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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Influence of percentage of osseointegration on stress distribution around dental implants.

OBJECTIVE: Stress around implants may lead to bone resorption and loss of the implant. The present study examined the influence of percentage of osseointegration at the implant-bone interface on the transmission of occlusal forces for endosseous dental implants. METHODS: The three-dimensional finite element method used in the study was built from data obtained from slices of dental computed tomography scans. The study modeled a 3.75 x 10-mm cylindric implant placed in an edentulous mandible. Varying the elastic parameters assigned to the implant-bone interface, a load of 35 N was applied at the occlusal surface of the restoration at the vertical axis of the implant. Maximum principal stress, minimum principal stress and Von Mises stress were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The most extreme stresses in the bone were always located around the neck of the implant. Those stresses in the implant-tissue interface decreased in inverse proportion to the increase in percentage of osseointegration. These results indicate the value of osseointegration in the aspect of mechanics.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Serum levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients treated with dental implants.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of proinflammatory interleukins (IL)--IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in the blood of patients subjected to dental implant anchorage procedures. The study involved 10 generally healthy people aged 27-52, 4 men and 6 women. The patients were characterised by normal oral hygiene and lack of clinical symptoms of oral inflammation. Surgical procedures used Italian Logos system dental implants. The blood for analysis was collected three times: prior to surgery, one day and four months after the procedure before implant exposure. Interleukin levels were assayed with the ELISA method. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using Wicoxon's test. In all the cases examined soft tissue healing following the procedure was uneventful. The three consecutive examinations revealed similar IL-1 blood levels. Mean serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 increased significantly in the second examination and returned to the close-to-initial values after 4 months. Increase of blood serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the first day after implantation reflects local inflammation process caused by tissue impair.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Acute maxillary sinusitis from a dental implant: an unusual case report.

In this case report, we present an unusual complication of a previously inserted dental implant leading to maxillary sinusitis. The implant was removed and the patient postoperatively prescribed antibiotic medication. At the follow-up examination, healing was observed without any complications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

A technique for intraradicular dental implants.

A technique utilizing nonvital roots for the support of intraradicular dental implants has been developed and tested. Using this technique it may be possible to preserve the roots of teeth that would normally be lost because of periodontal involvement. In this technique, a suitable tooth is treated endodontically. The crown is then removed to the height of the alveolar crest, and the root is drilled and tapped to accept a threaded stainless steel Heli-Coil insert. The root is then covered with a gingival flap. This allows for the regeneration of periodontal tissues around the root while it isolated from the oral environment. Following the period of natural healing, a stainless steel post is threaded into the Heli-Coil root implant. In the present studies (canine roots in a rhesus monkey) the implant posts are fitted with Adaptic crowns. These implants have been in place for more than 6 months with no sign of implant failure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protease activities in peri-implant sulcus fluid from patients with permucosal osseointegrated dental implants. Correlation with clinical parameters.

The 15 patients included in this study each had 2-6 permucosal Branemark osseointegrated implants that had functioned successfully for 18 months or more. They were given a full oral examination which included measurements of probing depth and gingival, bleeding and plaque indices around the implants. Marginal bone reduction during the functional life of the implants was estimated from radiographs. At a separate visit, peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) was collected on filter paper strips from the deepest probing site of each implant. PISF volumes were measured and the samples eluted into buffer. Protease activities in the eluates were determined by fluorimetric assay with peptidyl derivatives of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin. Enzyme levels followed the order: cathepsin B/L greater than elastase greater than dipeptidyl peptidase IV greater than trypsin-like activity. Total enzyme activities and concentrations both correlated positively with all clinical parameters in linear regression analysis. This was true on both a patient level using mean patient values and a site level using pooled patient data. Nearly all of the site level correlations were statistically significant, though coefficients were generally higher for total enzyme activities than concentrations. Elastase-like activity gave the best overall correlations of the different proteases measured. Amongst the clinical parameters, correlations were generally best with gingival index and bone reduction. Total enzyme activities had good diagnostic specificity and sensitivity as predictors of clinical parameters and the figures were especially high for elastase-like activity as a marker of bone reduction. PISF proteases may thus be of value in monitoring tissue responses to osseointegrated implants.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Longitudinal clinical efficacy of Core-Vent dental implants: a five-year report.

During a five-year period (1982 to 1987), 1732 Core-Vent dental implants were consecutively placed in upper and lower edentulous and partially edentulous jaws of male and female patients. Of the 1732 implants placed, 1605 were uncovered after the 3-6-month healing time. Any non-osseointegrated implants were removed, and the stable implants were put into function. No significant difference in osseointegration rate or maintenance of osseointegration between upper and lower jaws in either totally or partially edentulous patients was observed. Over 96% of the 1605 implants achieved and maintained osseointegration during this time.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface chemistry effects of topographic modification of titanium dental implant surfaces: 1. Surface analysis.

PURPOSE: To analyze the surface composition of 34 different commercially available titanium dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surface composition was evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Samples were divided into 4 groups, depending on their surface topography (machined, sandblasted, acid etched, or plasma sprayed). RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the data showed a clear relationship between surface composition and topography, which can be easily accounted for by the chemical effects of the surface treatment performed. On average, acid-etched and plasma-sprayed surfaces had higher titanium and lower carbon concentration than machined surfaces. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Current studies aimed at the evaluation of implants with different topography should not implicitly assume that topography is the only variable controlling the biologic response. Rather, when comparing different topographies, it should be taken into account that surface chemistry may be a variable as well.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of postsurgical crestal bone levels adjacent to non-submerged dental implants.

In most of the studies on long-term radiographic evaluations of crestal bone levels adjacent to dental implants, no baseline radiographs taken immediately postsurgically had been obtained. The aim of this study was to test the reproducibility of a simple radiographic method for linear measurements of changes in bone levels and to evaluate changes in crestal bone levels adjacent to non-submerged ITI implants 1 year following the surgical procedure. From 128 patients enrolled in a clinical and radiographic longitudinal study 40 patients also had radiographs taken immediately postsurgically. They were, however, not obtained as "identical" images. The radiographs were mounted onto slides and projected on a screen. Mesially and distally from 57 implants triplicate linear measurements of the distance implant shoulder to bone crest were taken, using known dimensions of the implants as internal reference distances. The median difference of 213 (out of 228 possible) duplicate measurements was 0.00 mm (ranging from -1.72 mm to +1.47 mm when comparing the second to the third reading). Some 81% of the double measurements were within +/- 0.5 mm and the precision was 0.30 mm. In the immediate postoperative radiographs the median mesial bone level was located at 2.07 mm (distally 2.19 mm) from the implant shoulder. A statistically significant amount of bone loss in the first year was observed mesially (median = -0.78 mm) and distally (-0.85 mm) (Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test P < or = 0.001). No statistically significant influence of the implant location, the implant length, type of the implant (screw; cylinder) was observed (Kruskal-Wallis P > 0.05). The age of the patients was not correlated significantly to the amount of bone loss observed. In conclusion, methodological limitations existed when evaluating linear bone changes in non-identical radiographs using reference dimensions of the implants. The amount of postsurgical bone loss estimated in other studies was confirmed when using an immediate postoperative radiograph as a baseline.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dental implantations of ceramics-coated metals].

Recent studies and personal experience of the Authors in the field of dental implants have encountered the same fundamental problem which arises with orthopedic prosthesis procedures. The basic problem is that of adhesion between the bone tissue and the metal implant. Chrome-cobalt alloy, Tantalum and Titanium are the metals of most recent use. The Authors therefore proceeded to investigate the behaviour of alveolar bone tissue in the proximity of artificial teeth made of alloy (platinum-gold) covered with ceramic, as used in prosthetic dentistry. The experiment was carried out in a dog and a man. In the dog, two of its mandibular teeth were substituted with the same ceramic-gold implants: the first, a replica of natural tooth, was placed in the socket and held in place by metal splint and mandibular circumferential wirings. The other implant, without a replicated crown, was left free, within the alveolus, without contacting the near or opposing teeth. A solid smooth surfaced alumina device, shaped like a small cylinder, was implanted in the upper femoral epiphysis of the same animal.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2006

Bone augmentation with bioactive glass in three cases of dental implant placement.

This study reports the clinical use of a bioactive bone graft material, PerioGlas, in the treatment of dental extraction sites before dental implant placement, to effect bone regeneration and to give early fixation to the implant.PerioGlas, granules, ranging from 90 to 710 mm, are implanted after tooth extraction in three patients; after 6 months bone biopsies were performed in the site of the glass implantation and observed under Electron Scanning Microscopy. All the granules showed a biodegradation involving precipitation of calcium phosphate that worked as a scaffold for osteoblasts colonization. All cases examined showed the bioactivity of PerioGlas granules resulting in new bone formation and biodegradation of the glass. After a two-year clinical follow-up all the implants were successfully loaded and appeared stable.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A 6-year prospective study of 620 stress-diversion surface (SDS) dental implants.

A 6-year prospective study was conducted to assess the clinical success rates and crestal bone response of a dental implant system with a stress-diversion design. Mathematical modeling, digital radiography with applied isodensity, and finite element analysis were used to highlight the effect of the stress distribution design. A total of 386 hydroxyapatite-coated prototypes and 234 commercial grit-blasted external hex implants were placed in virgin bone as well as various grafted maxillary regions, with 36% of the posterior implants being immediately loaded. Prototypes achieved 96.6% survival over a 3-year period. The grit-blasted implant, placed from 2000 to 2003, showed a 95% survival rate. There were no significant changes in crestal bone levels after the first 12 months of prosthetic loading. Engineering evaluations suggested that undesirable stresses were distributed from the crest of the ridge down through the center of the implant body.

Air Abrasion, Dental↗
PubMed1978

Surface texture and strength of vitreous carbon-poly(methyl methacrylate) dental implant materials.

A study has been carried out on the surface texture and the strength of several dental implant materials composed of vitreous carbon microballoons (6, 24, and 48 wt %)and poly(methyl methacrylate). Two sizes of microballoons were used--particle size less than 100 micrometer and particle size greater than 100 micrometer. Square wafers of the materials (10 X 10 X 1 mm) were studied with the surface sandblasted in half of the specimens. SEM studies revealed a rough porous surface with scattered moderately sized deep cavities in the 6% and 24% specimens with an increase in the number of cavities in the 24% specimens. The 48% specimens revealed a rough, porous surface composed of large shallow craters. Prepared specimens of the materials, processed by a gas-fired air oven and by a microwave oven, were tested for compressive strength and tensile strength using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Compressive strengths of the various mixtures were similar, but mixtures using VC particle size over 100 micrometer demonstrated somewhat reduced compressive strength. Tensile strengths of the mixutres decreased significantly as the amount of VC increased, with a 20% reduction at 24 wt % and a 45% reduction at 48 wt %.

Carbon↗
PubMed1991

Early failures in 4,641 consecutively placed Brånemark dental implants: a study from stage 1 surgery to the connection of completed prostheses.

This study comprised 4,641 Brånemark dental implants, which were retrospectively followed from stage 1 surgery to completion of the prosthetic restorations. The implants were placed during a 3-year period (1986 to 1988) in 943 jaws, representing 889 patients with complete and partial edentulism. The jaw and sex distribution revealed a predominance of mandibles (564/943) and females (534/943). The mean age of the patients was 57.5 years (range 13 to 88 years) at implant placement. Only 69 (1.5%) fixtures failed to integrate, and most losses were seen in completely edentulous maxillae (46/69), in which the jaw bone exhibited soft quality and severe resorption. A preponderance of failures could also be seen among the shortest fixtures (7 mm). A majority of the mobile implants were recorded at the abutment connection (stage 2) operation (48/69).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The influence of functional use of endosseous dental implants on the tissue-implant interface. I. Histological aspects.

The tissue-implant interfaces of functional and non-functional endosseous dental implants were compared histologically for up to one year post-operatively. Nonmineralized connective tissue zones (a "fibrous capsule") existed in all functional interfaces. Direct, or nearly direct, bone apposition to implants occurred in non-functional interfaces. The origin of this result and its significance in dental implantology is discussed.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1995

Food and Drug Administration requirements for dental implants.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a section of the Department of Health and Human Services of the United States Government, and its primary responsibility is to control the distribution of food, drugs, and medical devices within the country while ensuring public safety. The sale and distribution of dental implants is under the regulatory control of the FDA. Device classification, procedures for approval, and the current status of the approval process for endosseous implants are described in this article. The premarket approval procedure of the FDA is compared with the American Dental Association certification process. Issues related to the safety and effectiveness of dental implants are discussed.

American Dental Association↗
PubMed2000

Patient selection for dental implants. Part 1: data gathering and diagnosis.

In today's dentistry, dental implants have become an excellent choice of treatment for multiple situations. The prognosis of this treatment modality, like any other in dentistry, is highly dependent on appropriate case selection. A multi-stepped data-gathering process, while lengthy, is very important. This process should include a patient interview to gather personal information, the chief complaint, medical history, and dental history. Extra-oral and intra-oral clinical examinations and a radiographic examination should be included.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed2006

Dimensional accuracy of a binder jet model produced from computerized tomography data for dental implants.

A full-scale model produced by multislice helical computerized tomography (CT) was made by using the binder jet method and applied for presurgical diagnosis, surgical simulation, and the production of surgical templates for dental implant treatment. In this study, accuracy of the full-scale model with plaster powder was assessed by shifting the binary threshold values. A step phantom was made from bone-equivalent material. When it was placed in water, the CT imaging was performed with a multislice helical CT unit. Three-dimensional (3-D) images were reconstructed by 3-D visualization software. Using 4 different threshold values, full-scale models were produced by a binder jet method with plaster powder. All sides of the full-scale models were directly measured, and their values were compared with that of the step phantom. The mean difference was approximately 0.1 mm in the axial plane when the setting was 0.75 for the threshold. In total, the mean difference was approximately 0.2 mm when the setting was 0.50 for the threshold. It is suggested this full-scale model could be applied for presurgical diagnosis, surgical simulation, and the production of surgical templates in dental implant treatment.

Computer-Aided Design↗