Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Conservatism”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Expression of intermediate filament proteins in MDCK cells cultured in the three-dimensional gel in the presence of cytokine HGF/SF].

An immunomorphologic study was made of expression of intermediate filament proteins--keratin and vimentin--in the structures formed in branching tubulogenesis of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney epithelial cells (MDCK, clone 20), cultured in three-dimensional collagen gel in the presence of the "scatter factor" (HGF/SF). An improved method of parallel immunostaining of the whole branching structures and of their cryostat cross-sections was used. It was shown that both the discoid epithelial cells, forming walls of tubules with inner clear spaces, and the fibroblast-like cells invading the collagenic gel coexpressed keratin and vimentin. Thus, in the studied system of simplified morphogenesis in vitro, some conservatism of intermediate filament protein expression was revealed which does not respond to changes in cell shape or cell localization.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Incisal edge reattachment: literature review and treatment perspectives.

Anterior crown fractures in children and adolescents are a common form of injury, affecting approximately 25% of that population. Common restorative treatments such as composite bonding, laminate veneers, or full-coverage restorations tend to sacrifice healthy tooth structure and challenge dentists to match the adjacent unrestored dentition. Incisal edge fragment reattachment, including the use of current bonding techniques, is a restorative treatment option that offers the advantages of simplicity, immediate esthetics, and conservatism in cases of dental trauma. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on this restorative technique. It also provides diagnostic and treatment algorithms to simplify and clarify the recommended diagnostic and clinical regimens.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Hydatid disease at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 1964 to 1974.

A survey of hydatid disease has been carried out at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital over a ten-year period from 1964 to 1974. It would appear that there has been no change in incidence in hydatid disease in the last 25 years. Fifty per cent of the hydatid cysts dealt with in this series occurred in the liver, and 30% were in the lung. Forty per cent of patients with lung hydatid disease were found to harbour hydatid cysts in the liver as well, while 24% of those with hydatid disease in the liver were found to have co-existent lung cysts. Twenty per cent of patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts presented with urgent complications, while only 7% of those with liver hydatid cysts presented in this way. Twenty-four per cent of the patients in this series were born outside Australia, most of the rest having been born and having lived in New South Wales. In this State, the distribution of hydatid disease remains the same as it was in 1925. Of the serological tests, the Casoni intradermal reaction was positive in 67% of cases, while the complement-fixation reaction was positive in only 52%. Seventy-eight per cent of these patients came to operation; 50% were found to have viable cysts at operation. Morbidity was high from chest infection, prolonged drainage from the site of the cyst and subphrenic abscess. Since few viable cysts were found in patients over the age of 60 years, there is a strong case for conservatism in the treatment of elderly patient with an asymptomatic calcified hydatid cyst. The hydatid-dependent mortality rate in this series was 1-8%. Over a mean follow-up period of five years, in 5% of these patients, there was a proven recurrence of hydatid disease requiring further operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Indications for combination of irradiation and surgery.

1) The concept "either irradiation or surgery" for all clinical situations should be eliminated. In many clinical situations, one must think of the combined treatment both for the primary lesion and the regional metastases. Conservatism in both disciplines is to be preferred. 2) If irradiation has no place as the sole treatment for a disease, for example soft tissue sarcomas or parotid tumors, it does not mean that it has no place in the management of the disease. 3) The sequence of the modalities of treatment depends upon the structures involved and the extent of the surgical procedure. If one has to choose between a relatively low dose preoperative irradiation, like 3,000 to 4,000 rads or 5,000 to 6,000 rads postoperatively, the theoretical advantages of preoperative irradiation are outweighed by the proven effectiveness of postoperative irradiation in controlling the locoregional disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2026

Phylogenetic Constraints and Environmental Filtering Jointly Drive Adaptive Evolution in Phragmites australis: From Genetic Structure to Trait Decoupling on the Mongolian Plateau.

The Mongolian Plateau, a typical arid and semi-arid zone in Eurasia, is characterized by highly heterogeneous and fragmented wetland habitats. Phragmites australis, a common wetland species in this region, exhibits remarkable adaptability. Unraveling the coordination between phylogenetic history and local environmental filtering is crucial for elucidating its adaptive mechanisms. Integrating landscape genomics and trait-based phylogenetic analyses, we analyzed transcriptome-wide SNPs, multidimensional functional traits, and environmental variables across 90 individuals from 30 natural P. australis populations. This study aims to reveal the genetic and phenotypic variation patterns underlying population genetic structure and trait variation, specifically distinguishing the roles of geographic isolation, environmental filtering, and phylogenetic history. Results reveal a significant drainage-dependent pattern in genetic structure. Populations in hydrologically connected basins show extensive admixture, whereas those in isolated endorheic basins form distinct lineages. While geographic isolation underpins genetic differentiation, environmental filtering independently explains ~33.84% of the genetic variation, driven primarily by moisture heterogeneity (precipitation seasonality and soil moisture). Crucially, we observed differentiated evolutionary trajectories across functional traits. Structural traits (e.g., plant height, leaf thickness) are phylogenetically conserved; in contrast, physiological traits (e.g., water use efficiency) are decoupled from phylogeny, showing patterns consistent with high plasticity regulated by local environments. This evolutionary decoupling strategy enables P. australis to flexibly adapt to heterogeneous habitats while maintaining structural stability. This study uncovers the synergistic mechanisms by which geographic isolation and environmental filtering jointly shape the genetic patterns of this cosmopolitan species at a regional scale, clarifies that its evolutionary responses may depend heavily on the differentiated plasticity of trait types, and provides valuable regional insights into how widespread wetland species adapt to heterogeneous environments under global change.

Mongolia Plateau↗
PubMed1983

Ideology and opposition to abortion: trends in public opinion, 1972-1980.

Data from the National Opinion Research Center General Social Survey 1972-1980 are examined to determine the extent to which the conflict over legal abortion has come to be associated, in the structure of public opinion, with broader ideological differences concerning sexuality, feminism, and political liberalissm. Specifically, attitudes toward premarital sex, homosexuality, women's roles, liberal versus conservative political self-identification, and views on government spending policies are examined as possible ideological correlates of position on abortion. Log-linear analysis demonstrates that a clear, significant, and persistent association exists between abortion attitude and each of the other 5 issues, independent of religion, education, or sex of the respondent. Furthermore, there is no evidence of any change from 1972 to 1980 in the strength of the association of abortion attitude with any of the other questions considered, despite the increased polarization and politicization of the abortion issue over the time period studied.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Sexual behavior and attitudes of university students in Northern Ireland.

Two surveys of a Northern Ireland student sample were conducted in 1987 and 1988. A total of 419 female and 201 male subjects completed self-administered anonymous questionnaires concerning their behavior, knowledge, and attitudes towards sex, AIDS, homosexuality, contraception, and relationships. Results indicated a relatively low level of sexual experience, and for those with experience, relatively few partners. The possible influences of gender and religiosity on sexual behavior and attitudes, in the context of Northern Ireland, are discussed. Subjects reported considerable variation in the amount of sex education, but the majority received little or none. This student sample held relatively conservative attitudes towards love, sex, and marriage and this was particularly true for females and for regular churchgoers. In addition, attitudes towards homosexuality were negative (particularly among regular churchgoers). Attitudes towards contraception were more positive than expected among Catholic subjects, and few indicated that they would refuse to use contraceptives on principle. Responses to items about AIDS were highly uniform, suggesting that much of the information made available to the public has been absorbed. However, the lack of uniformity of response to more general items about sex, relationships, and contraception may indicate that fundamental changes in sexual behavior are unlikely to be brought about by influencing a rather narrowly defined set of attitudes about AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Pregnancy in adolescents.

The United States must improve its efforts to reduce teen pregnancy. We occupy an alarming position in the developed world from the standpoint of the magnitude of the pregnancy issue. While our society promotes sexuality to sell all sorts of consumer goods, it still refuses for the most part to make contraceptives familiar and available to sexually active teens. The youngest adolescents, 10 to 14 years, are having sex and babies at an increasing rate. Their children will have limited futures. Only by stepping up our efforts to prevent early pregnancy will we make possible a life of opportunity and choice for the young people of our country. Consequences will be costly and tragic if we do not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sexual behavior patterns of gay university men: implications for preventing HIV infection.

Gay male university students less than 25 years old were studied to determine whether they had changed their sexual activity patterns to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Most had not established sexual behavior patterns typical of the older gay men who had been studied in earlier research. Although most of the participants surveyed were concerned about HIV infection, some did engage in risky sexual behavior. The risk-reduction strategies most often used were having fewer sexual partners and being more selective in choosing partners. Future HIV-prevention interventions must be designed to address the needs of this generation of gay men.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Exploring the Phylogenetic Structure of Ecological Communities: An Example for Rain Forest Trees.

Because of the correlation expected between the phylogenetic relatedness of two taxa and their net ecological similarity, a measure of the overall phylogenetic relatedness of a community of interacting organisms can be used to investigate the contemporary ecological processes that structure community composition. I describe two indices that use the number of nodes that separate taxa on a phylogeny as a measure of their phylogenetic relatedness. As an example of the use of these indices in community analysis, I compared the mean observed net relatedness of trees (≥10 cm diameter at breast height) in each of 28 plots (each 0.16 ha) in a Bornean rain forest with the net relatedness expected if species were drawn randomly from the species pool (of the 324 species in the 28 plots), using a supertree that I assembled from published sources. I found that the species in plots were more phylogenetically related than expected by chance, a result that was insensitive to various modifications to the basic methodology. I tentatively infer that variation in habitat among plots causes ecologically more similar species to co-occur within plots. Finally, I suggest a range of applications for phylogenetic relatedness measures in community analysis.

net ecological similarity↗
PubMed1992

Abortion among adolescents: research findings and the current debate.

Utilizing research that focuses on adolescents as well as findings in samples which might have special relevance to young, unmarried women, this report summarizes research on the consequences of abortion among adolescents. It discusses prior literature in the area of parental notification and parental consent, subjects on which public opinion is not divided along familiar pro-choice/anti-choice lines. Following a discussion of methodological problems identified in prior research, it reports on a study designed to address these problems in an adolescent population; it discusses implications for the current debate of this and other studies' findings that there are no identifiable adverse sequelae of the abortion process.

Abortion, Induced↗