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PubMed1977

Comprehensive community mental health center- business community relationship: a reexamination.

In this paper the belief that nonprofit service organizations and profit-motivated organizations should function separately from each other is questioned. Several of the advantages inherent from a cooperative relationship between comprehensive community mental health centers and the business community for the worker, mental health professional, comprehensive community mental health center, and business are discussed. Possible negative emotional responses against this new alliance are presented and dispelled. A joint effort between comprehensive community mental health centers and the business community is anticipated to develop with the common goal being the promotion of mental health.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deaf community analysis for health education priorities.

Deaf persons' access to health-related information is limited by barriers to spoken or written language: they cannot overhear information; they have limited access to television, radio, and other channels for public information; and the average reading level of Deaf adults is at a 3rd to 4th grade level. However, literature searches revealed no published reports of community analysis focusing specifically on health education priorities for Deaf communities. A seven-step community analysis was conducted to learn the health education priorities in Arizona Deaf communities and to inform development of culturally relevant health education interventions in Deaf communities. The word "Deaf" is capitalized to reflect the cultural perspective of the Deaf community. A 14-member Deaf Health Committee collected data using multimethods that included review of state census data, review of national health priorities, key informant interviews, discussions with key community groups, a mail survey (n = 20), and semistructured interviews conducted in sign language with 111 Deaf adults. The community diagnosis with highest priority for health education was vulnerability to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Following completion of the community analysis, a heart-health education intervention (The Deaf Heart Health Intervention) was developed using a train-the-trainer, community health worker model. If this model proves to be effective in addressing vulnerability to CVD, then a similar protocol could be employed to address other health concerns identified in the Deaf community analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An Auckland regional audit of the nurse-led rheumatic fever secondary prophylaxis programme.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatic fever with ensuing rheumatic heart disease is considered to be a preventable chronic disease. AIM: To assess the compliance rates with the rheumatic fever secondary prophylaxis programme established through the Auckland Rheumatic Fever Register and managed by community nursing services in Auckland, New Zealand. METHODS: An audit of the 1998 and 2000 Auckland Rheumatic Fever Register data was undertaken to establish the compliance rates of patients with the rheumatic fever secondary prophylaxis programme. The sample included all patients on the Auckland Rheumatic Fever Register during this time. RESULTS: Results showed compliance rates across the three Auckland DHBs ranging from 79.9% to 100% for individual community nursing offices. CONCLUSION: A community-based nurse-led secondary prophylaxis programme for Rheumatic Fever heart disease is able to deliver excellent patient compliance levels. Secondary prophylaxis is the WHO-recommended cost effective first step to Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease control. Community health workers have a key role to play in facilitating this compliance.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Atherosclerosis risk factors: variation in healthy hospital workers and members of local communities asymptomatic for vascular disease. Implications for normal controls.

The major risk factors for atherosclerosis were measured in 100 middle-aged members of the local community aged between 40 and 66 attending hospital for minor operations, hernia repair, varicose veins or endoscopy, and their healthy accompanying spouses. Levels in this group were compared with those measured in 75 age- and sex-matched hospital workers. Ten of the 12 risk factors measured were more unfavourable in the local population (P = 0.039). Levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.0013), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 0.0002) and body mass index (P = 0.0074) were higher in members of the local community. There was no difference in levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of damage to the endothelial cell), fibrinogen, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio or the proportion of smokers. We also found systolic blood pressure (P = 0.014) and vWf (P = 0.021) to be higher, while high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.022) was lower in the 35 smokers, but we could not identify any factor that correlated with age. However, systolic (P = 0.028) and diastolic (P = 0.0072) blood pressures, triglycerides (P = 0.029) and waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.0001) were all lower, while high-density lipoprotein was higher (P < 0.0001) in the 80 women compared to the men. We conclude that precise definition of the identity of the control group is necessary in studies of risk factors for atherosclerosis, or in frank disease, if mis-interpretation is to be avoided.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The influence of organizational and personal characteristics on community planning activity.

The authors identify the influence of organizational and personal characteristics on the tendencies of community organizational workers in Israel to implement planning activities. The research examines these factors in relation to two planning styles, rational and organizational-political, and also distinguishes among factors influencing the tendency for implementation of each style. The principal findings indicate that the tendency of workers to implement rational activities is influenced by mechanical characteristics of the organization. On the other hand, the tendency of the workers to implement organizational-political activities is influenced significantly by organic characteristics--variety and conflict--with the organization. The frequency of use of both styles is influenced by professional education in community organization.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2003

Primary care. Home truths.

Charging social services for delays in patients being discharged from hospital is unlikely to result in improved care for older people. A new kind of community support worker dedicated to care of the elderly is needed. These workers could provide sustained support and prevent avoidable admissions to residential care. Care packages should take more account of what service users want. Government focus needs to shift from the management of beds to community resources.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Psychosocial effects of the 2001 UK foot and mouth disease epidemic in a rural population: qualitative diary based study.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the health and social consequences of the 2001 foot and mouth disease epidemic for a rural population. DESIGN: Longitudinal qualitative analysis. SETTING: North Cumbria, the worst affected area in Britain. SAMPLE: Purposive sample of 54 respondents divided in six demographically balanced rural occupational and population groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 3071 weekly diaries contributed over 18 months; 72 semistructured interviews (with the 54 diarists and 18 others); 12 group discussions with diarists RESULTS: The disease epidemic was a human tragedy, not just an animal one. Respondents' reports showed that life after the foot and mouth disease epidemic was accompanied by distress, feelings of bereavement, fear of a new disaster, loss of trust in authority and systems of control, and the undermining of the value of local knowledge. Distress was experienced across diverse groups well beyond the farming community. Many of these effects continued to feature in the diaries throughout the 18 month period. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a rural citizens' panel allowed data capture from a wide spectrum of the rural population and showed that a greater number of workers and residents had traumatic experiences than has previously been reported. Recommendations for future disaster management include joint service reviews of what counts as a disaster, regular NHS and voluntary sector sharing of intelligence, debriefing and peer support for front line workers, increased community involvement in disposal site or disaster management, and wider, more flexible access to regeneration funding and rural health outreach work.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2003

A study of HIV/STD infections amongst commercial sex workers in Kolkata (India). Part-I: some socio-demographic features of commercial sex workers.

A community-based survey of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) was carried out among commercial sex worker's (CSW) in different red light areas of Kolkata. By multistage random sampling technique 867 female sex workers (FSW) studied who were belonging to Sonagachi 77.28%, Metiabruz 14.07%, Rampurgali and Khidderpore 8.65% red light areas. Among sex workers surveyed 58.94% were Hindu and 33.33% Muslims. There were 22.07% CSW of foreign origin, out of which 17.99% from Bangladesh and 4.04% from Nepal. Majority of CSW 74.28% were under thirty years of age. The lowest age was 13 years and mean age was 26.55 years. There were 22.26% sex workers under twenty years and 6.92% above forty years of age. About 79.0% of sex workers were illiterate. The average number of clients visiting each sex workers was 2.67, with a range between 1 to 8 clients per day. The average duration for which sex workers remain in the trade was 6 to 7 years. Around 60.09% sex workers were in the trade for five years, while 2.64% were for more than twenty years. Average monthly income of sex workers was around Rs. 500-1000. History of pregnancy was present in 84.66% with one child in 24.91 % to maximum eight in 0.23% sex workers. The mean number of pregnancies was 1.9 per female sex workers. About 36.2% had history of abortion and 65.51 % had living children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Guidelines for ethical practice in community organization.

Community organizers often encounter ethical dilemmas in practice. Most organizers engage on a regular basis with community residents, constituency groups, local institutions, and government decision makers. Consequently, most practice activities occur outside traditional agency settings and are not directly addressed in the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Although community practice principles such as self-determination, informed consent, and protection of confidentiality are identified in the Code, situational factors make their application different than in direct practice. This article identifies the values inherent in community practice, describes ethical issues encountered by organizers, and examines tools available to organizers for resolving common ethical dilemmas.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Second thoughts about silicosis.

The decisions that a society makes can lead to workplace and environmental illness and injury. After some years working on the hazards related to exposures to silica and studying interventions to prevent them, the author assesses the results of her efforts. She succeeded in getting silica added to the list of substances regulated under the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act, though not easily. And she found some of the obstacles to doing so nonsensical or stubbornly resistant. The next step, she foresees, is leveraging that outcome to ban or limit the use of sand in blasting operations. But in the course of her work, she also has seen that interest in mitigating the dangers of silica, which is strong among medical and public health professionals who rightfully argue that nobody should be made ill today by this completely preventable problem, is tepid among the workers most affected by it. Although they understand the dangers of silica, it is not their main concern, and she understands why. In future work, she concludes, it may be more worthwhile to allow the community of workers to set the agenda and to help them achieve their goals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

The implications of work organization for occupational health policy: the case of Canada.

This article examines occupational health and safety developments in Canada during the decade of the 1970s when most government jurisdictions replaced former factory Acts with new health and safety legislation recognizing the right of workers to be involved in work environment matters. During the latter part of the 1970s, health and safety "activists" and trade unionists began to perceive the need for a wider conception of occupational health and safety. Canadian reformers were influenced by Scandinavian developments, especially the research of Dr. Bertil Gardell and his associates. Unfortunately, during the late 1970s Canada experienced a recession and a political shift to conservatism. Consequently, during the 1980s there have been no meaningful workplace health and safety reforms. Further, the article suggests that there is strong resistance by management and government to extension of worker rights in occupational health and safety. All major political parties ground their work environment policies in utilitarian concepts that trade worker health and safety for economic considerations. The author, therefore, argues for the development of an "ethics of the work environment" based upon egalitarian principles, and the transformation of the primary work group into a community of workers who can shape the character of their work environment. Ideally, the relationship between the major "actors" in our industrial relations system ought to be based on obligation instead of the present language of worker protest based on rights. Nonetheless, there is a need to extend and deepen worker rights in the workplace. Finally, the author argues that the appropriate relationship in industry to reflect a democratic work environment is "partnership"--the coming together of the primary work groups as equals.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1990

[Curriculum development in speech-language therapy and audiology: basis and principles].

The aim of this article is to discuss some of the important issues that form the basis of curriculum development for education in speech-language therapy and audiology. The demands of the profession are such that a horizontal occupational structure is no longer adequate in the multicultural, multilingual RSA context. It is therefore necessary to investigate alternative educational options to accommodate current needs. These may include diploma training for technicians, certificate programmes for community rehabilitation workers and professionally directed masters courses. It is also apparent that the professional functions of the speech-language therapist and audiologist have extended to the point where aspects such as computer literacy, management functions, community work and consultation should play a greater role in the curriculum than is the case at present.

Audiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The public health nursing role in rural Japan.

The objective of this study was to describe the activities of the public health nurses in the local community. The setting was a small rural town in central Japan. The design was a descriptive study based on informant interviews supplemented by participant observation. The sample consisted of five public health nurses, four health care workers in other fields, and seven clients, all living in the same town. Each participant was interviewed individually. Interviews focused on the participants' understanding of what public health nurses actually do. Semistructured interview guides for each group of participants served as a framework to elicit participants' views on the activities of the public health nurses. Analysis of interview transcripts indicated that commitment was a core concept in the role of the public health nurses. Linked to this central theme were three constructs describing their work: identifying the real needs of clients, responding appropriately and promptly, and establishing trust relationships. The interviews indicated considerable public support for collaborative activities involving public health nurses, other health care workers, and community members. Implications for public health nurses' expanded role in Japan in relation to other health care professionals are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effective responses to sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment is a frequent problem for visiting nurses and other community health workers. The Sexual Harassment Intervention Model is offered as a preliminary method for organizing data for assessment and designing intervention strategies.

Community Health Nursing↗