Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Capsule Endoscopy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: spectrum of abnormalities demonstrated with CT.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive procedure that is performed to diagnose and treat pancreatic and biliary disease. In approximately 5%-10% of cases, the procedure itself causes adverse events. Diagnosis and management of ERCP-induced complications are performed with clinical, laboratory, and radiologic procedures. Evaluation of the type and severity of the complication is necessary and is successfully performed with computed tomography (CT). The most common causes of post-ERCP pain are acute pancreatitis and duodenal perforation. In severe pancreatitis, the pancreas is enlarged and enhances heterogeneously at CT. Pancreatic enhancement is diminished in areas of glandular necrosis. In duodenal perforation, CT may reveal extraluminal air or fluid. CT findings of acute duodenal hemorrhage are duodenal wall thickening and a high-attenuation mass in the duodenal wall. In infection, the bile ducts can be dilated and the attenuation of the bile can be increased at CT. Abscesses appear as hypoattenuating masses with enhancing capsules. CT findings of stent migration are an atypical location of the stent and bowel impaction. Other complications of ERCP are those related to endoscopy and include esophageal, liver, and splenic injury.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of duodenal ulcer with antacid and sulpiride. A double-blind controlled study.

The effect of aluminum-magnesium hydroxide tablets (800 mg seven times per day) and that of sulpiride, a hypothalamic neurolaptic, were studied in 101 patients with duodenal ulcer in a double-blind controlled 4-wk trial. Significantly more of the patients treated with antacid, sulpiride, or antacid-sulpiride combination showed a greater than 50% reduction in ulcer size than did the patients treated with placebo. However, only in the antacid- and antacid-sulpiride-treated groups did the ulcer, with and without residual inflammation, disappear statistically more often than in the placebo-treated group. Furthermore, only in the antacid-sulpiride-treated group did complete healing, with no trace of inflammation, occur statistically more often than in the placebo-treated group. Disappearance of ulcer pain was likewise statistically more frequent in the antacid-sulpiride group than in the placebo-treated group. Antacid therapy with aluminum-magnesium hydroxide tablets appears to accelerate the rate of ulcer healing. Sulpiride appears to have a minor but definite synergism with antacids. Cigarette smoking affected ulcer healing adversely; on the other hand, factors favorable to healing were the early onset age of ulcer symptoms and acid hypersecretion. Male patients also healed more favorably than females.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

New noninvasive tests for Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Comparison with tissue-based gold standard.

The current gold standard for diagnosing H. pylori gastritis requires antral biopsy for urease test (eg, CLOtest) and/or history. We compared this gold standard to a new low-dose capsule-based 1 microCi [4C]urea breath test (UBT) and a rapid serum test for anti-H. pylori antibodies (FlexSure HP) in 50 consecutive patients undergoing upper endoscopy. Antral biopsies within 3 cm of the pylorus were used for CLOtest and were stained with H&E and thiazine. Slides were reviewed by a single, blinded pathologist (Review) and compared to the pathology department report (Report). A true positive was defined as a positive CLOtest or Review. The prevalence of H. pylori infection by each test was: CLOtest 32%, Review 36%, gold standard 42%, UBT 38%, FlexSure HP 44%, Report 44%. UBT had sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 96%, positive predictive value = 95%, and negative predictive value = 93% and accurately determined H. pylori status in a subgroup of 10 patients who had completed treatment. The one false positive breath test occurred in a patient with 2+ chronic inflammation on biopsy and a positive antibody test. There were two false negative breath tests. Each had both negative CLOtests and negative antibody tests. FlexSure HP had sensitivity = 74%, specificity = 89%, positive predictive value = 88%, and negative predictive value = 77% in patients not previously treated, but had a high false-positive rate in the 10 patients after treatment. Pathology department Report and blinded pathologist Review had only 84% agreement, kappa = 0.67. Both CLOtest and UBT agreed better with Review (86%, 87%, kappa = 0.68, 0.73, respectively) than Report (78%, 77%, kappa = 0.53, 0.53, respectively) suggesting that Review is more accurate than Report. When biopsy is done, we recommend that a CLOtest be performed followed by histological examination if the CLOtest is negative to ensure adequate sensitivity. However, interpretation of histological slides has significant interobserver variability even in experienced hands and may be inaccurate at times. FlexSure HP has good PPV but inadequate sensitivity to rule out active infection and is not useful in patients after treatment. UBT is an excellent noninvasive test that should be considered in cases where EGD is otherwise not indicated.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

[New concept on the T.U.R. prostate syndrome (author's transl)].

The T.U.R.P. syndrome is always secondary either to the perforation of the prostatic capsula or to the opening of a veinous sinus. If the T.U.R.P. syndrome occurs, it can be or early, or late. Generally attributed to hemolysis with hemoglobinemia, we denie it. In fact the T.U.R.P. syndrome is to be attributed to hypervolemia and hyponatremia. The proper treatment requires the use of hypertonic sodium solution. The use of sterile water as irrigant for the T.U.R. is absoluetly convenient and not dangerous, unless one perforates the capsule or open a veinous sinus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Drug-induced oesophageal disorders: pathogenesis, incidence, prevention and management.

Drug-induced injury of the oesophagus is a common cause of oesophageal complaints. 'Pill-induced' oesophagitis is associated with the ingestion of certain drugs and accounts for many cases of erosive oesophagitis. To date, more than 70 drugs have been reported to induce oesophageal disorders. Antibacterials such as doxycycline, tetracycline and clindamycin are the offending agents in more than 50% of cases. Other commonly prescribed drugs that cause oesophageal injury include aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), potassium chloride, ferrous sulfate, quinidine, alprenolol and various steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. However, many physicians and even more patients are not aware of this problem. Capsules or tablets are commonly delayed in their passage through the oesophagus. Highly caustic coatings, direct medication injury and poor oesophageal clearance of pills can lead to acute inflammation. Oesophageal damage occurs when the caustic contents of a drug remain in the oesophagus long enough to produce mucosal lesions. Taking medications at bedtime or without fluids is a common cause of oesophagitis. The possibility of drug-related damage should be suspected in all cases of oesophagitis, chest pain and dysphagia. History and gastrointestinal endoscopy will confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is supportive, although acid reduction is used frequently as an adjunct. This review reflects the current state of knowledge in this field.

Capsules↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the ulcerogenic effect of potassium chloride by endoscopy and fecal blood loss.

In a blinded-observer crossover study, 16 volunteers ingested equimolar doses of three different potassium chloride preparations and placebo for nine days in a random order. The irritating effect on the mucosa was evaluated by means of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and fecal blood loss, measured by reference to the amount of radioactivity in three 24-hour samples after previous injection of 51Cr-tagged autologous red cells. The microencapsulated KCl capsule preparation induced three ulcers, but the total endoscopic group score was not significantly higher than the score with placebo. The total endoscopic group score for the wax-matrix formulation was significantly higher than the score for placebo (P less than .05) and for a new microencapsulated KCl tablet preparation containing a potent disintegrant (P less than .10). We did not find any significant differences in mean fecal blood loss during the four different treatments. A correlation between endoscopic score and fecal blood loss was found in the placebo group (r = .54) and the microencapsulated KCl capsule preparation (r = .56) group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) on the healing of duodenal ulcer: a double-blind multicenter study.

A multicenter study was conducted on 173 patients with active, endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers (158 men, 15 women). They were randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner, to two groups: those receiving placebo capsules (91 patients) and those receiving capsules containing 100 microgram of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) (82 patients). Each drug was ingested four times a day (1 h before meals and at bedtime) for 28 days. Endoscopy was performed on days 0, 14, and 28 after the trial began. At each examination, the ulcer size was measured and whether the ulcer had healed was recorded. Arbaprostil increased the incidence of ulcer healing to approximately the same degree as reported in most extensive studies with cimetidine. At 14 days, three times as many patients were totally healed in the arbaprostil-treated as in the placebo-treated group (37% vs. 12%, p less than 0.001). At 28 days, 67% of patients receiving arbaprostil were healed compared with 39% in the group receiving placebo (p less than 0.001). Similarly, the ulcer size, measured endoscopically, was much smaller after arbaprostil administration than in the group receiving placebo after both 14 and 28 days (p less than 0.001). Side effects attributable to treatment consisted primarily of loose stools and diarrhea (34%). Smoking retarded healing in the placebo-treated group (p less than 0.05), but did not significantly retard healing in patients treated with arbaprostil. We conclude that arbaprostil markedly accelerates the healing rate of active duodenal ulcers. This effect may be due to inhibition of acid secretion as well as gastric cytoprotection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A new, practical, low-dose 14C-urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: clinical validation and comparison with the standard method.

The carbon-14 urea breath test (UBT) is a reliable and non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. In this study we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a new, practical and low-dose (14)C-UBT system for the diagnosis of HP and compared the results with those obtained using the standard method. Seventy-five patients (56 female, 19 male) with dyspepsia underwent (14)C-UBT and endoscopy with antral biopsies for histological analysis. The rapid urease test (CLO test) was applied to 50 of these patients. After a 6-h fasting period, a 37-kBq (14)C-urea capsule was swallowed for UBT. Breath samples were collected and counted using two different methods, the Heliprobe method and the standard method. In the Heliprobe method, patients exhaled into a special dry cartridge system (Heliprobe BreathCard) at 10 min. The activities of the cartridges were counted using a designated small GM counter system (Heliprobe analyser). Results were expressed both as counts per minute (HCPM) and as grade (0, not infected; 1, equivocal; 2, infected) according to the counts. In the standard method, breath samples were collected by trapping in a liquid CO(2) absorber. Radioactivity was counted as disintegrations per minute (SDPM) using a liquid scintillation counter after addition of a liquid scintillation cocktail. Histological examination was used as a gold standard. Two patients were excluded from the study because of inadequate biopsy sampling. Forty-eight patients (65%) were found to be HP positive on histology. The Heliprobe method correctly classified 48 of 48 HP-positive patients and 19 of 25 HP-negative patients (sensitivity 100%, specificity 76%, PPV 88%, NPV 100%, accuracy 91%). The standard method correctly classified 48 of 48 HP-positive patients and 20 of 25 HP-negative patients (sensitivity 100%, specificity 80%, PPV 90%, NPV 100%, accuracy 93%). On the other hand, the CLO test identified 26 of 32 HP-positive and 12 of 16 HP-negative patients (sensitivity 81%, specificity 75%, PPV 86%, NPV 66%, accuracy 79%). With the Heliprobe method, all of the positive results were grade 2, and all of the negative results were grade 0. No patients were defined as having grade 1 results. Counts allowed clear discrimination of HP-positive and -negative patients with both methods, the difference being statistically significant in each case ( P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between HCPM and SDPM ( r 0.863, P<0.001). According to the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was nearly the same with HCPM (AUC, 0.888; 95% CI, 0.785-0.992) and SDPM (AUC, 0.898; 95% CI, 0.802-0.994). In conclusion, the new (14)C-UBT system is a highly accurate method for the diagnosis of HP infection. It is rapid and practical, and therefore suitable for clinical and office practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Arthroscopic resection of the radial head.

The authors describe arthroscopic radial head resection in patients with post-traumatic arthritis after fractures of the radial head or in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow joint, as an expanded indication for elbow arthroscopy. Arthroscopic radial head resection allows the surgeon to deal with the intrinsic joint pathology, as well as with accompanying symptoms such as synovitis, capsular contracture, or loose bodies. The portals used are the proximal medial, anterolateral, and the midlateral portal. The anterior three quarters of the radial head and 2 to 3 mm of the radial neck are resected with the stone-cutting abrader in the anterolateral portal and the arthroscope in the proximal medial portal. For resection of the posterior portion of the radial head, the abrader may be transferred to the midlateral portal. This permits resection of the remnants of the radial head posteriorly and also at the proximal radioulnar joint. Arthroscopic treatment allows the patient to begin and maintain an aggressive postoperative physical therapy program immediately after surgery, thus decreasing the risk of anterior scarring and reoccurring contracture of the capsule of the elbow joint.

Arthritis↗
PubMed2006

Is non-steroidal anti-inflammaory drug (NSAID) enteropathy clinically more important than NSAID gastropathy?

The side effects of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the stomach is undoubtedly a serious public health problem contributing significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients receiving these drugs. However, the damage of NSAIDs is not confined to the stomach. Indeed the short term and long term damage of NSAIDs on the small bowel (NSAID enteropathy) is more frequent than NSAID gastropathy. Furthermore, NSAID enteropathy is associated with complications (bleeding and protein loss). While many of these are mild, the serious events (significant bleeding, perforation, obstruction, and sudden death) are frequent as that reported for NSAID gastropathy. The diagnosis of NSAID enteropathy has been greatly aided by the introduction of wireless capsule enteroscopy.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗