Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Base editing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A comparison of MicroCog and the Wechsler Memory Scale (3rd ed.) in older adults.

In recent years, computerized assessment of cognitive functions such as memory has increased in popularity. Here we contrast the performance of 33 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 71.2 years, SD = 7.62) on the computer-based MicroCog with the conventional Wechsler Memory Scale-3rd Edition (WMS-III). Participants were screened for possible depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale and completed both memory tests in counterbalanced order. WMS-III General Memory correlated moderately with both the MicroCog Memory index and the General Cognitive Functioning index. Correlations between the visual memory measures of the 2 tests were not statistically significant. Agreement between the tests on the classification of participants as lying within the average, below average, or above average ranges was fair at best. We conclude that the correspondence between the 2 measures is not sufficient to substitute 1 for the other for clinical decision making as to the memory functioning of older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The reliability and validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a German general practice population sample.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to analyze the retest reliability and validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a primary-care setting and recommend a cut-off value for the different alcohol-related diagnoses. METHOD: Participants recruited from general practices (GPs) in two northern German cities received the AUDIT, which was embedded in a health-risk questionnaire. In total, 10,803 screenings were conducted. The retest reliability was tested on a subsample of 99 patients, with an intertest interval of 30 days. Sensitivity and specificity at a number of different cut-off values were estimated for the sample of alcohol consumers (n=8237). For this study, 1109 screen-positive patients received a diagnostic interview. Individuals who scored less than five points in the AUDIT and also tested negative in a second alcohol-related screen were defined as "negative" (n=6003). This definition was supported by diagnostic interviews of 99 screen-negative patients from which no false negatives could be detected. As the gold standard for detection of an alcohol-use disorder (AUD), we used the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (MCIDI), which is based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria. RESULTS: On the item level, the reliability, measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), ranged between .39 (Item 9) and .98 (Item 10). For the total score, the ICC was .95. For cut-off values of eight points and five points, 87.5% and 88.9%, respectively, of the AUDIT-positives, and 98.9% and 95.1%, respectively, of the AUDIT-negatives were identically identified at retest, with kappa = .86 and kappa = .81. At the cut-off value of five points, we determined good combinations of sensitivity and specificity for the following diagnoses: alcohol dependence (sensitivity and specificity of .97 and .88, respectively), AUD (.97 and .92), and AUD and/or at-risk consumption (.97 and .91). CONCLUSIONS: Embedded in a health-risk questionnaire in primary-care settings, the AUDIT is a reliable and valid screening instrument to identify at-risk drinkers and patients with an AUD. Our findings strongly suggest a lowering of the recommended cut-off value of eight points.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Parent-proxy EQ-5D ratings of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the US and the UK.

BACKGROUND: The symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with impairment in multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). HR-QOL of children with ADHD has been assessed by relatively long multidimensional questionnaires. A review of the literature found no studies using the brief, well established EuroQoL Five-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) to estimate the HR-QOL of children with ADHD. The objective of this study was to assess the HR-QOL of children with ADHD using parents' responses to the proxy version of the EQ-5D. METHODS: Participants were recruited in the midwestern US and in the vicinity of London, England. All parents completed three questionnaires: the EQ-5D proxy version; a measure of ADHD symptoms based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) [DSM-IV] criteria (the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV - Parent Version [ADHD-RS]); and either the Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50) or the Child Health and Illness Profile - Child Edition (CHIP-CE), which are both generic multidimensional paediatric HR-QOL questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 126 parents of children with ADHD participated in the study: 43 in the US and 83 in the UK. On the EQ-5D, participants indicated that 78.6% of their children experienced some problems or extreme problems performing usual activities, while 64.8% believed their child demonstrated some or extreme anxiety or depression. The mean EQ-5D index score was 0.75 and the mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 73.9. The EQ-5D index and VAS scores were found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with several domains of the CHQ-PF50 (e.g. Mental Health, Self-Esteem, Family Activities, Psychosocial Summary Score) and the CHIP-CE (e.g. Satisfaction, Comfort, Academic Performance, Peer Relations). The EQ-5D scales were also significantly correlated with the ADHD-RS scales (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The proxy version of the EQ-5D, completed by parents, was able to detect impairment in children diagnosed with ADHD in the US and the UK. Furthermore, the EQ-5D index and VAS scores demonstrated construct validity among this sample through significant correlations with an ADHD symptom measure and previously validated multidimensional QOL instruments. These results suggest that parent-proxy EQ-5D ratings are feasible and valid for use as part of an overall health outcomes assessment in clinical studies of childhood ADHD.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Discrepancies between premorbid and current IQ as a function of progressive mental deterioration.

The declining cognitive functioning typically found in patients with Alzheimer's disease presents an opportunity to study that decline. The changing magnitude of ever widening discrepancies between premorbid estimators of IQ and observed IQ increases as severity of the disease increases. Premorbid IQs estimated by these scores (the National Adult Reading Test-Revised, the reading tests of the Revised and Third Editions of the Wide Range Achievement Test, and a demographically based regression index for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised) had relatively similar discrepancies from obtained WAIS-R Full Scale IQs in samples of normal elderly (n = 30), and elderly patients diagnosed with mild (n = 30) and moderate Alzheimer's disease (n = 30) dementia. The discrepancies became larger, regardless of premorbid estimator, as disease severity progressed from none to mild to moderate across the samples.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Panic-related outcomes in patients with a personal physician.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although having a regular source of care is associated with positive health behaviors, its effect in specific disorders is not known. This study assessed differences in outcomes of patients with panic attacks, including symptoms, health care utilization, and treatment for panic symptoms based on the presence and specialty of a self-defined personal physician. METHODS: In this community-based study, 97 subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-IIIR) panic attacks were interviewed concerning total and recent health care utilization for panic symptoms, total and current treatment for panic symptoms, and panic-related outcomes such as quality of life, psychiatric symptoms, work disability, substance abuse, and perceived control. RESULTS: Although the absence of a personal family physician was not related to outcomes, the specialty of the personal physician was associated with significant differences in recent health care utilization and treatment for panic and in panic-related outcomes. Having a mental health provider was associated with more utilization and treatment but worse outcomes. However, such differences could generally be explained by differences in preexisting psychiatric disorders and the severity of panic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with having a mental health provider, having a family physician was associated with fewer recent ambulatory visits, particularly to mental health settings, and less-frequent current use of prescription, over-the-counter, or illicit drugs for panic. Yet, when corrected for panic severity and prior mental disorders, there was no difference in these outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A population-based twin study of alcoholism in women.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of genetic factors in the etiology of alcoholism in women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Personal structured psychiatric interviews conducted by researchers "blinded" to the status of the co-twin in an epidemiologic sample of 1030 female-female twin pairs of known zygosity from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. MEASURES: Three definitions of lifetime prevalence of alcoholism based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised criteria: (1) alcoholism with tolerance or dependence; (2) alcoholism with or without tolerance-dependence; and (3) alcoholism with or without tolerance-dependence or problem drinking. RESULTS: Using narrow, intermediate, or broad definitions, the probandwise concordance for alcoholism was consistently higher in monozygotic than in dizygotic twin pairs. Multifactorial threshold models suggested that the heritability of liability to alcoholism in women is in the range of 50% to 60%. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that genetic factors play a major role in the etiology of alcoholism in women. Women should be well represented in the efforts currently under way to elucidate the molecular basis of the genetic susceptibility to alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2003

Detecting malingering on the WAIS-III. Unusual Digit Span performance patterns in the normal population and in clinical groups.

In several studies, suppressed Digit Span performance has been proposed as a potential marker for deliberately poor performance in a neuropsychological evaluation. The purpose of this study was to document Digit Span performance patterns in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III; ) standardization sample and selected clinical groups. Base rate tables were generated for the Digit Span scaled score, longest span forward, longest span backward, and the Vocabulary-Digit Span difference score. Cut-off scores for suspecting negative response bias were proposed, and clinical case examples were used to illustrate these scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of systemwide and hospital-specific performance measurement tools.

Balanced scorecards are being implemented at the system and organizational levels to help managers link their organizational strategies with performance data to better manage their healthcare systems. Prior to this study, hospitals in Ontario, Canada, received two editions of the system-level scorecard (SLS)--a framework, based on the original balanced scorecard, that includes four quadrants: system integration and management innovation (learning and growth), clinical utilization and outcomes (internal processes), patient satisfaction (customer), and financial performance and condition (financial). This study examines the uptake of the SLS framework and indicators into institution-specific scorecards for 22 acute care institutions and 2 non-acute-care institutions. This study found that larger (teaching and community) hospitals were significantly more likely to use the SLS framework to report performance data than did small hospitals (p < 0.0049 and 0.0507) and that teaching hospitals used the framework significantly more than community hospitals did (p < 0.0529). The majority of hospitals in this study used at least one indicator from the SLS in their own scorecards. However, all hospitals in the study incorporated indicators that required data collection and analysis beyond the SLS framework. The study findings suggest that SLS may assist hospitals in developing institution-specific scorecards for hospital management and that the balanced scorecard model can be modified to meet the needs of a variety of hospitals. Based on the insight from this study and other activities that explore top priorities for hospital management, the issues related to efficiency and human resources should be further examined using SLSs.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2006

[Research on comprehensive methods of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the comprehensive methods of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic. METHODS: Based on The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic recovered and edited by Prof. HUANG Long-xiang, the characteristics of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic was analyzed. On this basis and in combination with typical examples, it was mainly analyzed how to correctly understand the original intention and meaning of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic. CONCLUSION: To understand acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic, it should be taken apart layer upon layer successively, and then identify four contents: acupuncture prescriptions and acupoint indications, different components of acupoint indications, syndrome groups, names of diseases and symptoms.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1982

The role of the medical librarian in the use of a MeSH-indexed computerized test question bank.

The University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine utilizes a full-time medical librarian in a non-conventional position as indexer-bibliographer for its computerized Item Library. The responsibilities of the librarian are to edit, index, and reference items for inclusion in the data base; maintain the currency of the Item Library; search the collection; and construct examinations, including a comprehensive quarterly examination, required of all students in this six-year school. Early research in computer-assisted test construction suggested the need for a comprehensive, standard approach to the classification of item content. A professional medical librarian using MeSH descriptors satisfies this need. In existence since 1973, the Item Library is now composed of over 12,000 multiple-choice questions in the basic sciences and clinical medicine. All questions are indexed with up to fifteen MeSH descriptors and referenced to literature sources. The items may be retrieved using any single MeSH term or combination of terms. The collection is available at all times on terminals, and students are encouraged to make use of it for self study. Selected examinations are made available to other institutions by arrangement. Experience has proven both the value of this resource for self study and student evaluation, and the necessity of establishing and continuing the librarian's role.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1995

[Classification of mood disorders in adults].

The two main classifications of mood disorders currently used are the American system, DSM, the fourth edition of which came out in 1994, and the International Classification of Diseases, the tenth edition of which was published in 1993. These classifications are based on the following broad principles: simple description with no hypothetical aetio-pathogenic discussion, distinction between the various clinical forms in accordance with variety and intensity of symptoms, co-existence of other more or less serious somatic disorders, individual identification of bipolar forms, etc. The key changes made in the classification of mood disorders between the revised version of DSMIII published in 1987 and DSM-IV published in 1994 suggest that a greater degree of concordance in diagnosis between different practitioners may be expected in future. In addition, certain changes such as the therapeutic decision-trees will most likely have an impact on practice. In this way, further details are added to the clinical criteria of duration or description of the clinical features seen, thereby allowing a clearer distinction to be made between normality and the onset of the pathology in question. Regarding bipolar disorders, the general organisation of the classification and the terminology used have been extensively revised, with the distinction between types I and II becoming official. Furthermore, differentiation between certain aspects of depression emphasises the frequency of certain clinical particularities, either in the onset or during the course of these disorders. This is true of melancholic, catatonic and atypical features specifiers (i.e. with mood reactivity and interpersonal rejection sensitivity), post-partum onset specifier, seasonal pattern specifier and rapid-cycling specifier. Finally, a certain number of specifications are proposed allowing the postulation of notions of complete or partial cure between episodes in case of recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Treating comorbid depression and anxiety.

Depression and anxiety disorders are distinct illnesses that often coexist. Patients suffering from both disorders have more psychological, physical, and social impairment than do patients suffering from either illness alone. Mixed anxiety-depression is gaining recognition as a separate diagnosis and has been included in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, and in the appendix of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Current treatment recommendations for comorbid depression and anxiety are based on clinical experience with the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders when they occur independently. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to be effective for simultaneously occurring anxiety and depression, but the side-effect profiles of the MAOIs and TCAs limit their use for this condition. Benzodiazepines are useful for the acute treatment of anxiety symptoms and buspirone for chronic generalized anxiety, but neither agent is effective for the long-term treatment of depression. The recently available antidepressants nefazodone and venlafaxine may also be useful for this patient population. When possible, psychotherapy should be used in conjunction with pharmacotherapy to improve treatment outcomes.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Pancreatic anastomosis after pancreatoduodenectomy].

Leakage from a pancreatic anastomosis after a pancreatoduodenectomy is one of the serious problems that can bring on life-threatening complications and lead to operative mortality. To minimize these complications, various reconstruction methods have been proposed. A series of 183 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy between August 1981 and December 1996 at 1st Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine. Our pancreatic anastomoses were classified into four groups based on "Classification of Pancreatic Carcinoma (Japan Pancreas Society, FirstEnglish Edition, Kanehara, Tokyo 1996)",: (a) mucosa-to-mucosa pancreatico jejunostomy in 58 cases, (b) tube assisted (telescoped typed) pancreaticojejunostomyin 104, (c) pancreaticojejunostomy through dunking method in 2, and (d) panc reaticogastrostomy in 19. The leakage occured in 5 out of 104 of tube-assisted pancreaticojejunostomy, in 1 out of 19 of pancreaticogastrostomy. Due to the smooth healing process of anastomosis, mucosa-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy have been applied, leading to results were no leakage occurred in 58 consecutive cases.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase as a potential mammalian RNA editing factor.

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) adenosine deaminase, or DRADA, is a cellular enzyme that modifies adenosine residues to inosines in dsRNA by hydrolytic deamination, replacing A-U with mismatched I-U base pairs. Since it alters the base composition in its substrate RNA, one possible role played by DRADA is to participate in RNA editing. In this article, a brief review is given of characteristics of DRADA. Its possible involvement in RNA editing is also discussed in detail, including specific cases in which DRADA has been implicated as an RNA editing factor.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1993

Editing of a tRNA anticodon in marsupial mitochondria changes its codon recognition.

RNA editing has been described for organellar genes of protozoa and plants as well as in three cases for nuclear transcripts of mammals. The mitochondrial tRNA for aspartic acid is encoded in the mitochondrial genome of marsupials with the anticodon GCC. However, cDNA from the gene product revealed that the second nucleotide of the anticodon of the tRNA is posttranscriptionally changed to be recognized as an uridine residue. This restores the coding property of the tRNA. Direct sequencing as well as clones of the amplified cDNA indicated that about 50% of the cellular pool of pre-tRNA molecules for aspartic acid is edited. Thus, RNA editing occurs in mammalian mitochondria and can affect the anticodons of tRNAs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Extensive adenosine-to-inosine editing detected in Alu repeats of antisense RNAs reveals scarcity of sense-antisense duplex formation.

One type of RNA editing converts adenosine residues to inosine in double-stranded regions. Recent transcriptome analysis has revealed that numerous Alu repeats, present within introns and untranslated regions of human transcripts, are subject to this A-->I RNA editing. Furthermore, it revealed global transcription of antisense RNAs. Here, we demonstrate that antisense RNAs are also edited extensively but only in their Alu repeat sequences, and editing does not extend to the surrounding sequence. Our findings imply that sense and antisense RNAs form two separate intramolecular double-stranded RNAs consisting of inversely oriented Alu repeats, but rarely form intermolecular duplexes.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2002

Modification of the universally unmodified uridine-33 in a mitochondria-imported edited tRNA and the role of the anticodon arm structure on editing efficiency.

Editing of tRNA has a wide phylogenetic distribution among eukaryotes and in some cases serves to expand the decoding capacity of the target tRNA. We previously described C-to-U editing of the wobble position of the imported tRNA(Trp) in Leishmania mitochondria, which is essential for decoding UGA codons as tryptophan. Here we show the complete set of nucleotide modifications in the anticodon arm of the mitochondrial and cytosolic tRNA(Trp) as determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed extensive mitochondria-specific posttranscriptional modifications, including the first example of thiolation of U33, the "universally unmodified" uridine. In light of the known rigidity imparted on sugar conformation by thiolation, our discovery of a thiolated U33 suggests that conformational flexibility is not a universal feature of the anticodon structural signature. In addition, the in vivo analysis of tRNA(Trp) variants presented shows a single base-pair reversal in the anticodon stem of tRNA(Trp) is sufficient to abrogate editing in vivo, indicating that subtle changes in anticodon structure can have drastic effects on editing efficiency.

Anticodon↗
PubMed1994

Paramyxovirus mRNA editing leads to G deletions as well as insertions.

Paramyxoviruses are thought to edit their P gene mRNAs co-transcriptionally, by a mechanism in which the polymerase stutters and reads the same template base more than once. Sendai virus (SeV) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bPIV3) are closely related viruses, but SeV edits its P gene mRNA with the insertion of a single G residue (at approximately 50% frequency) within the sequence 5' A6G3, whereas bPIV3 inserts 1 to approximately 6 Gs at roughly equal frequency within the sequence 5' A6G4. When SeV synthetic mini-genomes containing either SeV or bPIV3 P gene editing cassettes are expressed from cDNA in cells which are also transfected with the SeV NP, P and L genes, the virus-specific editing patterns were reproduced. Since the bPIV3 editing pattern was reproduced in a system that is otherwise completely SeV, this suggests that all the information for the virus-specific editing patterns is due to the RNA sequence itself. Unexpectedly, the length of the template C run was found to be critical, even though it varies from 3 to 7 nucleotides in length in different viruses. Expanding this template C run first led to attenuation of the insertion phenotype, and then to deletions rather than insertions. A stuttering or slippage model to account for these events has been further refined to include a pressure which displaces the nascent strand in a given direction once it has disengaged from the template, and the similarities of this model to those which account for readthrough of cellular RNA polymerase transcription blocks are discussed.

Base Sequence↗