was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). We administered the inventory to 92 anesthesiologists between October 2001 and February 2002. Statistical analysis included Chi square tests for categorical variables. RESULTS: 89 questionnaires were returned, 22 females and 67 males. Burnout prevalence was 44% divided as follows: 17% reported high emotional exhaustion, 12.3% reported symptoms compatible with depersonalization, and 10% experienced a sense of low personal accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study differs slightly from the literature, although this may be attributed to the medical specialty we chose to survey. We suggest similar studies be carried out in other cities in Mexico to be able to have comparison groups.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical and experimental-psychological features of depression in late onset schizophrenia patients with Kandinski Klerambo's syndrome].

Clinical-psychopathological and experimental-psychological investigation of depressed late onset schizophrenia patients with Kandinski Klerambo's syndrome made possible to determine the most frequent subgroups of depressive states: a) apatho-adynamic depression, b) depression with cenestopathy and hypochondriac symptoms, c) depression with depersonalization and de-realization, d) melancholic depression. The experimental psychological examination with method of fixed set by D.N Uznadze revealed relatively intact personality features that could be explained by different aging factors. Analyzing correlation between fixed set characteristics among the depressed schizophrenia patients with passivity phenomena we could assume, that basically the fixed set among those patients is stable, persistent, static, steady, constant, generalized and in some cases, in the presence of dis-automation of sensory integrity, it may be local.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Suicidal and parasuicidal behaviour].

UNLABELLED: Subject of the study is suicidal and parasuicidal behaviour in B&H in the period 1992-2004 in relation to transition, anomie and structures of suicidal personalities. METHOD: Two self-destructive groups (in 2001 and in 2005) were tested in B&H. The test group consists of n = 125 subjects who had suicide, and control group consists of n = 125 persons with parasuicidal behaviour. WE USED: GDL, EPQ, HAMD and Pluchic's test in a longitudinal study stratified by the seriousness of suicide and quality of parasuicide. RESULTS: Self-destructivity has been increasing in B&H. Socio-demographic data of the suicide are: gender = 73.3 +/- 2.5 (m) 26.7 +/- 2.7 (f), broken family = 34.4 +/- 4.8, migration = 52.2 +/- 3.2, heredity = 46.7 +/- 2.0 and parasuicide: gender = 47.8% +/- 5.2(m), 26.7 +/- 2.7(f), broken family = 41.1% +/- 5.2, migration = 54.4% +/- 4.6, heredity = 41.3 +/- 2.8. EPQ in suicide is: M +/- SD--neuroticism = 16,73 +/- 7.03, psychosis = 18,21 +/- 6.64, and in parasuicide extroversion = 15,37 +/- 4.21 and Lay-scale = 13,95 +/- 3.37, and significance p<0.01. HAMD is increased in suicide: H +/- SD: depression: 2.99 +/- 1.21, emotion of guilt = 2.19 +/- 1.14, suicide = 3.91 +/- 1.19, early insomnia = 2.11 +/- 1.21, anxiety = 1.93 +/- 1.21 with p<0.01, and in parasuicide: hypochondria = 1.77 +/- 0.95, depersonalization = 1.71 +/- 0.65, and O-K-signs = 1.59 +/- 0.79 with p<0.01. Pluchic's test separates basic emotions, and all is gathered by matrix of discriminative function. CONCLUSION: High level of self-destruction in suicidal and parasuicidal behaviour is proven in the study. Suicide shows faster self-destruction and a way of suicidal end, and parasuicide slower destruction with postponing the suicidal crash. Sign of suicide and parasuicide can be found in both groups of respondents and the ways of expression are different, but definite in suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Time perception by patients with depression in manic-depressive psychosis and recurrent schizophrenia].

The author provides the results of a clinicopsychological examination of time perception and surviving by 58 depressive patients with manic-depressive psychosis (MDP) and attack-like schizophrenia. The time surviving and counting off were done in the three clinical variants of depression: hypochondriacal, agitated and apathetic. The surviving of time violation was regarded in the structure of depersonalization disorders, particularly "Ego" stability in time as well as bearing in mind the duration, sequence, localization, rate, tempo and rhythm of the events and emotional experience. The most pronounced and diverse disorders of time surviving were recorded in hypochondriacal depression of MDP, less remarkable and latent in apathetic depression within the framework of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prerequisites for the occurrence of burnout syndrome in oncology nurses.

BACKGROUND: The burnout syndrome, as defined in literature, is the ultimate result of prolonged stress in the professional life of nurses characterised mainly by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to investigate and analyse those factors of the work environment that have an effect on the development of burnout syndrome in nurses working in an oncology in-patient clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a questionnaire survey. Our study sample consisted of 70 nurses representing 78% of the medical nursing staff in the Plovdiv Oncology In-patient Clinic. Descriptive statistics and the analysis of proportions were used in the statistical analysis of data. Calculations and graphical presentation were done using MS Excel 97 and SPSS 11.0. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Most of the respondents (98.5%) said that the pain experienced by patients was the most significant factor contributing to their emotional exhaustion. The following factors were ranked by the respondents given in ascending order of strength: strong pain--100%, fear of death--59.4%, the thought that the patients leave their relatives for good--55.1%. Most of the respondents (56.5%) reported that it was the everyday encounter with pain and lack of hope that depressed them most; 67% of them said they were demotivated by the everyday encounter with death. We should also note the fact that more than half of the respondents said that their professional life affected their social life and the relations within their families. CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with those reported by Haberman MR according to whom the care for a dying cancer patient is the most difficult aspect of nursing as a profession.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation of the intensity of stress at work and burnout syndrome in the managers].

BACKGROUND: Burn out syndrome is connected with the intensity of stress at work. It is a common problem among people who work in management departments. This significantly decreased the effectiveness of work and the quality of psychosocial functioning. The purpose of the study was to establish the dependence between occupational stress and burnout syndrome in the group of managers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studied group consisted of 73 managers, aged 27-55 years. The Perceived Job Stress Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used in this study. RESULTS: The data obtained revealed significant intensity of stress filling at work in evaluated group. The most stressful factors occur: psychical balance of work, lack of rewards, social contacts and uncertainty at work. The highest risk of burnout syndrome is associated with symptoms of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intensity of occupational stress is connected with the greater intensification of burnout syndrome in investigated group of managers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Burnout syndrome--assessment of a stressful job among intensive care staff.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of burnout experienced by intensive care staff particularly, in Medical (MICU) and Surgical Intensive Care Units (SICU) General Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb. A sample group of 41 emergency physicians and nurses from MICU and 30 from SICU was tested. The survey included demographic data and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scoring test identified by the three main components associated with burnout: emotional exhaustion (MBI-EE), depersonalization (MBI-DEP), and personal accomplishment (MBI-PA) were assessed using 22-item questionnaire. The degrees of burnout were stratified into low, moderate, and high range. Mean total MBI (X +/- SD) were high in both groups: higher for the MICU (65.5 +/- 6.7) than for SICU staff (55.7 +/- 3.8, p < 0.05). MICU staff showed moderate degree of MBI-EE (24.9 +/- 11.2), MBI-DEP (6.0 +/- 5.6), and as well as MBI-PA (34.4 +/- 8.8). The same parameters showed better results among SICU staff: low degree of MBI-EE (17.1 +/- 5.2), as well as low level of MBI-DEP (5.2 +/- 5.0), and moderate degree of MBI-PA (33.7 +/- 9.8). The differences between the groups was statistically significant only for the total MBI, and for MBI-EE (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between MICU and SICU staff for MBI-DEP or MBI-PA parameters. Overall job burnout represented in a moderate degree. The presence of burnout is a serious phenomenon, because it can lead to psychosomatic complaints, work-associated withdrawal behaviour, and a lower quality of care at intensive care units. Early recognition of burnout phenomenon as a result of prolonged stress and frustration among intensive care staff, contributes to better professional behavior, organizational structure changes in the work environment and better health care quality for critically ill patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creating healing environments.

In 2004 two organizations, the George Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, Washington, DC, and the Supportive Care Coalition: Pursuing Excellence in Palliative Care, Portland, OR, collaborated in an experiment seeking antidotes to the depersonalization of health care. Their "Hospital-Based Spirituality Initiative: Creating Healing Environments" was intended to achieve two objectives: First, to develop and test strategies that encourage clinical caregivers to attend to patients' spiritual concerns; and, second, to better understand the organizational values and infrastructure that support increasing the spiritual care that caregivers provide. The initiative was conducted in five faith-based hospitals and two secular hospitals. Evaluation of the data indicated that the initiative was success for patients and caregivers.

District of Columbia↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical features of messianic delusions in schizophrenic spectrum disorders].

Clinical features of messianic delusions in endogenous psychoses have been retrospectively studied in 75 patients (33 male, 42 female, aged 16-62 years, illness duration from 0.5 to 39 years) with diagnosis paranoid schizophrenia, continuous type (F20.00)--18 patients, attack like progressive type (F20.02)--17 patients, schizoaffective disorder (F25)--27 and acute polymorphic psychotic disorder (F23.03)--13. Being a kind of delusion of grandeur, messianic delusion is characterized by destruction of "self" as break with the past experience, transformation to mythological characters (total depersonalization) and assignment of supernatural power. Its content is similar to apocalyptical, mystical, antagonistic (Manicheam) delusions. Formation of the delusion plot occurred in the framework of hallucinate-paranoid syndrome received its greatest expression in the structure of paraphrenic and oneiroid syndromes. The volume of its content, duration and mechanisms of delusion formation (hallucinative, sensual and delusion of imagination) were defined by a form of schizophrenic psychosis. Sometimes such patients confer social danger and demand more attention from psychiatrists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[A necessary integration].

The author reflects about the need to integrate health system professionals with the demands of society. The relationships among citizens and health professionals, inside the structure of the sanitary system, develop inside a global context constituted by society The tendency of the sanitary system to increase the power of a biomedical vision and the depersonalization of the relationships with patients should lead to a social debate about the desired, necessary and sustainable model of health care-nursing. A bio-psycho-social concept of health care, an integration of scientific knowledge and the incorporation of communicational competencies constitutes one of the challenges to be met by a sanitary system which should consider the individual person to be its prime reason to exist.

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated↗
PubMed2006

[The burnout syndrome among nurses working in Lithuanian cardiac surgery centers].

UNLABELLED: The burnout syndrome may be defined as a complex phenomenon which is characterized by three components: emotional burnout (physical and psychical exhaustion, incapability to carry on requirements), depersonalization (cynical attitude towards performed work, duties, cold or negative reaction to the patients), and lowered efficiency (reflected by the sense of incompetence, the lack of efficiency and achievements). This process is progressing slowly for a long time and is characterized individually by various psychical and physical symptoms of different intensity. The aim of this study was to examine the manifestation of burnout syndrome and to estimate the influence of the syndrome on the behavior and practice of the nurses in cardiac surgery units of Lithuania (to evaluate physiological and psychological symptoms of the burnout). METHODS: The study was performed using a questionnaire. A total of 180 questionnaires completed by nurses in Lithuanian cardiac surgical centers (Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda) were analyzed. RESULTS: The study revealed that 72.8% of nurses had an excess of workload (exceeding full-time job). Most of the respondents (84.4%) pointed out the emotional stress, unevaluated work and underpayment. Three-fourths of the nurses (75%) indicated that they felt physical fatigue after their work. More than half of nurses (67.2%) felt general fatigue, 63.3% reported the leg pains after the work, and 32.2% feel splitting headaches. Psychological fatigue was stressed by 86.1% of specialists. The main causes of psychological stress are as follows: the communication with the doctors in 57% of the cases, communication with the patient's relatives in 52% of cases, communication with the nursing administration in 49% of cases, and communication with the patients in 40% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the nurses working in the centers of cardiac surgery experience physical and psychological fatigue, emotional stress. All this determinates the dissatisfaction in the work, conflicts rising between the nurse and job environment. Above-mentioned symptoms show the progression of the burnout syndrome.

Adult↗