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PubMed1978

[Simultaneous diagnostic studies of bacteriuria as related to method of urine collection].

In a direct comparative series were compared 204 functional, catheter, and mid-stream urines which were got simultaneously in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. In suprapubic vesical puncture 113 had a sterile urine, 91 showed a bacteriuria. After catheterisation 103 specimens were still sterile and 101 were bacterially infected. Of the mid-stream urines only 90 proved sterile, and 114 times pathogenic agents could be proved. While in males mid-stream urines achieved good results, in females a contamination was pretty frequent. Repeated investigations, estimation of the number of germs, and optimum taking essentially improve evidence. Though in females by means of catheterisation better bacteriological results may be achieved, in rare cases there is the danger of the invasion of germs. A clear judgment is possible, using the suprapubic vesical puncture.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in relation to schistosomiasis. III. Proteinuria, haematuria, pyuria and bacteriuria in the rural community of Nigeria.

Midstream specimen of urine was collected from the total population of two rural communities in the immediate environs of Ibadan. One has a higher and the other a low endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis. Proteinuria, haematuria, pyuria and bacteriuria were found to be significantly more frequent in the area of high than low endemicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The significance of eradication of bacteriuria during pregnancy.

Over a 20-year period at WHMC the annual incidence of acute antepartum pyelonephritis decreased from 4.0% to 0.8%. This decrease is correlated with the eradication of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Since urinary tract infections frequently recur, these antepartum patients must be monitored after therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Asymptomatic bacteriuria as the manifestation of a syndrome of the activation and persistence of endogenous microflora in dynamic human adaptation to stress].

The analysis has been performed of the mechanisms underlying the origin of asymptomatic bacteriuria as an adaptive reaction in response to surgical aggression. The experiments proved penetration of autobacteria from the intestine to blood channel and organic structures of the animals in the course of adaptation to an operative trauma and consequent elimination of the bacteria from the body. It was observed that endogenic microflora participates in regeneration of macroorganism structures which have lost their morphofunctional integrity due to mechanic and toxic aggression. It is suggested that activation and persistence of endogenic microflora may arise to identify and abolish foci of aseptic destruction during the aggression in adaptation to stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1976

[New methods of research in the field of bacteriuria: correlation between agar-bacteria and urotube-enterotube system (author's transl)].

Good results have been achieved through a comparative study carried out on a sample of 362 cultures in order to verify the attendibility of a new method of research on bacteriuria. The new Urotube system follows the theorical bases of dip-inoculum of a substratum of a medium of culture. The changes which were verified after the simultaneous use of the two methods on the same sample, were very slight and meaningless for the crossed calculation of the chi2. The second part of the research refers to the qualitative side and test out the bacterial species found out us the considered samples. There were no important varieties between the studies of the following AA. (Kass, Schito) and ours; most infectious processes have, as ethiological agents, gram-negative bacteria, named Enterobacteriacae, which are much more numerous than gram-positive bacteria. It seem however important to underline a slight change of this ratio; it was verified during our test, infact we recorded a percentage of gram-positive higher than the percentage recorded by Kass and Schito.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

The influence of water diuresis on the course of experimental E. coli bacteriuria after unilateral nephrectomy in rats.

In rats of both sexes with experimental E. coli infection of the urinary bladder, we evaluated by quantitative bacteriology urinary and kidney tissue infection during low diuresis, during hydropenia, and during water diuresis. Particular attention was given to the question of whether the hypertrophying kidney following contralateral nephrectomy has the same sensitivity to infection ascending from the bladder as a normal kidney. The results showed that water diuresis results in a long-term significant bacteriuria with penetration of microorganisms into the kidney. However, we did not find that infection of a solitary kidney following contralateral nephrectomy was of any greater degree than infection in the kidneys of rats with both kidneys intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of bacteriuria in febrile infants.

Urine samples from 129 admitted febrile infants were collected using the suprapubic aspiration technique, and subjected to routine urinalysis, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Most of the infants suffered from respiratory tract infections (n = 80) and gastroenteritis (n = 25). Sixty nine patients were male and sixty female. In all, 7 patients had positive cultures (5.4%), indicating a high yield (> 5%). Six of these were female and occurred in patients with gastroenteritis (p < 0.05 for both by chi 2 and Z test). Four patients showed pus cells and organisms on smear, and all of them were culture positive. Another three had only pus cells, but were also culture positive. One patient each, who had pus cells only or organisms only on smear had no growth on culture. E. coli was grown in 6 of these cases, and Klebsiella in one. All cultures were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Variable sensitivity was seen with gentamicin, streptomycin, and furadantin. The organisms were uniformly resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. The procedure of suprapubic aspiration was safe with no complications. Our findings indicate that bacteriuria is not uncommon in febrile infants even with clinical evidence of other illnesses and that female children, especially those with gastroenteritis, are at most risk. Routine urine cultures in such patients would appear justified.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacteriuria. Bacteriological diagnosis and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents].

In a brief introduction, methods for collecting urine and diagnosis criteria are reviewed. Data relative to a study of about 10,000 samples of urine from patients admitted to various departments of the Milan Ca' Granda Hospital in 1975 are then reported. The frequencies of the various species of bacteria isolated in cases of bacteriuria are reported. Those occurring most frequently were Proteus (40.7%) of whose four species, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus rettgeri cover almost all cases, and Escherichia coli (26.1%). As for individual isolated microrganisms, the sensitivity to 13 chemotherapeutic agents was tested. E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterococcus demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity with respect to the majority of antibiotics considered.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Asymptomatic bacteriuria among diabetics attending Kenyatta National Hospital.

Significant asymptomatic bacteriuria is an important cause of pyelonephritis and gram negative septicaemia among certain predisposed individuals, such as diabetics. We investigated the incidence of asymptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) among our diabetic patients and the type and antibacterial sensitivity patterns of the organisms causing these UTIs. One hundred and thirty five patients submitted midstream urine specimens for culture. Fifteen patients had positive cultures showing the incidence of asymptomatic UTI to be 11.1%. There were ten female and five male patients with UTI. The commonest organism isolated was Escherichia coli at 40%. Gram negative bacilli made up 66.7% of the isolates. Isolates were poorly sensitive to the regularly available antibiotics-ampicillin (33% sensitive, cotrimoxazole (33% sensitive). Nitrofurantoin inhibited growth in 93% of the isolates. Other antimicrobials with over 80% sensitivity level included: gentamicin, ceftazidime, augmentin, cefuroxime and norfloxacin. They are expensive or require parenteral administration. The incidence of asymptomatic UTI is high among diabetics and although the organisms isolated are those usually isolated in UTIs, they are not that sensitive to the commonly available and antibacterial agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Prevalence of susceptibility to quinolones and other antibiotics in microorganisms isolated from community bacteriuria in Madrid in 1995. Study Group of Infections in Primary Care].

BACKGROUND: For the empiric therapy of urinary tract infections (UTI) in the extra-hospital setting the susceptibility patterns of potential pathogens, among some other factors, should be considered. Thus, the evolution in susceptibility, mainly influenced by the previous consume of antibiotic, can be observed when comparing with susceptibility patterns in the previous years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All isolates obtained from patients with bacteriuria from 4 Health Areas in Madrid for a 3-week period were collected. The susceptibility to 4 quinolones and other 9 antibiotics was determined by the agar dilution method. The chi square test was used to compare the results obtained with Escherrichia coli isolates with those obtained with the same method in 1992. RESULTS: A total of 945 isolates were recovered. E. coli accounted for 71.4% of isolates; other gram-negative bacilli for 20.2% and gram-positive cocci for 8.4%. The percentages of E. coli isolates susceptible to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, phosphomycin, cefuroxime, and cefuroxime-axetil were 40.5, 74.7, 91.6, 97.8, 98.1 and 75.9, respectively. Isolates with cefotaxime MIC higher than 0.5 mg/l were not detected. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.01) for susceptibilities recorded in 1992 and 1995 for amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, and the four quinolones. The antibiotics with the best in vitro activity against the remaining gram-negative bacilli were norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (98% of susceptible isolates), gentamicin (97%) and cefotaxime (95%). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in susceptibility results for E. coli between 1992 and 1995 have been observed. By 1995, there are commercially available antibiotics with good in vitro activity against pathogens with the potential of causing extra-hospital UTI in our setting.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Bacteriuria localization and response to single-dose therapy in women.

One hundred women with bacteriuria had the infection localized by the "bladder-washout" technique. Thirty-six of the 39 with infection confined to the bladder were cured with a single intramuscular injection of 500 mg of kanamycin sulfate, whereas 47 of the 65 patients with infection originating from their upper tract relapsed almost immediately. None of the seven patients with abnormal pyelograms and associated upper tract infection was cured with kanamycin. These results suport the hypothesis that bladder infections in women can be readily cured with a very short course of therapy. Women who relapse after a single injection of kanamycin almost always have renal infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A double-blind comparative study of norfloxacin versus placebo in hospitalised elderly patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Patients over the age of 65 years with clear catch specimens of urine containing organisms sensitive to norfloxacin were blindly randomised to receive either norfloxacin in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 7 days or a placebo for the same period. Urine cultures were repeated immediately prior to treatment, at the end of treatment and at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months after treatment. Physical and mental function were assessed by performing a Crighton Behavioural Rating Scale at the same time intervals. Observations were made on 29 each of subjects on norfloxacin and placebo. The proportions of patients abacteriuric at the end of treatment, 7 days and 3 months post- treatment were 16/24 (66%), 12/24 (50%) and 5/24 (21%) in the norfloxacin group and 10/26 (38%), 8/26 (31%) and 8/25 (32%) in the placebo group. Percentage calculations (and denominators) exclude those patients withdrawn or for whom there were no specimens available at the sampling interval in question. Means and 95% intervals for the Crighton Behaviour Rating Scales initially and at 3 months in subjects on norfloxacin were 18.1 (15.1-20.7) and 19.1 (16.2-21.9) respectively. The same figures for the placebo group were 15.7 (12.6-18.8) and 16.6 (13.7-19.5). It is concluded that a 7 day course of norfloxacin for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria had no effect on the physical and mental function of elderly continuing care patients, and that one explanation for this is that there was a high rate of urinary re-infection.

Clinical Trial↗
PubMed1988

Bacterial virulence and inflammatory response in infants with febrile urinary tract infection or screening bacteriuria.

Two populations were analyzed prospectively after a first episode of urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic infants were screened at 2 weeks and at 3 and 10 months of age, and bacteriuria was confirmed by bladder puncture. Infants with febrile urinary tract infection were enrolled during the same study period. The inflammatory response was characterized by the presence of fever, serum C-reactive protein, microsedimentation rate, urinary leukocyte excretion, and width of the ureters. The bacteria were defined for O:K:H serotype, hemolysin production, resistance to the bactericidal effect of serum, attachment to uroepithelial cells, and specificity for the globoseries of glycolipid receptors. In agreement with previous studies, the frequency of increased inflammatory signs and of attaching Escherichia coli was significantly higher in infants with febrile urinary tract infection than in the screening group. Within both patient groups, however, children infected with attaching E. coli strains had significantly more inflammatory signs. The results suggest that adherence facilitates the presentation of bacterial components capable of causing inflammation in the tissues in the urinary tract.

Blood Sedimentation↗
PubMed1982

Long-term treatment with pivmecillinam in patients with recurrent bacteriuria.

Thirty out-patients with chronic recurrent urinary tract infections, who had failed to respond to 10 days treatment with either pivmecillinam and/or amoxycillin, received a 3-month course of pivmecillinam at a dose of 200 mg, three times daily. Twenty-seven patients had bacteriuria due to Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia coli, sensitive to mecillinam in vitro. Pivmecillinam eradicated all the initial urinary pathogens. Reinfections occurred during treatment in three patients, who remained asymptomatic. Four subjects complained of gastro-intestinal side-effects, and therapy was withdrawn in three instances. Another three patients described unusual adverse events towards the end of the course of treatment, described as an odd sensation in the body and a desire for salt. The sensation disappeared a few days after the end of treatment. Treatment with pivmecillinam had no adverse effect on haematopoietic, hepatic or renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among Egyptian elder persons living in the rural areas.

This study detected the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among elder Egyptians living in the rural areas Serrey village (Qaulyobia G.). Complete history taking, clinical examination, urine analysis and culture, blood glucose level and serum creatinine were performed for 86 elders. The asymptomatic bactiruria was 24.4% and the most common organism was Klebsiella followed by Staphylococcus and the least was E. coli. Regular urine culture is a must for the elders in rural areas.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Asymptomatic bacteriuria: which management in patients with diabetes mellitus?].

Most of the research about asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in patients with diabetes mellitus has been performed in female patients, with a prevalence of approximately 7-13 %, about 3 to 4 times higher than that reported for nondiabetic women. Poor metabolic control, as assessed by haemoglobin A1c or glucosuria, is not associated with increased ASB. The latter is associated with an increased risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection among patients with type 2 diabetes, but not type 1 diabetes. These infections tend to be more complicated and caused by more resistant organisms than reported for nondiabetic patients. Despite this, systematic screening for and treating ASB have not been shown to reduce long-term complications, such as accelerated progression to arterial hypertension or renal failure, or symptomatic urinary tract infections (including pyelonephritis) or hospitalization for these infections. Thus, available evidence does not support systematic screening and antimicrobial treatment of ASB among patients with diabetes mellitus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Rapid diagnosis of gram-negative bacteriuria with endotoxin-specific chromogenic test].

Limulus amebocyte lysate test is a simple, yet sensitive laboratory method for detecting endotoxin. Although the specificity of the test was questioned, we recently solved this problem by removing a (1----3)-beta-D-glucan-sensitive factor G from the lysate (Endospecy, Seikagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo). In this study, we have established a method for the determination of endotoxin urine in using Endospecy. An aliquot of 0.2 ml of Endospecy dissolved in 4.4 ml of 0.1 mol/l Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) was added to 5 microliter of urine sample. The mixture was incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. After diazo-coupling, absorbance was measured at 545 nm. The standard curve using Escherichia coli 0111: B4 endotoxin showed a good linearity. The addition-recovery test of various endotoxins showed nearly 100% recovery. Normal urine contained less than 60 pg/ml of endotoxin. Urine from patients with Gram-negative bacteriuria showed definitely high values, whereas urines infected either with Gram-positive bacteria or with fungi all showed nearly normal values. This method will be useful as a rapid and reliable test for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection with Gram-negative bacteria.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1982

[Antibody-coated bacteriuria and localization of urinary tract infection].

Antibody-coated bacteriuria (ACB) test was proposed as a tool for localisation of urinary tract infection (UTI). Our own results and a review of the literature give the following percentage: 85% ACB + in parenchymatous infection, 93% ACB--in lower UTI. The discrepancies observed from one group to the other show the importance of several parameters: the lack of standardization of the technic, the value of monospecific vs polyspecific antisera, the variability of some bacterial properties, the type of investigated patients. When these different parameters are well defined, the ACB test appears to be the most valuable technic to evaluate the renal risk of UTI.

Adult↗