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PubMedDate not supplied

Automation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Laboratory services lag significantly behind the time demands of the clinician in determining the appropriate antimicrobic drug to treat a bacterial infection. The authors discuss several new automated optical systems that promise to shorten the time lag for results, as well as lead to improved precision and standardization. The advantages of expressing antimicrobic susceptibility results as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) over the three classifications of sensitive, intermediate, or resistant commonly determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method are discussed. Computerization is a central feature of emerging instrumentation for antimicrobic susceptibility testin, and it will be potentially useful in providing interpretive data relating the MIC to specific dose-site combinations. The paper is concluded by short descriptions of nonoptical techniques that investigators have used to measure bacterial growth.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1974

Normal laboratory values for differential white cell counts established by manual and automated cytochemical methods (Hemalog D-TM).

The central 95 percentile estimates of the normal white cell types (as determined by a standard differential count) were calculated from 777 normal individuals. The results were divided into groups by age and sex and expressed both as percentages and as absolute numbers of cells.A similar survey was made using the prototype of a new automated differential counting method (Hemalog-D(TM)). The two sets of laboratory values showed no statistically significant differences regarding age or sex and were strikingly similar in most cell types with the exception of band and juvenile forms of granulocytes. As expected, the normal range using the manual technique was somewhat broader than that found with the automated method. In addition to being the first comparison of machine counts with visual differentials this study provides additional insight into the age distributions of normal cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Final goal and problems in clinical chemistry examination measured by advanced analytical instruments].

In the field of clinical chemistry of Japan, the automation of analytical instruments first appeared in the 1960's with the rapid developments in electronics industry. After a series of improvements and modifications in the past thirty years, these analytical instruments became excellent with multifunctions. From the results of these developments, it is now well recognized that automated analytical instruments are indispensable to manage the modern clinical Laboratory. On the other hand, these automated analytical instruments uncovered the various problems which had been hitherto undetected when the manually-operated instruments were used. For instances, the variation of commercially available standard solutions due to the lack of government control causes the different values obtained in institutions. In addition, there are many problems such as a shortage of medical technologists, a complication to handle the sampling and an increased labor costs. Furthermore, the inadequacies in maintenance activities cause the frequent erroneous reports of laboratory findings in spite of the latest and efficient analytical instruments equipped. Thus, the working process in clinical laboratory must be systematized to create the rapidity and the effectiveness. In the present report, we review the developmental history of automation system for analytical instruments, discuss the problems to create the effective clinical laboratory and explore the ways to deal with these emerging issues for the automation technology in clinical laboratory.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the Coral UTI Screen system for rapid automated screening of significant bacteriuria in a regional centralized laboratory.

An evaluation of the Coral UTI screen system (Coral Biotechnology, San Diego, CA) compared to urinalysis/urine culture was done to assess its performance for rapidly screening a high volume of urine samples for significant bacteriuria in a regional central microbiology laboratory. A total of 1094 urine samples from ambulatory patients were evaluated. 670 (61.2%) urine samples were negative or positive [178 (16.3%)] by both methods. 217 (19.8%) other samples were UTI screen positive but had either no growth or no uropathogens on culture; 9 of these samples were possibly false negative by culture because of the presence of pyuria, indicating the presence of either a urinary tract infection or another inflammatory process. Another 29 (2.7%) samples had false negative screens because the urine culture was positive, but only 5 of these patients were treated with antibiotics after urine specimen collection. Overall, the Coral UTI screen has a sensitivity of 86.0%, a specificity of 75.5% and a positive and negative predictive value of 45.0% and 95.9% respectively. Routine use of the UTI screen would allow same day reporting of 65% of all urine culture results without having to proceed to culture.

Automation↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of the turnaround time of an integrated preanalytical and analytical automated modular system in a medium-sized laboratory.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of an integrated Modular Preanalytics (MPA) and Modular Analytics SWA (MA) system (Roche Diagnostics) during continuous batch processing. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1000 blood specimen tubes was processed and tested in a batch-wise fashion, according to two different specimen input conditions (Study 1 and Study 2). The resulting turnaround time of the system was assessed. RESULTS: Study 1 tubes were centrifuged in the MPA. The preanalytical time rose steadily from 14 to 28 min, and after sample 315, it showed minimal variation. The analytical time remained almost constant. In Study 2, tubes were centrifuged before being processed in the MPA. The preanalytical time increased from 4 to 19 min, and the analytical time increased similarly. The turnaround time in Study 1 was 132 min and in Study 2 was 108 min. CONCLUSION: Centrifugation in the MPA slightly increased the turnaround time. Nevertheless, the labor associated with specimen processing was reduced and the efficiency of the laboratory was improved.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1977

Detection of bacteriuria by automated electrical impedance monitoring in a clinical microbiology laboratory.

An apparatus capable of rapidly detecting changes in electrical impedance was utilized for the continuous monitoring of bacterial growth in routine urine specimens in a clinical laboratory. In a trial study, 200 clinical specimens analyzed by the electrical impedance method resulted in an average detection time of 2.5 h for 41 clinically significant specimens, whereas conventional methods for bacterial isolation required overnight culture. Those specimens positive by the electrical impedance monitoring but negative by conventional bacteriological methods accounted for less than 2% of the total number of positive specimens, whereas electrical impedance-negative but conventional culture-positive specimens accounted for ca. 4%. Electrical impedance apparatus in clinical microbiology laboratories could provide rapid screening of clinical urine specimens as well as accurate detection of bacterial growth.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1965

WHY AUTOMATION?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Automation↗
PubMed1983

Quality control for the clinical laboratory.

Quality control is a management discipline by which laboratories assure the validity of their results for bedside management of patients. The thrust of quality control has been the laboratory's efforts at improving analytic variability associated with the measurement process. Through increasing emphasis on automation and participation in laboratory improvement programs, laboratory imprecision and inaccuracy have decreased over the past 15 years. Recent advances in the practice of quality control include use of new types of quality control materials, changing concepts of what is out of control, and the introduction of microcomputer applications.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1982

Laboratory evaluation of the Boehringer Mannheim "Diagnostic M" automated discrete analyzer.

We evaluated a new multiple-channel chemistry analyzer, the Boehringer Mannheim "Diagnostic M." This instrument can perform 25 tests at the rate of 120 1.3-mL serum samples per hour. The instrument may be run in either a profile mode or single-test mode. In the single-test mode only the necessary reagent is pumped. the instrument is computer controlled. We compared it with the Technicon SMAC, SMA 12/60, and SMA 6/60. It demonstrated excellent precision, linearity, lack of interference, ease of operation, and satisfactory comparison with values obtained by the Technicon methods.

Autoanalysis↗