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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Family planning: an evaluation of the program at a health center (1986-1990)].

OBJECTIVE: To gain dome idea of the characteristics of the population attended at a Family Planning Clinic (FPC) in a Health Centre, attempting to find the coverage and performance of the Clinic. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study, which analysed 403 cases between July 1986 and December 1990. SITE. Family Planning Clinic in the "Huerta de la Reina" Health Centre. PATIENTS AND OTHERS PARTICIPANTS: Women of child-bearing age who requested a consultation during the period of the study. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A uni/bivariate analysis of the studies was carried out. Coverage of 16.3% of the population of child-bearing age, with 69.5% of the women being under 29, was attained. The most frequent motive for a consultation was advice on methods of contraception. Oral contraception (65.0%) was the most common form prescribed. 27.1% of those attending consultation were referred to the second level. Attendance at periodic check-ups was very low.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Teratogenic hazards of oral contraceptives analyzed in a national malformation register.

During the period 1967-1976, prospectively collected data were available in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations on the contraceptive usage of 3,002 mothers of children with malformations detected at birth, as well as of time-matched and place-matched control mothers. The distributions of the various types of malformations were similar among contraceptive users (immediately prior to or during the pregnancy) and nonusers. The total incidences of various methods of contraception were also similar among mothers of malformed children and the control mothers. The risk ratio method for matched pairs allowed us to evaluate the strength of the observed negative correlation concerning oral contraceptives. Thus, we could exclude with 95% confidence any effect larger than 5% of oral contraceptives on the incidence of visible malformations.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1988

Spermicide use and pregnancy outcome.

The relation between periconceptional vaginal spermicide use and sex ratio at birth, birthweight, and the frequency of congenital anomalies was examined in a cohort of 2,712 New York City obstetric patients, 149 of whom (5.5 per cent) became pregnant while using spermicides or had used spermicides before and after conception. Periconceptional spermicide use was not associated with any important variation in the expected sex ratio at birth, nor with major or minor congenital anomalies. Exposure to spermicides in the periconceptional period, defined dichotomously as present or absent, was not associated with decreased birthweight in male or female infants. There was a slight decrease in birthweight among female infants with increasing duration of postconceptional spermicide use; an estimated 7.4 grams decrease with each day of use. The size of the effect and its selectivity by sex suggest a chance finding.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1986

Marked alterations in dose-dependent prednisolone kinetics in women taking oral contraceptives.

Six healthy women chronically (greater than 6 months) using oral contraceptives were age- and weight-matched with female controls. Each subject received prednisolone, 0.53 and 0.14 mg/kg iv. In the subjects taking oral contraceptives there were significant decreases in total clearance, unbound clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state for total drug, and significant increases in total and unbound prednisolone t1/2 and hydrocortisone concentrations compared with control subjects at both the high and low prednisolone doses. Both the oral contraceptive group and the control group had significantly higher total clearance, volume of distribution for total drug, and unbound fraction for the high dose compared with the low dose. Data suggest that chronic low-dose contraceptive steroid use results in a marked decrease in prednisolone clearance; however, dose-dependent changes in kinetics are still observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for condyloma acuminatum in women.

We interviewed 49 women who had a history of condyloma acuminatum and 196 age-matched controls. For women who had ever smoked, the risk of developing condyloma was 3.7 times that of women who had never smoked (95% confidence interval, 1.8-7.6). The relative risk associated with long-term use (five or more years) of oral contraceptives was 9.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-65.6). Condyloma acuminatum is caused by infection with human papilloma virus (HPV), usually types 6 or 11. Infection with HPV, most commonly of other types, is associated with an increased risk of cervical neoplasia. If smoking and oral contraceptives increase the risk of infection with these other types of HPV as they do with types 6 and 11, this factor could be the means by which smoking and long-term use of oral contraceptives increase the incidence of cervical neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Association of hormonal contraception and HIV-seroprevalence in Nairobi, Kenya.

Among women attending family planning clinics in Nairobi, Kenya, the HIV-seroprevalence rates for different contraceptive methods were: depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 431/3279 (13.1%), combination oral contraceptive pill 114/1073 (10.6%), and progesterone-only contraceptive pill (POCP) 45/741 (6.1%). After adjusting for age, marital status, and parity, women using the POCP had a lower HIV seroprevalence (adjusted odds ratio 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-0.7) than women using DMPA. This association was most pronounced among POCP users of lower parity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Accessibility of family planning services: impact of structural and organizational factors.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether selected structural and organizational characteristics of publicly available family planning facilities are associated with greater availability. METHODS: A survey was sent to 726 publicly available family planning facilities in four states. These included local health departments, federally qualified health centers (FQHC), Planned Parenthood sites, hospital outpatient departments, and freestanding women's health centers. Usable responses were obtained from 526 sites for a response rate of 72.5%. Availability variables included the provision of primary care services; the contraceptives offered; professional staffing; scheduling, waiting time, and transportation; and cultural congruence and competency. The structural and organizational variables were state, type of organization, and funding source. RESULTS: Some states were more likely to offer emergency contraception while others were more likely to have weekend hours. FQHCs were most likely to provide primary care and Planned Parenthood sites most likely to offer emergency contraception. Title X funding was associated with increased likelihood of providing emergency contraception and staffing by midlevel practitioners and registered nurses. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that availability varied by structural and organizational variables, many of which are determined by federal and state policies. Revising some of these policies might increase utilization of family planning facilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Prevalence and factors associated to migraine in adult population, Southern Brazil].

OBJECTIVE: Migraine is a disease of high prevalence with important impact on people's daily activities. The study aimed at assessing the distribution of migraine in adult population and some of its determinants. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with a multi-stage and probabilistic sampling. A total of 2,715 individuals aged 20 to 64 years old living in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, were interviewed. A questionnaire was applied according to the recommendations of the International Headache Society to define the main outcome. Crude and adjusted analysis were performed using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of headache and migraine was 71.3% (95% CI: 69.6-73.0) and 10.7% (95% CI: 9.4-12.1) respectively. Women showed a four-fold risk greater than men and white skin people showed 1.4 times greater risk than those non-white. Women taking oral contraceptives or shots against pregnancy showed a risk for migraine 1.3 times greater than those women not taking these medicines. Socioeconomic level and regular menstrual periods in the last three months were not found to be associated with migraine. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine is a disease that affects mainly women being associated to the white skin color and use of hormonal contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Oral contraceptive steroids impair the elimination of theophylline.

The influence of OCS and sex differences on the disposition of theophylline has been studied in 12 healthy young men (29 +/- 4 years old), 13 healthy young women (29 +/- 12), and 10 healthy young women (24 +/- 3) receiving OCS for a period greater than 6 months. The elimination t1/2 was longer in women taking oral contraceptives (523 +/- 110 min) than in women not on oral contraceptives (386 +/- 157). Weight-normalized plasma clearance of theophylline was less in women taking oral contraceptive steroids (0.70 +/- 0.15 ml X min-1 X kg-1) than in women not on oral contraceptive steroids (0.98 +/- 0.32). Plasma binding and volume of distribution were not different between the two groups of women. Weight-normalized clearance, weight-normalized volume of distribution, plasma t1/2, and plasma binding were not different between men and women not taking OCS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The long-term outcome following "special clearance" after vasectomy.

Between 1980 and 1985, 6067 out-patient vasectomies were performed under local anaesthesia at the Elliot Smith Clinic in Oxford. During this period 151 men (2.5%) were given a "special clearance". This sanctioned the discontinuation of other forms of contraception despite the persistence of scanty (less than 10,000/ml) sperm in 2 consecutively examined semen samples at least 7 months after vasectomy. These men have been reviewed and further specimens of semen requested after a minimum follow-up of 3 years (range 3-8); 50 patients supplied a specimen and all except 1 were azoospermic. No pregnancies attributable to failure of the vasectomy have been identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Weight gain in adolescent and young adult oral contraceptive users.

This study analyzed weight gain as a side effect of oral contraceptive use in teens and young adults. A retrospective chart review from 1978 to 1983 was conducted at two family planning clinics. Weight gain over 12 months was compared between females starting oral contraceptive pills and a control group using an IUD or a barrier method. One-hundred thirty-eight charts were included in the oral contraceptive group and 35 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the oral contraceptive group and control group in initial weight and weight after one year of use. Distribution of weight was also similar. There were no significant blood pressure changes. In the oral contraceptive group only five (3.7%) users listed weight gain as a side effect. The results suggest that for many young women who use oral contraceptive pills there is no greater risk of weight gain than for other sexually active young females.

Adolescent↗