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PubMed2004

Curation of the Plasmodium falciparum genome.

The malaria genome has proved invaluable to researchers worldwide in the continuing fight against malaria by stimulating and underpinning molecular approaches in gene expression studies, vaccine and drug discovery research, and by providing data to facilitate hypothesis-driven research. The combination of in silico and experimental investigations has already yielded dividends by strengthening our understanding of the many facets of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The recently initiated curation of the genome resource is a vital investment for maintaining and enhancing the use of this genomic information in the post-genomic era.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The curative role of radiotherapy in adenocarcinoma of the prostate in patients under 55 years of age: a rare cancer network retrospective study.

To determine whether radiation therapy could be an acceptable alternative to surgery in young patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, we analysed the outcome of 39 patients aged under 55 with organ confined tumours who received external radiation therapy in a curative intent. Our results suggest that similar local control in younger and older patients can be expected from either external beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Long-term management of patients after potentially curative treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma: practice patterns of members of the Society of Surgical Oncology.

The optimal strategy for follow-up of extremity soft tissue sarcoma patients after primary treatment with curative intent is not known. The 1592 members of the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) were sent a survey to determine their practices. Office visits and chest X-rays were the most frequently performed items for all years. Complete blood count and liver function tests were the most commonly ordered blood tests, but many respondents did not order any blood tests routinely. Imaging studies of the extremities were recommended for most patients during the first postoperative year. Postoperative surveillance strategies after sarcoma treatment vary appreciably among surgeons. Surgeon age, tumor size, tumor grade, and geographic location of the surgeon account for only a modest amount of the variation, suggesting that lack of evidence supporting any particular strategy is the factor responsible for most of the variation. Efforts to provide high-quality evidence on this topic are warranted.

Extremities↗
PubMed2026

Up-to-date, and taxonomy-curated mcrA reference databases for methanogen community profiling.

The methyl-coenzyme M reductase subunit alpha gene (mcrA) is an important phylogenetic marker for high throughput ecological profiling of methanogenic archaea, central to industrial biological methane production and greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, dedicated reference databases predate current relevant NCBI sequence accumulation and archaeal taxonomic revision. We present three updated mcrA reference databases: (i) one derived from NCBI-catalogued methanogen genomes (1572 sequences); (ii) a database built by expansion of a previously published reference dataset, leveraging the NCBI nucleotide collection (27,942 sequences); (iii) a curated-taxonomy version of the latter. The updated amplicon databases provide a ∼ 3.5-fold sequence richness expansion, extend genus-level richness from 31 to 83 taxa, more than 4-fold species-level richness, and incorporate novel lineages compared with the previous reference dataset (e.g. Thermoplasmatota-encompassed). All databases were formatted to support analysis with relevant contemporary software pipelines and packages. Overall, the generated databases facilitate a highly improved characterization of methanogen diversity and ecology.

Archaea↗
PubMed2005

In vivo assessment of toxicity and pharmacokinetics of methylglyoxal. Augmentation of the curative effect of methylglyoxal on cancer-bearing mice by ascorbic acid and creatine.

Previous in vivo studies from several laboratories had shown remarkable curative effect of methylglyoxal on cancer-bearing animals. In contrast, most of the recent in vitro studies have assigned a toxic role for methylglyoxal. The present study was initiated with the objective to resolve whether methylglyoxal is truly toxic in vivo and to reassess its therapeutic potential. Four species of animals, both rodent and non-rodent, were treated with different doses of methylglyoxal through oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes. Acute (treatment for only 1 day) toxicity tests had been done with mouse and rat. These animals received 2, 1 and 0.3 g of methylglyoxal/kg of body weight in a day through oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes respectively. Chronic (treatment for around a month) toxicity test had been done with mouse, rat, rabbit and dog. Mouse, rat and dog received 1, 0.3 and 0.1 g of methylglyoxal/kg of body weight in a day through oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes respectively. Rabbit received 0.55, 0.3 and 0.1 g of methylglyoxal/kg of body weight in a day through oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes respectively. It had been observed that methylglyoxal had no deleterious effect on the physical and behavioral pattern of the treated animals. Fertility and teratogenecity studies were done with rats that were subjected to chronic toxicity tests. It had been observed that these animals produced healthy litters indicating no damage of the reproductive systems as well as no deleterious effect on the offspring. Studies on several biochemical and hematological parameters of methylglyoxal-treated rats and dogs and histological studies of several organs of methylglyoxal-treated mouse were performed. These studies indicated that methylglyoxal had no apparent deleterious effect on some vital organs of these animals. A detailed pharmacokinetic study was done with mouse after oral administration of methylglyoxal. The effect of methylglyoxal alone and in combination with creatine and ascorbic acid on cancer-bearing animals had been investigated by measuring the increase in life span and tumor cell growth inhibition. The results indicated that anticancer effect of methylglyoxal was significantly augmented by ascorbic acid and further augmented by ascorbic acid and creatine. Nearly 80% of the animals treated with methylglyoxal plus ascorbic acid plus creatine were completely cured and devoid of any malignant cells within the peritoneal cavity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Curative surgery for solitary adrenal metastasis of pT1 G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

A preoperative computed tomography scan in a patient undergoing radical cystectomy for pT1N0 grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma revealed a tumor in the adrenal gland. Biopsy was negative, but 2 years later computed tomography showed progression, and adrenalectomy was performed, revealing transitional cell carcinoma. Four years after cystectomy, the patient had no evidence of other metastases. We discuss surgery for solitary metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma as a curative treatment option.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expectant treatment with curative intent in the prostate-specific antigen era: triggers for definitive therapy.

Expectant treatment with curative intent for treatment of low-risk prostate cancer faces 3 challenges in the PSA era: (1) appropriate patient selection, (2) adequate surveillance strategies, and (3) identification of triggers for definitive intervention when cure is still possible. Men 65 years or older with T1c disease, prostate-specific antigen density <0.15 ng/ml/cm3, and favorable biopsy characteristics per the Epstein criteria currently appear to be the safest candidates for expectant treatment. Changes in biopsy characteristics are the most objective trigger for definitive therapy currently in use. Outcomes data are still required to determine the safety of expectant treatment for localized disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

The curative effect of a second curettage in persistent trophoblastic disease: a retrospective cohort survey.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the curative effect of a second curettage in patients with low-risk Persistent Trophoblastic Disease (PTD) after molar pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort survey was performed on 2122 patients registered with the Dutch Central Registry for Hydatidiform Moles between 1987 and 2003. Of these, 422 patients developed PTD. For various reasons, 128 patients were excluded. The study group comprised 85 patients with, according to the Dutch guidelines, low-risk PTD who underwent a second therapeutic curettage as a part of the treatment for PTD. The control group consisted of 209 patients with low-risk PTD who did not undergo a second curettage. Patients in the study and control group were classified for high/low-risk PTD according to the internationally accepted FIGO 2000 guidelines. Primary outcome measures were the need for chemotherapy and if applicable, the number of chemotherapy courses. RESULTS: After second curettage, eight out of 85 patients (9.4%) did not need additional chemotherapy which significantly differs from the 209 patients in the control group who all needed chemotherapy (P < 0.001). A debulking effect of the second curettage was observed: a median of 6 courses (interquartile range 3 courses) in the control group versus 5 courses (interquartile range 3 courses) in the study group (P = 0.036). Four out of the 85 (4.8%) patients with a second curettage had a major complication (uterine perforation or hemorrhage), which was managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: A second curettage cured 9.4% of patients with PTD in this historical cohort and reduces the number of courses of chemotherapy. A second curettage seems to benefit only a limited number of patients with PTD. A randomized controlled prospective trial is needed to confirm this observation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Intratumoral injection of dendritic cells transduced by an SV40-based vector expressing interleukin-15 induces curative immunity mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells.

Cancer immunotherapy has been extensively attempted by gene transfer of cytokines with viral vectors. In this work, we compared the therapeutic effects of interleukin 12 and 15 (IL-12 and IL-15) genes transferred to tumor cells or to dendritic cells (DCs), which were subsequently injected into established tumors. For this purpose, we used viral vectors based on simian virus 40 (rSV40). Importantly, we observed that nonmatured DCs infected with rSV40 vectors remained phenotypically immature. Infection of CT-26 tumor cells with rSV40 expressing IL-12 (rSVIL-12) or IL-15 (rSVIL-15) failed to inhibit tumor development. In contrast, the intratumoral administration of syngeneic DCs transduced with rSVIL-12 or rSVIL-15 was associated with a strong antitumor response; up to 40% tumor remissions were achieved with DCs transduced by rSVIL-12 and 73% with DCs expressing IL-15. This antitumor effect correlated with the in vivo priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Depletion studies showed that rSVIL-15-mediated antitumor efficacy was mediated mainly by CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells. We conclude that (i) SV40-derived vectors are an advantageous alternative to transduce genes into DCs and (ii) DCs transferred with IL-15 have an enhanced capability to induce curative antitumor immunity when injected into malignant lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Is there a role for curative surgery for pelvic recurrence from rectal carcinoma in the presence of hydronephrosis?

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for patients with recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma is not uniformly fatal if one can safely and selectively reoperate on a subset of patients with resectable disease. Even with careful selection, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy and do not have resectable disease. We have reported that the presence of hydronephrosis in the setting of recurrent rectal carcinoma portends a poor outcome because of invariable association with unresectable disease. The purpose of this study was to update our experience of patients presenting with unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis and recurrent rectal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 142 patients with recurrent rectal cancer evaluated at our institution from January 1989 to December 1999 was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven of 142 patients referred for the management of recurrent rectal cancer had unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis. Fifteen (55%) of these patients had distant metastatic disease. Twelve patients (45%) with hydronephrosis and local recurrent disease on evaluation were analyzed. Six of the 12 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy, with none found to have resectable disease. Their mean survival after diagnosis of recurrent disease was 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, the presence of hydronephrosis (unilateral or bilateral) in recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma portends a survival equivalent to the presence of distant metastasis. Therefore, we do not believe potential curative surgery has a role for patients with locally recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma in the presence of hydronephrosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Predictive factors and timing for liver recurrence after curative resection of gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Advanced and reliable diagnostic methods in order to identify the site of recurrence of gastric cancer in an early stage are needed. METHODS: One hundred twenty patients whose recurrence was confirmed after curative resection for gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Liver recurrence was evident in 41 patients. Advanced age, tumor invasion into subserosa, intestinal and mixed type of histology, Borrmann type 0 to 2, tumor diameter (<6.5 cm), and tumor marker (carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein) elevation were related to liver recurrence. By logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for liver recurrence included Borrmann's classification, histology, and tumor marker elevation. The median time from the primary operation to liver recurrence was shortest in the tumor marker elevation group when compared with other independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This information may help to design a better follow-up program and appropriate treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after curative resection of colorectal liver metastases.

We performed a prospective study of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases. We placed hepatic arterial infusion ports in 20 consecutive patients undergoing curative resection of colorectal liver metastases. The chemotherapy regimen was a weekly bolus of 5-fluorouracil (15 mg/kg) for 6 months. The median follow-up has been 33 months. Nine of the 18 evaluable patients (50%) have developed recurrent colorectal cancer. The liver was the only site of failure in 3 of 18 patients (17%), and extrahepatic recurrences occurred in 6 of 18 patients (33%). All patients without recurrence are alive. The median survival of the patients without recurrent disease is 39 months, compared with 27 months for those with recurrent metastatic disease (p < 0.01). In patients who received adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy compared with historical controls treated with surgery alone, we have observed a decreased incidence of recurrent disease after liver resection for metastases. We recommend that patients who undergo hepatic resection for colorectal metastases be considered for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy to decrease the likelihood of recurrence and to improve survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Management of Hirschsprung's disease: curative surgery before 3 months of age.

Curative surgery of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) was performed in 32 infants younger than 3 months of age from January 1, 1977, December 31, 1986. There were 24 males, seven of whom presented with total colonic aganglionosis. Preoperative relief of obstruction was carried out by only enemas in 25 patients (81%), with addition of total parenteral nutrition of 8 to 27 days in case of severe enterocolitis. Colostomy was never performed as a routine procedure. Preoperative morbidity occurred in three cases: one enterocolitis and two sigmoid performations that were successfully treated by colostomy. Weight at operation ranged from 3.3 to 6.0 kg (mean, 4.9 kg). Swenson's (25), Duhamel's (5), and Soave's procedures (2) were performed. There was no mortality. Follow-up varied from 2 to 10 years. Postoperative morbidity occurred in five patients (one anastomotic leak, two stenosis, one volvulus, and one recurrent enterocolitis). All other patients are considered as definitively cured. Comparison with data in the literature permits one to advocate primary corrective treatment of HD without decompression in infants less than 3 months of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Cost of patient follow-up after potentially curative lung cancer treatment.

The two objectives of this study were to determine the range of recommended follow-up strategies for patients with lung cancer treated with curative intent and to estimate the cost of such follow-up. Ten articles delineating eight specific follow-up strategies were identified from a Medline search of the literature for 1980 through 1995. An economic analysis was done of the costs associated with the identified strategies. Charge data obtained from the Part B Medicare Annual Data file and the Hospital Outpatient Bill file were used as a proxy for cost. Follow-up intensity varied widely across strategies for 5 years of posttreatment follow-up. Medicare-allowed charges for 5-year follow-up ranged from a low of $946 to a high of $5645. When Medicare-allowed charges were converted to a proxy for actual charges by a conversion ratio of 1.62, the range was $1533 to $9145, a fivefold difference in charges. There was no indication that more intensive, higher-cost strategies increased survival or quality of life. The published literature, including textbooks, holds few answers in this area.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Embryonal carcinoma with falsely positive elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein after curative therapy: a case report.

An elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein is an important serum and cell marker in nonseminomatous testicular cancer. While the sensitivity of an elevated alpha-fetoprotein is 20 to 70 per cent, depending upon clinical stage subgrouping, the specificity is 100 per cent, since no falsely positive elevation of alpha-fetoprotein has been reported. We report a case of persistent falsely positive elevation of alpha-fetoprotein after curative therapy of embryonal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Second primary epithelial malignancy of nasopharynx and nasal cavity after successful curative radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Patients with head and neck cancer are at high risk of developing additional second primary tumors in the aerodigestive tract as a result of the field cancerization phenomenon. In this context, the appearance of a new neoplasm often poses a problem in differential diagnosis between recurrence and new primary tumor. Twelve patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who received radiation therapy for the primary tumor and developed a second epithelial malignancy in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx during the follow-up period are presented in this report. The differentiation between the 2 entities based on the spatiotemporal relations, histological features, and the status of Epstein-Barr virus in tumor lesions are also presented. Our study showed that the epithelial malignancy after NPC having late-onset or prolonged interval (range, 5 to 18 years), different histological patterns (keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, or small cell carcinoma) distinct from the primary NPC (differentiated or undifferentiated nonkeratinizing carcinoma), and absence of Epstein-Barr virus, indicate a newly developed tumor rather than recurrent NPC. Our observations showed for the first time that second primary epithelial malignancy developed in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx years after curative therapy for NPC with a prevalence of 0.4% (12/2,794). Wild-type p53 protein was expressed more often in the original NPC (9 of 12) than in the second tumors (4 of 10), but the significance was not statistically significant (P = .2048). Genomic analysis for p53 mutation and in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus showed negative results, indicating that both important molecular events in NPC or head and neck cancer play a small role in this particular type of newly developed second malignant tumor. More studies are warranted for further clarification for the development of second epithelial malignancies in treated NPC patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Post-treatment surveillance of patients with lymphoma treated with curative intent.

Hodgkin's lymphoma and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are common, potentially curable cancers. Despite modern therapy, many patients will relapse. A number of relapsing patients may be cured with subsequent treatment, including high-dose chemotherapy. Risk of relapse after potentially curative therapy is greatest in the first 2 years, and post-treatment surveillance should be concentrated during this time. Most patients will present with symptoms or physical findings at relapse. Physicians and patients should be aware of common symptoms associated with relapse, and laboratory and radiological testing should be used to assess such concerns.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2003

Oligonucleotide microarray for prediction of early intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma has a poor prognosis because of the high intrahepatic recurrence rate. There are technological limitations to traditional methods such as TNM staging for accurate prediction of recurrence, suggesting that new techniques are needed. METHODS: We investigated mRNA expression profiles in tissue specimens from a training set, comprising 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays representing about 6000 genes. We used this training set in a supervised learning manner to construct a predictive system, consisting of 12 genes, with the Fisher linear classifier. We then compared the predictive performance of our system with that of a predictive system with a support vector machine (SVM-based system) on a blinded set of samples from 27 newly enrolled patients. FINDINGS: Early intrahepatic recurrence within 1 year after curative surgery occurred in 12 (36%) and eight (30%) patients in the training and blinded sets, respectively. Our system correctly predicted early intrahepatic recurrence or non-recurrence in 25 (93%) of 27 samples in the blinded set and had a positive predictive value of 88% and a negative predictive value of 95%. By contrast, the SVM-based system predicted early intrahepatic recurrence or non-recurrence correctly in only 16 (60%) individuals in the blinded set, and the result yielded a positive predictive value of only 38% and a negative predictive value of 79%. INTERPRETATION: Our system predicted early intrahepatic recurrence or non-recurrence for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma much more accurately than the SVM-based system, suggesting that our system could serve as a new method for characterising the metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗