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PubMed1997

Utilization of nursing research in practice and application strategies to raise research awareness amongst nurse practitioners: a model for success.

This paper describes the views of nurse practitioners regarding the utilization of nursing research in practice and puts forward four major strategies to raise research awareness amongst students and qualified nursing staff. The aims of the study were to describe the extent to which nursing research was being used in practice and secondly the degree of nurses' awareness of current research findings relevant to their daily work. Attention also focused on strategies needed to improve research awareness amongst nurse practitioners. The study was centred on two large district general hospitals, chosen to provide contrasts. Data were collected at two points in time, over a 2 1/2-year period, using in-depth individual and group interviews. The results of the study showed that research awareness amongst many nurses and research utilization in several practice areas were poor despite availability of a number of relevant and well-established nursing research findings. It also showed that resistance to applying nursing research to practice was often high, particularly amongst more senior nursing staff. However, it could be changed if researchers, nursing lecturers and nurse practitioners work jointly together towards promoting nursing research in practice and using: facilitation, support and encouragement; role modelling; consistency; and application in clinical practice.

Attitude↗
PubMed2005

Awareness, knowledge and attitudes to non-melanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis among the general public.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has dramatically increased worldwide. In areas of high incidence this will place a significant burden on the health system. Objectives To establish the awareness, knowledge and attitudes of the general public to NMSC and provide an overview on their level of understanding and knowledge of preventative measures. METHODS: Two thousand and one hundred Caucasian and Hispanic individuals, aged 40-75 years, from the UK, Italy, Germany, Spain, France, the USA and Australia were randomly selected to participate in this market research survey. In a structured telephone interview lasting approximately 10 min, respondents answered questions on NMSC, specifically actinic keratosis (AK) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). RESULTS: Overall, 6% of respondents had been diagnosed with NMSC, of which the incidence was highest in Australia and the USA. The frequency of skin cancer detection examinations was also greater within these populations. Countries with a high incidence of NSMC had greater awareness of the condition, with more awareness of BCC than AK. The majority of respondents believed there was a correlation between skin cancer and sun exposure, however, a minority of respondents associated skin cancer with 'moderate' tanning. Overall, 86% of respondents claimed that they always took precautions against ultraviolet exposure when in the sun, but only 26% applied sunscreen most or all of the time when they were exposed to the sun for more than 1 h. In most of the countries, outside workers reported lower sunscreen use than other respondents. CONCLUSION: Nonmelanoma skin cancer awareness and prevention behaviors varied significantly among the countries studied. Improved population-specific documentation of skin cancer knowledge and prevention behaviors will facilitate the development and assessment of public health campaigns.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Public awareness and knowledge of prostate cancer in Japan: results of a survey at short-stay examination facilities.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine public awareness and knowledge of prostate cancer, which has not been adequately studied in Japan. METHODS: Assessment was made of public awareness and perception of prostate cancer in Japan, based on health examination data for participants in a short-stay physical examination program ("human dry dock"). A multiple-choice, thirty-point questionnaire survey was conducted at 3 "human dry dock" medical facilities situated in urban areas. RESULTS: Many Japanese adults appeared to be inadequately aware of prostate cancer and of the means available for its early detection. One third of the participants were unfamiliar with this malignancy. Logistic regression analysis indicated smoking to be the only covariate associated with lack of knowledge of prostate cancer (P< 0.05). Seventy-one percent of the subjects had heard of digital rectal examination, but only 16% and 8%, respectively, were familiar with the terms transrectal ultrasonography and PSA testing. Japanese people may possibly be less informed about prostate cancer than African-American males. Both "human dry dock" facilities and subject gender were significantly associated with knowledge of digital rectal examination (P< 0.05). Knowledge of transrectal ultrasonography was found to depend on participation in "human dry dock" programs and level of education (P< 0.05). Smoking, participation in "human dry dock" programs under employer direction, and health status were all identified as determinants for knowledge of PSA testing (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Educational programs should be established and put into effect to instill adequate awareness of prostate cancer in Japan. In a better-informed society, more effort would be directed toward prevention and thus early stage prostate cancer would be detected more often.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Study of osteoporosis awareness, investigation and treatment of patients discharged from a tertiary public teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND: Patients with fragility fractures secondary to osteoporosis are at risk of recurrent fracture. Osteoporosis is often underrecognized and undertreated. We looked at the levels of awareness, investigation and treatment of patients with fracture. METHODS: The study group included patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital. Postal surveys were sent to female patients over 60 years of age who had been identified in the hospital database as having International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for fracture and discharged between June 1997 and January 2002. The questionnaire had specific questions on the histories of the fractures, the risk factors, the awareness of osteoporosis, bone mineral density testing and the treatment for osteoporosis. RESULTS: Of 1584 surveys posted, 366 valid questionnaires were returned. The median age of respondents was 81 years with a range of 60-99 years. Fifty-nine per cent reported one fracture, 41% two or more fractures and 65% reported a hip fracture. Forty-eight per cent of patients were aware that they had osteoporosis and 35% reported having a bone density performed. Thirty-seven per cent reported being on treatment for osteoporosis on discharge, with the majority being on treatment with calcium (34%). CONCLUSION: This postal survey of a high-risk patient group discharged from a tertiary hospital confirm the findings from other population-based and hospital-based studies that a significant proportion of patients at risk of further fracture are not investigated or offered specific treatment for osteoporosis. Lack of awareness of underlying osteoporosis by both treating clinicians and patients is likely to be a major contributing factor.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effect of a public awareness campaign on the appropriateness of patient-initiated skin examination in general practice.

The aim of the study was to describe the appropriateness of patient-initiated skin examinations, and assess whether an awareness program leads to a greater proportion of inappropriate patient-initiated skin examinations. General practitioners (n = 27, response rate 71 per cent) from a regional town in Queensland recorded details of consultations involving a skin examination over a five-week period straddling the 1991 National Skin Cancer Awareness Week. The outcome measure was the clinical impression (benign, suspicious or malignant) of the most serious skin lesion presented by each general practice patient (n = 1183). Thirty-six per cent of patient-presented lesions were clinically suspicious or malignant. Lesions were more likely to be clinically suspicious or malignant if they were presented as the primary reason for the consultation (odds ratio OR = 1,219.95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.48); if the patient was aged over 35 years (OR = 5.594, CI 1.08 to 7.66); or male (OR = 1.634, CI 1.35 to 2.00). Following a public skin cancer awareness campaign, there was a slight nonsignificant decrease (OR 0.938, CI 0.91 or 1.25) in the proportion of clinically suspicious and malignant lesions detected. An increase in the number of skin examinations following an awareness campaign did not result in an increase in the proportion of inappropriate skin examinations. Patient-initiated skin examinations have an important role to play in the early detection of skin cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Awareness, knowledge and attitudes to basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratoses among the general public within Europe.

OBJECTIVE: As the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is reported to be increasing in Europe, the objective of this survey was to establish the general population's awareness and knowledge of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratoses (AK) within five European countries. METHODS: A total of 1500 individuals from the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany and Spain were randomly selected to participate in the study. In a 10-minute structured telephone interview respondents answered questions on skin cancer and BCC and AK. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of respondents were concerned about skin cancer. Even though the majority of respondents believed there was a correlation between skin cancer and the sun or overexposure to sunlight, nearly a third of the surveyed population rarely or never used sunscreen when outdoors. In general there was a low level of awareness about BCC and AK, with only 22% and 6% of respondents, respectively, being aware of the conditions. CONCLUSION: There is a need to increase the awareness of skin cancer and safe sun practices among the European population.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Asymmetric deterioration of spatial awareness with diminishing levels of alertness in normal children and children with ADHD.

BACKGROUND: There is growing literature suggesting that some children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can show a significant bias in attention away from left space. Here we examine mechanisms that may underpin these effects in both clinical and non-clinical child populations. Unilateral spatial inattention (unilateral neglect) is a commonly reported consequence of stroke in adults. Although for most patients the problem is relatively transient, persistent forms of neglect are almost exclusively associated with right hemisphere lesions. It has been suggested that this chronicity may result from co-existing disruption to right hemisphere dominant systems that mediate alertness. Here we present two studies examining the relationship between sustained attention and left spatial awareness in childhood. METHOD: In the first, normal children without the ADHD diagnosis were administered a non-spatial test of sustained attention/alertness. Children who performed poorly at this task, relative to their more attentive peers, showed a modest but reliable delay in awareness of left-sided visual information. Furthermore, attention towards the left declined for both groups as a function of time-on-task, suggesting a significant within-subject modulatory effect of alertness on spatial awareness. The second study examines this relationship in children referred to clinical services for attention problems. Irrespective of their final diagnosis, children were divided into two groups according to their performance in sustained attention/alertness tasks. RESULTS: The results suggest that, regardless of the children's clinical diagnosis, diminished sustained attention/alertness levels formed the strongest predictor of relatively delayed awareness of information presented within left visual space. Two children within this group exhibited signs of hitherto undetected spatial neglect as severe as that observed in some brain-injured adults. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1997

Foot position awareness in younger and older men: the influence of footwear sole properties.

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypotheses that foot position awareness is related positively to stability, positively to shoe sole hardness, and negatively to shoe sole thickness, and that foot position awareness declines with advancing years. SETTING: Older subjects were consecutive volunteers from a medical clinic; younger subjects were volunteers from the community. DESIGN: Randomized-order, cross-over, controlled comparison. PARTICIPANTS: Older subjects were a random sample of 13 healthy men, mean age 72.58 years, SD +/- 4.50. Younger subjects were a random sample of 13 male subjects from the general population, mean age 28.13 years, SD +/- 3.96. Additional selection criteria were absence of disabilities influencing ability to walk and no history of frequent falls. MEASUREMENTS: Balance failure frequency, defined as falls per 100 meters of beam walking; rearfoot angle in degrees, measured via an optical position measurement system; perceived maximum supination when walking, in degrees, estimated by subjects using a ratio scale; foot position error, in degrees, was defined as the rearfoot angle minus perceived maximum supination. RESULTS: Foot position error during walking: (1) increases with advancing years; footwear conditions absolute mean error for older sample of 15.48 degrees, SE +/- 1.56 degrees, and younger sample 5.44 degrees, SE +/- 1.03 degrees (P > .001); (2) is positively related to stability (r = .367, P < .001); (3) is positively related to midsole thickness (F(1,11) = 19.89, P < .001); (4) is negatively related to midsole hardness (F(2,22) = 29.80, P < .001); (5) correlates best with perceived maximum supination (r = .901, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Foot position awareness is related causally to stability; shoes with thin, hard soles provide better stability for men than those with thick, soft midsoles. Foot position awareness declines with advancing years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SIDS risk factor awareness: assessment among nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that nursing students (a) have limited knowledge of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation of placing infants on their backs or sides for sleep, and (b) after careful education about SIDS, would retain this information and teach it to parents. DESIGN: A pretest questionnaire was used to identify knowledge of 13 risk factors and personal recommendation for sleep position. Participants attended a lecture on SIDS and received written educational material. A posttest was completed after 6 weeks. SETTING: Nursing students were assessed during their family practice course. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-one 4th-year nursing students (mean age 28.4 years, SD=7.6) enrolled in the BSN program completed the pretest; 29 completed the identical posttest. INTERVENTION: A lecture on SIDS and SIDS risk factors with written educational material after the pretest. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pretest and posttest responses. RESULTS: The Mann-Whitney test and McNemar chi-square analyses were used to determine factors on the pretest which influenced the awareness of prone position and to compare pretest and posttest data. On the pretest, 69% of students were aware of the AAP recommendation but significantly more (92%) were aware on the posttest. Posttest responses increased significantly for 12 of the 13 risk factors; 41% of the students identified all 13 risk factors on the posttest, in contrast to 0% on the pretest. On both the pretest and posttest, 93% of students stated that it was important to discuss their infant's sleep position with parents. Posttest results showed that students unanimously recommend the side or back sleep position. CONCLUSION: Nursing students were aware of the AAP recommendation, yet their knowledge of other risk factors was limited. A careful educational process resulted in retention of information about the AAP recommendation and other risk factors. In addition, students were willing to teach parents to place their infants on the back or side to sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Periodontal disease awareness among pregnant women and its relationship with socio-demographic variables.

Certain conditions may have an affect on gingival status and may aggravate pre-existing disease, especially in persons with poor oral hygiene. Pregnancy is one of these conditions. In addition, there is evidence in the literature suggesting an association between periodontal diseases in pregnant women and giving birth to premature, low-birth infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of periodontal health knowledge, and awareness, among pregnant women in Jordan. This was carried out by cross-sectional survey using self-administered, structured questionnaires distributed at six maternity care centres in Irbid City. Questionnaire items addressed personal and socio-demographic variables and periodontal health awareness and knowledge of pregnant women. Women (n = 300) were randomly chosen from attendants to these centres. Of the 300 questionnaires distributed, only 275 pregnant women ages 16-45 years with a mean of 29 year responded and were included in the study. Data were analysed by chi-squared test with the level of significance set at (P < 0.05). About one-third of the participants had secondary level of education; it appeared that a minority of the pregnant women had knowledge or ability to identify dental plaque (16.4%) and its harmful effects (22.5%), while most of them (88%) were aware that bleeding gums indicated the presence of periodontal disease. The differences in the responses to knowledge questions were only significant for question number one (What is plaque?) among different educational levels and groups. This study revealed that (71.6%) of the pregnant women knew the main cause of gum disease; however 56% of them do not believe that frequency of teeth brushing should be increased during pregnancy and only 5.1% believed there might be a relationship between gum diseases and premature labour. Knowledge and awareness for pregnant women about their teeth and gingival condition is generally poor. Pregnant women need accurate information about their teeth and oral health. Simple educational preventive programmes on oral self-care and disease prevention before and during pregnancy should be provided to improve oral health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Bulimia nervosa: knowledge, awareness, and skill levels among advanced practice nurses.

PURPOSE: To examine the knowledge, awareness, and self-perceived skill levels regarding bulimia nervosa (BN) among advance practice nurses (APNs) caring for young female patients. DATA SOURCES: Two hundred APNs of various nurse practitioner (NP) specialties were surveyed with a mailed questionnaire. One hundred and twenty-one (61%) surveys were returned and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrated that APNs are knowledgeable and aware about BN. There were several statistically significant relationships among awareness and self-perceived skill levels. Pediatric NPs were found to be the most aware of BN in their young female patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The incidence of eating disorders is on the rise. Bulimia nervosa, a common secretive illness, poses a significant challenge for APNs potentially leading to missed diagnosis. There is a paucity of research exploring this issue. Study findings provide evidence to enhance curricula on eating disorders in academic and continuing education programs and guidance for future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Egypt. Results from the Egyptian National Hypertension Project (NHP). NHP Investigative Team.

This report from the Egyptian National Hypertension Project presents national estimates of the prevalence of hypertension and the extent to which high blood pressure is being detected, treated with medications, and controlled in the Egyptian population. The results are based on findings from a national probability survey of adults > or = 25 years of age conducted in six Egyptian governorates. With the use of a stratified multistage probability design, 6733 people (85% response rate) were examined. Hypertension was defined as systolic pressure > or = 140 mm Hg, and/or diastolic pressure > or = 90 mm Hg, and/or reported treatment with one or more antihypertensive medications. Overall, the estimated prevalence of hypertension in Egypt was 26.3%. Hypertension prevalence increased progressively with age, from 7.8% in 25- to 34-year-olds to 56.6% in those 75 years or older. Hypertension was slightly more common in women than in men (26.9% versus 25.7%, respectively). Overall, 37.5% of hypertensive individuals were aware that they had high blood pressure, 23.9% were being treated with antihypertensive medications, and 8.0% were under control (systolic pressure < 140 mm Hg and diastolic pressure < 90 mm Hg). Hypertension prevalence as well as awareness, treatment, and control rates varied by region, with Cairo having the highest prevalence (31.0%) and the Coastal Region having the highest control rate (15.9%). Rates of awareness, treatment, and control tended to be lowest in areas of lower socioeconomic status. Our results indicate that hypertension is highly prevalent in Egypt and that the rates of hypertension is awareness, treatment, and control are relatively low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exploring hypotheses about phonological awareness, memory, and reading achievement.

Reading-related skills were tested in adults with and without reading disabilities (RD) and adults with profound hearing impairment (PHI) who did not differ on average Performance IQ. The RD group and the PHI group both demonstrated levels of phonological awareness lower than the control group's, but only the RD group also exhibited deficits in other skills, including verbal short-term memory, morphological awareness, speeded written naming, and reading comprehension. The average reading level of the PHI group was significantly higher than that of the RD group. Three control group members also demonstrated limited phonological awareness without other deficits in a pilot study, performing similarly to the PHI group. The results support other studies suggesting that processes dependent on memory, not solely phonological awareness, may contribute to determining reading achievement.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Factors associated with awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer in a community: implication for health education programmes in developing countries.

An attempt has been made to study the correlates of knowledge of cervical cancer in a community. The survey undertaken is a part of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study prior to initiation of cytological screening. Total women interviewed by KAP survey were 1411 selected through 2 stage stratified random sampling. Subjects for the present analysis consisted of a group of women who had reported previous gynaecological problems related to cervical cancer. The study brought out that younger women had better awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer and related information. Literacy status for education and exposure to family planning was influential in creating awareness about cervical cancer. Lastly, the earlier episodes of gynaecological problems, and treatment seeking behaviour lead to higher awareness (efforts may be made to innovate ways to reach older and illiterate women at risk of cervical cancer for better awareness in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Broadcasting behavior change: a comparison of the effectiveness of paid and unpaid media to increase folic acid awareness, knowledge, and consumption among Hispanic women of childbearing age.

Awareness about folic acid's effectiveness in reducing the risk of certain birth defects has increased among women in the United States; however, few Hispanic women are consuming enough folic acid daily. A 1998 survey conducted by the Gallup Organization for the National March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation found that English-speaking Hispanic women had lower folic acid awareness (53% vs. 72%) and lower daily consumption (29% vs. 33%) than non-Hispanic White women. In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted baseline surveys with Spanish-speaking Hispanic women in selected U.S. markets to measure folic acid awareness, knowledge, and consumption. A Spanish-language public service announcement (PSA) volunteer campaign and a paid Spanish-language media and community education campaign were conducted in 2000 and 2002, respectively. Comparisons of postcampaign surveys indicate that the paid media campaign was significantly more effective than the PSA campaign in increasing folic acid awareness, knowledge, and consumption among Spanish-speaking Hispanic women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A randomized trial of mail vs. telephone invitation to a community-based cardiovascular health awareness program for older family practice patients [ISRCTN61739603].

BACKGROUND: Family physicians can play an important role in encouraging patients to participate in community-based health promotion initiatives designed to supplement and enhance their in-office care. Our objectives were to determine effective approaches to invite older family practice patients to attend cardiovascular health awareness sessions in community pharmacies, and to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a program incorporating invitation by physicians and feedback to physicians. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized trial with 1 family physician practice and 5 community pharmacies in Dundas, Ontario. Regular patients 65 years or older (n = 235) were randomly allocated to invitation by mail or telephone to attend pharmacy cardiovascular health awareness sessions led by volunteer peer health educators. A health record review captured blood pressure status, monitoring and control. At the sessions, volunteers helped patients to measure blood pressure using in-store machines and a validated portable device (BPM-100), and recorded blood pressure readings and self-reported cardiovascular risk factors. We compared attendance rates in the mail and telephone invitation groups and explored factors potentially associated with attendance. RESULTS: The 119 patients invited by mail and 116 patients contacted by telephone had a mean age of 75.7 (SD, 6.4) years and 46.8% were male. Overall, 58.3% (137/235) of invitees attended a pharmacy cardiovascular health awareness session. Patients invited by telephone were more likely to attend than those invited by mail (72.3% vs. 44.0%, OR 3.3; 95%CI 1.9-5.7; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: While the attendance in response to a telephone invitation was higher, response to a single letter was substantial. Attendance rates indicated considerable interest in community-based cardiovascular health promotion activities. A large-scale trial of a pharmacy cardiovascular health awareness program for older primary care patients is feasible.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Gender awareness among physicians--the effect of specialty and gender. A study of teachers at a Swedish medical school.

BACKGROUND: An important goal for medical education today is professional development including gender equality and awareness of gender issues. Are medical teachers prepared for this task? We investigated gender awareness among physician teachers, expressed as their attitudes towards the role of gender in professional relationships, and how it varied with physician gender and specialty. We discuss how this might be related to the gender climate and sex segregation in different specialties. METHOD: Questionnaires were sent to all 468 specialists in the clinical departments and in family medicine, who were engaged in educating medical students at a Swedish university. They were asked to rate, on visual analogue scales, the importance of physician and patient gender in consultation, of preceptor and student gender in clinical tutoring and of physician gender in other professional encounters. Differences between family physicians, surgical, and non-surgical hospital doctors, and between women and men were estimated by chi-2 tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The response rate was 65 %. There were differences between specialty groups in all investigated areas mainly due to disparities among men. The odds for a male family physician to assess gender important were three times higher, and for a male non-surgical doctor two times higher when compared to a male surgical doctor. Female teachers assessed gender important to a higher degree than men. Among women there were no significant differences between specialty groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was an interaction between physician teachers' gender and specialty as to whether they identified gender as important in professional relationships. Male physicians, especially from the surgical group, assessed gender important to a significantly lower degree than female physicians. Physicians' degree of gender awareness may, as one of many factors, affect working climate and the distribution of women and men in different specialties. Therefore, to improve working climate and reduce segregation we suggest efforts to increase gender awareness among physicians, for example educational programs where continuous reflections about gender attitudes are encouraged.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2002

Self-awareness of migraine: interpreting the labels that headache sufferers apply to their headaches.

Although people with migraine are aware of their headaches they are often not aware that they have migraine. This can lead to inappropriate or ineffective use of treatments, delays in seeking appropriate care, and miscommunication during clinical encounters. This article assesses self-recognition of migraine and identifies terms used by migraine sufferers to describe their migraine headaches. Individuals were selected for telephone interview by random digit dialing in several large United States cities as a part of a clinical trials recruiting initiative. Individuals (n = 30,758) aged 18 to 65 years of age were interviewed about their headaches using a validated computer-assisted telephone interview. Among the 23,564 respondents who reported headache, their headaches were classified as migraine (with or without aura) by the criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). The relationships among the terms subjects used for their headaches and their IHS diagnosis of migraine were assessed. Of the 23,564 respondents, 4,967 individuals called their headache migraine and 3,074 individuals reported headache that met the IHS criteria for migraine. The positive predictive value for self-assessed migraine is 33.1%; the negative predictive value for a self-assessment other than migraine is 92.3%. Therefore, individuals who called their headaches migraine were about three times more likely to meet IHS criteria for migraine. Among the 3,074 individuals meeting IHS criteria for migraine, only 53.4% recognized their headaches as migraine (sensitivity 54%; specificity 83.8%). Among migraineurs, stress headaches (n = 345) and sinus headaches (n = 365) were the most common erroneous labels reported. Age influenced the erroneous terminology. Individuals less than 40 years of age were more likely to misidentify their migraine as stress headaches, whereas individuals 40 years of age and older were more likely to misidentify their migraines as sinus headaches. In a population sample, 54% of individuals with IHS migraine did not know that their headaches are migraine. Those who called their headaches migraine were much more likely to have migraine. Migraine awareness programs that rely solely on the term "migraine" may miss individuals who urgently need to be reached. Therefore, public education should target people with severe or disabling headache and aim to create awareness of the diagnostic possibilities.

Adolescent↗