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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Preoperative imaging of cervical spine hemangioblastomas using three-dimensional fusion digital subtraction angiography. Report of two cases.

Angiography is often performed to identify the vascular supply of hemangioblastomas prior to resection. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) digital subtraction (DS) angiography and three-dimensional (3D) DS angiography provides high-resolution images of the vascular structures associated with these lesions. However, such 3D DS angiography often does not provide reliable anatomical information about nearby osseous structures, or when it does, resolution of vascular anatomy in the immediate vicinity of bone is sacrificed. A novel angiographic reconstruction algorithm was recently developed at The Johns Hopkins University to overcome these inadequacies. By combining two separate sequences of images of bone and blood vessels in a single 3D representation, 3D fusion DS (FDS) angiography provides precise topographic information about vascular lesions in relation to the osseous environment, without a loss of resolution. In this paper, the authors present the cases of two patients with cervical spine hemangioblastomas who underwent preoperative evaluation with FDS angiography and then successful gross-total resection of their tumors. In both cases, FDS angiography provided high-resolution 3D images of the hemangioblastoma anatomy, including each tumor's topographic relationship with adjacent osseous structures and the location and size of feeding arteries and draining veins. These cases provide evidence that FDS angiography represents a useful adjunct to magnetic resonance imaging and 2D DS angiography in the preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of patients with vascular lesions in an osseous environment, such as hemangioblastomas in the spinal cord.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Coronary angiography after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

PURPOSE: To review the status of emergency, urgent, routine, and selective angiography after intravenous thrombolytic therapy. DATA SOURCES: Relevant English-language articles published from January 1985 to July 1990 were identified through MEDLINE. STUDY SELECTION: For emergency angiography, four major randomized studies were reviewed and data from nine studies that incorporated rescue coronary angioplasty were pooled for meta-analysis. For urgent angiography, two controlled trials were reviewed. Comparisons of routine and selective angiography were done using data from two dedicated, large-scale, controlled trials and the ancillary findings of four other studies of reperfusion that incorporated angiography. DATA EXTRACTION: The review emphasizes the findings from multicenter, randomized, controlled trials. DATA SYNTHESIS: Emergency coronary angiography is done primarily in preparation for primary or rescue angioplasty; the value of rescue angioplasty has yet to be assessed in a randomized trial, but technical success and reocclusion improve significantly after therapy with nonspecific plasminogen activators compared with relatively specific agents (success rate, 86% compared with 75%, respectively; P = 0.03; reocclusion rate, 10.9% compared with 26.8%, respectively; P less than 0.001). Urgent coronary angiography has value for treating recurrent ischemia, but patients who develop this complication after thrombolysis are likely to have a suboptimal outcome despite aggressive care. Studies support the use of either selective or routine angiography in uncomplicated patients after thrombolytic therapy; either approach is acceptable, but the former is more practical and may prove to be cost effective. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal follow-up for patients with evolving myocardial infarction who receive thrombolysis may incorporate coronary angiography at various stages. Although our ability to noninvasively detect reperfusion, reocclusion, or viable but ischemic myocardium is limited at present, available data may assist in selecting a catheterization strategy.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1998

3D angiography. Clinical interest. First applications in interventional neuroradiology.

3D angiography is a true technical revolution that allows improvement in the quality and safety of diagnostic and endovascular treatment procedures. 3D angiography images are obtained by reconstruction of a rotational angiography acquisition done on a C-arm (GE Medical Systems) spinning at 40 degrees per second. The carotid or vertebral selective injection of a total of 15 ml of non-ionic contrast media at 3 ml/sec over 5 seconds allows the selection of the "arterial phase". Four hundred sixty 3D angiographic studies were performed from December 1996 to September 1998 on 260 patients and have been analyzed in MIP (Maximum Intensity Projection) and SSD (Shaded Surface Display) views. The exploration of intracranial aneurysms is simplified and only requires, for each vascular axis, a biplane PA and Lateral run followed by a single rotational angiography run. The 3D angiography image is available on the workstation's screen (Advantage Workstation 3.1, GE Medical Systems) in less than 10 minutes after the acquisition of the rotational run. It therefore allows one to analyze, during the intervention, the aneurysm's angioarchitecture, in particular the neck, and select the best therapeutic technique. When endovascular treatment is the best indication, 3D angiography allows one to define the optimal angle of view and accurately select the microcoils dimensions. 3D angiography replaces the multiple oblique views that used to be required to analyze the complex aneurysms and therefore allows a reduction of the total contrast medium quantity, the patient X-ray dose and the length of the intervention time which is a safety factor. Also, in particular for complex cases, it brings additional elements complementing the results of standard 2D DSA and rotational angiograms. In the cervical vascular pathology, 3D angiography allows for a better assessment of the stenosis level and of dissection lesions. Our current research activities focus on the matching without stereotactic frame between 3D X-ray angiography and volumetric MR acquisition, which should allow us to improve the treatment of intracerebral arterio-venous malformations (AVMs).

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1999

MR angiography with three-dimensional time-of-flight and targeted maximum-intensity-projection reconstructions in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms embolized with Guglielmi detachable coils.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intra-arterial contrast angiographies are generally used to confirm treatment results of endovascular neurointerventions such as aneurysm obliteration. We compared MR angiography with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a follow-up technique for the detection of aneurysmal remnant cavities and arterial patency in patients treated for intracranial aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). METHODS: In 20 consecutive patients, follow-up MR angiography and routine intra-arterial cerebral angiography were performed on the same day 1 to 7 months (mean, 4.5 months) after embolization with GDCs. MR angiographic data were postprocessed for subvolume maximum intensity projections centered on the region of the treated aneurysm. Hard copies of both imaging studies were interpreted independently in a blinded fashion to record and compare remnant cavities, location of residual flow, and adjacent arterial narrowing, using DSA as the standard of reference. The interpreters also established an occlusion grade for the treated aneurysms as evidenced on DSA images and evaluated MR angiograms for artifactual effects. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity and positive predictive value of MR angiography in revealing aneurysmal remnant cavities were both 90%. Specificity in ruling out a remnant cavity with MR angiography was 91%. One remnant cavity was missed by MR angiography, and in five patients, false adjacent arterial encroachments were reported. CONCLUSION: MR angiography may be useful in the long-term follow-up of successfully treated small and medium-sized aneurysms after concurrent primary verification of their occlusion with DSA.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Inequalities in access to coronary angiography and revascularisation: the association of deprivation and location of primary care services.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery surgery reduces re-infarction rates and mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease. This study examines inequality in relation to primary care services. AIM: To determine the effect of primary care services on access to coronary angiography and revascularisation. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of all 180 Nottinghamshire practices in the Trent region that were in existence between 1993 and 1997. The numbers of coronary bypass grafts, angioplasties, and angiographies were determined from the regional National Health Service database and linked to a database of general practice characteristics. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the angiography and revascularisation rates and the following practice characteristics: deprivation score, distance from nearest secondary or tertiary referral centre, medical cardiology admission rate for ischaemic heart disease, fundholding status, and partnership size. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between practice characteristics and the waiting times for revascularisation and angiography. RESULTS: Practices with high deprivation scores had significantly lower rates of utilisation of angiography and revascularisation procedures. Their patients also waited longer for angiography. Practices that were 20 km or further from a revascularisation centre had significantly lower angiography and revascularisation rates. On average, their patients had to wait more than twice as long for an angiography compared with patients from nearer practices. Fundholding practices had higher angiography rates but similar revascularisation rates compared with non-fundholding practices. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there may be some under-investigation and/or treatment of patients with ischaemic heart disease from 'deprived' practices and for those from practices far from a secondary or tertiary referral centre.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Intravenous coronary angiography using synchrotron radiation: technical description and preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: Standard coronary angiography requires an arterial access and catheters; intravenous coronary angiography may image coronary arteries noninvasively and without catheters. The aim of this study was the assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of intravenous coronary angiography validated by selective coronary angiography. METHODS: Seventy outpatients (80% males, mean age 62 +/- 8 years) underwent both standard and intravenous coronary angiography after a previous coronary intervention. Intravenous coronary angiography was performed within 6 weeks before or after selective coronary angiography. Two different projections were used to obtain 6-8 sequences per patient. Images were taken after injection of the contrast agent into the brachial vein or into the superior vena cava. During image acquisition, patients were moved through the scanning beam on a special chair. Thereafter, images were evaluated and compared to selective coronary angiograms for the following criteria: no stenosis, subsignificant stenosis (< 70%), significant stenosis (> or = 70%), and occlusion. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-seven target vessels were analyzed. In 50 target vessels one or more stents had been implanted. Seventeen target vessels were not analyzable due to inadequate image quality. The sensitivity of intravenous coronary angiography for the detection of lesions was 80% and the specificity was 95%. The sensitivity for the detection of significant lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery was 84% (specificity 93%), in the left circumflex coronary artery 67% (specificity 90%), in the right coronary artery 85% (specificity 97%), and in bypass grafts 85% (specificity 97%). No complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous coronary angiography is efficacious and safe and allows quantification of lesions of the coronary arteries and of bypass vessels. Further advances in image processing are needed to improve sensitivity especially in the left circumflex coronary artery.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2000

Our own experience with CT angiography in early diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations.

Computed tomography (CT) and intraarterial cerebral angiography are essential methods in early diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations. In recent years however non-invasive or minimally invasive methods like MR angiography and CT angiography (CTA), which could potentially replace angiography, have been developed. The aim of presented study is to demonstrate our own experience in application of CTA in early diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations. The material consists of 86 CTA examinations performed shortly after non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage. Angiographic correlation has been available in 23 patients and surgical one--in 31 cases. CTA studies began with serio-CT to select the optimal time between contrast injection and CT scanning. After that 100-120 ml of non-ionic contrast medium was injected intravenously (5 ml per sec.) and spiral CT acqusition was performed with the delay calculated on the basis of the serio-CT. The obtained images were postprocessed on the workstation using always MIP and in many cases also SSD and VRT reconstructions. Vascular malformations have been diagnosed in 44 of 86 CTA studies including 38 patients with aneurysms (total number 51) and 6 patients with AVMs. In 17 cases the diameter of the aneurysm did not exceed 5 mm. In all surgical cases the CTA diagnosis of the aneurysm has been confirmed. There was however one false-negative case. On the other hand in 7 patients CTA revealed the small aneurysm, despite unclear angiographic appearance. In 2 of 6 patients with CTA suspicion of AVM this diagnosis has been excluded either by angiography or surgery. Comparison of CTA and angiography in 22 aneurysms showed in 17 cases superiority of CTA in evaluation of aneurysmal neck and the relationship between aneurysm and adjacent vessels (especially with VRT and SSD reconstructions). In patients with AVMs however the evaluation of supplying and draining vessels was better with angiography. On the base of our material we can conclude that CTA is very efficient in detecting and evaluating the aneurysms. We believe that CTA can replace angiography if it reveals aneurysm in a site corresponding with location of haemorrhage on CT. In patients with suspicion of AVM value of CTA is doubtful and angiography remains the method of choice.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CT angiography for the evaluation of adult orthotopic liver transplantation arterial complications].

PURPOSE: In this study we compared duplex Doppler sonography, conventional angiography and CT angiography for the evaluation of hepatic arterial complications following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT angiography, with Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) and Volume Rendering reconstructions, was performed in 11 patients with well-grounded suspect of hepatic artery stenosis or thrombosis after routine duplex Doppler examination. Eight patients underwent conventional angiography. RESULTS: CT detected three out of four duplex doppler false positives and confirmed the diagnostic suspect in four cases. In two cases it showed a shift of the blood flow towards the splenic artery with hepatic hypoperfusion. In one case a wrong delay rendered the study unuseful. In seven out of eight patients conventional angiography confirmed CT angiography findings. DISCUSSION. The follow up of OLT arterial complications is now performed with duplex doppler sonography; this technique has a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, but far from 100%. Therefore in some patients the diagnosis of arterial obstruction might be delayed, with the risk of serious complications; in other cases with ultrasonographic false positive findings, useless angiographic examinations are performed. In our experience CT angiography proved to be a precious tool, which might be included in the diagnostic algorithm of arterial complications after OLT. Particularly CT angiography seems to be suitable for the cases of discordance between clinical and duplex doppler findings, to improve the overall diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION: In our experience CT-angiography proved to be accurate and satisfactory as a second step examination after duplex-doppler in the diagnostic algorythm of adult OLT arterial complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Detection of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae with MR imaging and contrast-enhanced MR angiography: sensitivity, specificity, and prediction of vertebral level.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging and contrast-enhanced MR angiography have been used to detect evidence of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (AVF); however, the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques have not been shown. The purpose of this study was to establish the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MR imaging alone compared with MR imaging plus MR angiography in determining whether dural AVF are present and to establish the accuracy of MR angiography in predicting fistula level. METHODS: Twenty patients with surgically proven dural AVF (diagnosed with radiographic digital subtraction angiography) and 11 control patients who had normal digital subtraction angiography findings underwent routine MR imaging plus 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the spine. Images were reviewed in two stages (stage I, MR images only; stage II, MR images plus MR angiograms) by three neuroradiologists who were blinded to the final diagnoses. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the three reviewers in detecting the presence of fistulae ranged from 85% to 90%, from 82% to 100%, and from 87% to 90%, respectively, for stage I, compared with values of 80% to 100%, 82%, and 81% to 94%, respectively, for stage II. For each reviewer, there was no significant difference between the values for stages I and II; however, among the reviewers, one of the more experienced neuroradiologists had significantly greater sensitivity than a less experienced neuroradiologist for stage II. On average, the percentage of true positive results for which the correct fistula level was predicted increased from 15% for stage I to 50% for stage II, and the correct level +/- one level was predicted in 73% for stage II. MR evidence of increased intradural vascularity was significantly greater in patients with dural AVF. CONCLUSION: The addition of MR angiography to standard MR imaging of the spine may improve sensitivity in the detection of spinal dural fistulae. The principal benefit of MR angiography is in the improved localization of the vertebral level of the fistula, which potentially expedites the subsequent digital subtraction angiography study.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Geography and service supply do not explain socioeconomic gradients in angiography use after acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status appears to be an important predictor of coronary angiography use after acute myocardial infarction. One potential explanation for this is that patients with lower socioeconomic status live in neighbourhoods near nonteaching hospitals that have no catheterization capacity, few specialists and lower volumes of patients with acute myocardial infarction. This study was conducted to determine whether the impact of socioeconomic status on angiography use would be lessened by considering variations in the supply of services. METHODS: We examined payment claims for physician services, hospital discharge abstracts and vital status data for 47 036 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to hospitals in Ontario between April 1994 and March 1997. Neighbourhood income of each patient was obtained from Canada's 1996 census. Using multivariate hierarchical logistic regression and adjusting for baseline patient and physician factors, we examined the interaction among hospital and regional characteristics, socioeconomic status and angiography use in the first 90 days after admission to hospital for acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Within each hospital and geographic subgroup, crude rates of angiography rose progressively with increases in neighbourhood income. After adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical and physician characteristics, hospitals with on-site angiography capacity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-2.33), those with university affiliations (adjusted OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.27-2.01) and those closest to tertiary institutions (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.87) were all associated with higher 90-day angiography use after acute myocardial infarction. However, the relative impact of socioeconomic status on 90-day angiography use was similar whether or not hospitals had on-site procedural capacity (interaction term p = 0.68), had university affiliations (interaction term p = 0.99), were near tertiary facilities (interaction term p = 0.67) or were in rural or urban regions (interaction term p = 0.90). INTERPRETATION: Socioeconomic status was as important a predictor of angiography use in hospitals with ready access to cardiac catheterization facilities as it was in those without. The socioeconomic gradient in the use of angiography after acute myocardial infarction cannot be explained by the distribution of specialists or tertiary hospitals.

Cardiac Care Facilities↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical application of phase contrast angiography].

"Phase Contrast Angiography" is a new technique of Magnetic Resonance Angiography as reported by Dumoulin CL et al. Using this technique, we can obtain images of vessels (angiograms) without injection of contrast medium. We present the results of phase contrast angiography on cerebral and spinal vascular disease. We utilized the General Electric SIGNA, 1.5 tesla NMR. One hundred and ninety-one cases of cerebral and spinal vascular diseases were scanned using phase contrast angiography. Included were 90 cases of occlusive vascular disease, 16 cases of moyamoya disease, 39 cases of arteriovenous malformation, and 28 aneurysms. The phase contrast angiography uses flow encoding gradient pulses, which impart a velocity-dependent phase shift to the transverse magnetization of moving spins. The resulting image contains only information from the moving spins; while information from stationary tissue remains suppressed. In cases using 3-D angiogram, we made 32 images 6 degrees apart in their projection direction and displayed them on a video terminal. We were able to visualize occlusions of vessels, aneurysms, bypassed vessels, and abnormal vessels of arteriovenous malformations. Retrospective evaluation comparing phase contrast angiography with conventional angiography of the stenotic findings on the horizontal portion of middle cerebral arteries (64 vessels of 32 patients), resulted in a false positive ratio of 39.1%. We obtained clinically valuable results regarding the hydrodynamics of patients using "phase contrast angiography" non-invasively. These results reveal not only "anatomical" images of vessels, but also "functional" images, which are sensitive to the pattern of the blood flow. This study would strongly suggest that phase contrast angiography presents a valuable tool for the clinical diagnosis of cerebral and spinal vascular diseases.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed2004

Influence of practices' ethnicity and deprivation on access to angiography: an ecological study.

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease is more common among some ethnic minority groups (particularly people from the Indian sub-continent living in Europe and North America) and in socially deprived populations. Hospital studies in the United Kingdom (UK) suggest that these groups have less access to treatment for coronary heart disease. Studies from primary care have found reduced access to angiography for lower social class groups, but there are no studies on the ethnicity of primary care populations in relation to angiography. AIMS: To determine the influence of ethnicity and social deprivation in primary care on access to coronary angiography. DESIGN OF STUDY: Ecological study measuring general practices' ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and nitrate prescribing rates with angiography rates. SETTING: General practices (n = 143) in East London, UK. METHOD: Ecological study measuring the proportion of general practice populations with South Asian ethnicity and high social deprivation score (Carstairs). Nitrate prescriptions and admissions for myocardial infarction per 1000 population per year were used as measures of need. Distance from the tertiary centre was used as a measure of supply. The outcome measure was coronary angiography procedures data (n = 869) collected in the context of the appropriateness of coronary revascularisation study. RESULTS: Practices with a higher proportion of South Asian patients had higher rates of angiography after adjustment for age, distance, deprivation, nitrate prescribing and myocardial infarction admissions (regression coefficient B = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01 to 0.03, P<0.001). There was no association between deprivation and angiography (regression coefficient B = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.13 to 0.05, P = 0.393). CONCLUSION: General practices with a higher proportion of South Asian patients had higher rates of angiography, challenging the widely held belief that access may be inequitable. Deprivation shows no relationship with angiography in this study.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed2005

Does pelvic hematoma on admission computed tomography predict active bleeding at angiography for pelvic fracture?

Pelvic angiography plays an increasing role in the management of pelvic fractures (PFs). Little has been written regarding the size of pelvic hematoma on admission computed tomography (CT) and how it relates to angiography results after PF. This is a retrospective review of trauma patients with PF who underwent an admission abdominal/pelvic CT scan and pelvic angiography from 2001 to 2003. CT pelvic hematoma was measured and classified as minimal or significant based on hematoma dimensions. Presence of a contrast blush on CT scan was also documented. Thirty-seven patients underwent an admission CT scan and went on to pelvic angiography. Of the 22 patients with significant pelvic hematoma, 73 per cent (n = 16) had bleeding at angiography. Fifteen patients had minimal pelvic hematoma, with 67 per cent (n = 10) showing active bleeding at angiography. In addition, five of six patients (83%) with no pelvic hematoma had active bleeding at angiography. Six patients had a blush on CT scan, with five of these (83%) having a positive angiogram. But, 22 of 31 (71%) patients with no blush on CT scan had bleeding at angiography. The absence of a pelvic hematoma or contrast blush should not alter indications for pelvic angiography, as they do not reliably exclude active pelvic bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Intraoperative angiography in treatment of neurovascular disorders].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of intraoperative angiography in treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS: Between July 2003 and July 2005, 38 consecutive patients of cerebrovascular disorders, 21 males and 17 females, aged 33.7, 27 with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with a nidus 2 - 8 cm in diameter among which 7 had a diameter >or= 6 cm, and 11 cases with aneurysms among which 3 cases being with an aneurysm >or= 2.5 cm in diameter, and 4 being at the Hunt-Hess grade 1, 4 at the grade 2, and 3 at the grade 3 preoperatively, underwent cerebrovascular surgery assisted with intraoperative angiography. After intubation was achieved and general anesthesia was administrated, a catheter was inserted into the right femoral artery to the intracranial artery related to the surgery. When the lesion was managed, such as the AVMs were resected or the aneurysm was clipped, intraoperative angiography was performed so as to monitor the surgical process. RESULTS: Nine of the 38 patients underwent emergency operation because of acute intracranial hemorrhage without preoperative angiography and intraoperative angiography conformed the diagnosis of AVM in 7 of them and the diagnosis of aneurysms in the other 2 patients. Intraoperative angiography showed that satisfying management was achieved in 36 of the 38 patients (94.7%), and residue of ophthalmic artery aneurysm was seen in 1 patient which underwent clip adjustment later. Only 1 patient with posterior fossa AVM had residual AVM that was resected later. There was no operation mortality, no unexpected major artery occlusion, and no complication attributable to angiography. Intraoperative angiography lasted 53.4 minutes (20 - 125 minutes). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative angiography is able to detect unexpected residual aneurysm, AVM nidus, and major artery occlusion, helps modify the technical faults, thus preventing re-operation, and decreases the complication rate in cerebrovascular surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical characteristics of contrast medium extravasation from intracranial aneurysms during cerebral angiography: studies on personal experience and review of the literature].

Angiography is essential to diagnosis and treatment for the patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm in early stage, but on the other hand angiography always involves a risk that extravasation (EV) occurs from the aneurysm during angiography. Once EV occurs, the patient's outcome is poor and, in general, the patient tends to be regard as hopeless of recovery. Over the past 5 years, in 154 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm angiography was performed, and in 7 of them EV occurred. We performed neck clipping for ruptured aneurysm in 3 of 7 patients and were able to save the life of 2 patients. We investigated factors to cause EV and to decide outcome in 7 cases and 75 cases of literature, totally 82 cases. Following results were obtained. Occurrence of EV seems to be related to the causal factors of the time interval (within 6 hours) from SAH to angiography and the severity of disturbance of consciousness prior to angiography. It is considered that the patient's outcome is related to age, pre-angiographic severity of disturbance of consciousness, and also time interval from SAH to angiography, but the extent of EV and the number of past history of SAH are not important as the factors related to the outcome. Consequently, the utmost care must be taken for cerebral angiography particularly in patients within 6 hours after the onset of SAH, and in patients with severe disturbance of consciousness. Even if EV should occur, there is a fair chance for life-saving by an emergency surgery in cases with mild disturbance of cerebral function before angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Digital subtraction angiography in ischemic cerebrovascular accidents].

Recent advances in computer and radiological technology have permitted reassessment of intravenous angiography in the evaluation of cerebrovascular disorders. Although digital subtraction angiography is a relatively new technique, it has rapidly gained a widespread acceptance. It has extended the use of angiography to outpatients and to people in whom conventional angiography is contraindicated. This reliable, safe, and relatively noninvasive technique offers the user two benefits: real-time subtraction and enhanced image quality. The system allows angiographic evaluation of the extracranial and intracranial vessels by means of intravenous injection of contrast material. Extracranial studies clearly demonstrate stenoses and occlusions of the major cervicocephalic arteries. Intracranial studies usually detect major cerebrovascular occlusions and provide insight into the collateral flow patterns. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography permits accurate assessment of cervicocephalic vessels after surgical repair. Although intravenous digital subtraction angiography obviates the need for conventional angiography in many cases, movements from the patients, or superimposition of vascular structures can substantially degrade the quality of the images. Digital subtraction angiography with intra-arterial injection of contrast medium will be contemplated in patients with poor intravenous digital subtraction angiography studies prior to surgery.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1984

[Digital subtraction angiography of the cerebral vessels by intraarterial injection].

Three hundred and fifty-seven digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed in 184 neurosurgical patients by intraarterial injection. Examinations consisted of 192 carotid angiography, 110 vertebral angiography, 23 aortography, 11 spinal angiography and 21 other angiography. In all examinations, visualization of the vessels was excellent and the complications were never experienced. High contrast sensitivity of DSA resulted in better visualization of tumor stains, phlebogram, and arteries in cerebral arteriovenous malformations with large shunt blood flow than conventional angiography. Selective catheterization into each cerebral arteries was not necessarily demanded for good opacification of the vessels because of high sensitivity. High contrast sensitivity also permitted low concentration of contrast material, small dose of contrast material, and slow injection rate. Low concentration of contrast material reduced pain and heat during injection especially in the external carotid and vertebral angiography. Using slow injection, recoiling of catheter into the aorta was reduced, so that injection from the innominate and subclavian arteries for visualization of origin of the cerebral arteries were always successful. Full study of cerebral arteries by Seldinger's method, if necessary, was easily achieved using DSA even in patient with high age or with severe atherosclerosis. Bolus injection of small dose of contrast material as well as serial imaging was helpful in evaluating hemodynamics in the lesion. Real time display of DSA reduced the time required for angiography and was very convenient for artificial embolization. Besides these advantages, DSA became comparable to conventional angiography in special resolution by use of intraarterial injection and could be a preoperative genuine examination as well as a screening method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of the appropriateness of coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass graft surgery between Canada and New York State.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the appropriateness of coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) use between the United States and Canada. DESIGN: Retrospective randomized medical record review. SETTING: All hospitals performing coronary angiography and/or CABG surgery in two Canadian provinces (Ontario and British Columbia); in New York State, 15 randomly selected hospitals that provide coronary angiography and 15 randomly selected hospitals that provide CABG surgery. PATIENTS: All patients were randomly selected. For coronary angiography, 533 patients in Canada and 1333 patients in New York were selected; for CABG, 556 patients in Canada and 1336 patients in New York were selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of patients in each country who had coronary angiography or CABG for necessary, appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate indications as rated by criteria developed separately in each country and the complications of those procedures. RESULTS: For coronary angiography, 9% of Canadian cases and 10% of New York cases were rated inappropriate using Canadian criteria compared with 5% and 4%, respectively, using US criteria. For CABG, 4% of Canadian cases and 6% of New York cases were rated inappropriate by Canadian criteria compared with 3% and 2%, respectively, using US criteria. A lower proportion of procedures were performed on persons aged 75 years or older in Canada than in New York for both coronary angiography (5% vs 11%; P < .001) and CABG (6% vs 14%; P < .001). Women were also represented in lower proportions among angiography cases in Canada than in New York (28% vs 35%; P = .023). Canadian patients with left main coronary disease waited significantly longer between angiography and CABG than did New York patients (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of inappropriate use of cardiac procedures were low in Canada and New York, which suggests that the regionalization of cardiac procedures that characterizes both health care systems contributes to better clinical decision making. Differences in the use of cardiac procedures among the elderly in the two countries merits further comparative examination.

Aged↗