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PubMed1992

Occlusal adjustment therapy for craniomandibular disorders: a clinical assessment by a double-blind method.

Fifty-one patients with craniomandibular disorders were divided in two groups. One group underwent mock occlusal adjustment, the other was treated with adjustments to remove significant slides and non-working side interferences. Both groups received identical counseling. The results show that there was no significant difference in the improvements on the signs and symptoms obtained by real or mock adjustments after the first treatment session.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Classification and diagnosis of depression.

There is no general consensus how to classify and diagnose depressive disorders. The main reason is disagreement regarding etiology. This is reflected in the several theoretical models of depression which has been proposed. On the other hand, a reliable way of characterizing groups of patients that can be used by both clinicians and researchers, is necessary both for communication and progress of research. Facing this situation, the inclusion of etiological theories in classification of depression obviously would be an obstacle to the use of such a classification system by clinicians of various theoretical orientation at current. Thus, a classification system which describes the clinical features of the mental disorders comprehensively and at the lowest order of inference necessary to identify the disorder in a reliable way is needed. The third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-III) represents such a classification system. By providing operational diagnostic criteria for each diagnosis, DSM-III represents a major achievement of classification in clinical psychiatry and research. This paper will present the classification of depression and the problem of differential diagnosis as outlined in DSM-III. Further, the validity of the DSM-III classification of depression will be discussed with reference to some recent research findings on biopsychosocial and treatment aspects of depressive disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1987

Toward an operationalization of reactive paranoid psychoses (reactive delusional disorder).

Reactive psychoses are relatively often diagnosed in Norway, although they are not operationalized in any classificatory system and the reliability may be questioned. The aim of this study was to define a group of reactive paranoid psychoses and compare its long-term outcome to the group of nonreactive paranoid psychoses and to paranoid schizophrenia. Approximately 200 out of 301 delusional subjects earlier studied by Retterstöl have recently been interviewed semistructurally, making a total follow-up period of 22-38 years. Diagnoses at discharge have been assessed retrospectively before the present interview, with a polydiagnostic approach. Based upon Kendler's criteria of delusional disorder and influenced by Jaspers, the concept of reactive delusional disorder has been operationalized. Results from the first 125 interviews show 31 cases of Kendler's delusional disorder, of which 16 are diagnosed as reactive delusional disorder. Outcome in this group is most favorable, and especially good outcome is found in acute reactive delusional disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1989

Depression in physical illnesses.

Depression is a common diagnosis on the nonpsychiatric wards of a general hospital. Many medical diseases, such as endocrine disorders, neurological conditions and cancer can either present with depression, or depression may be a complication of the disease. The 'vegetative' signs of depression are unreliable diagnostic criteria in these cases; therefore, one needs to rely on the 'psychological' criteria to make the diagnosis. Treatment of depression secondary to physical illness follows similar clinical and pharmacological principles as treatment of primary depressive disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1993

Kinesiographic and electromyographic assessment of the effects of occlusal adjustment therapy on craniomandibular disorders by a double-blind method.

Fifty-one patients with craniomandibular disorders were divided into two groups. One group underwent mock occlusal adjustment, the other was treated with adjustments to remove significant slides and nonworking-side interferences. Both groups received identical counseling. Kinesiographic and electromyographic assessment showed no significant difference between the two groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Health and psychosocial effects of miscarriage].

The importance of psychosocial consequences of spontaneous abortion is increasingly pointed out. Different studies showed grief responses in about 50-80% of the women and consequences on occupation, martial relation and family life. The most observed long-term consequences are chronical depressive disorders. Unresolved grief in connection with pregnancy loss is to be considered an important risk factor. Immunological studies demonstrated a reduction of T-lymphocyte function in grief and depression as a probable cause of a higher disease risk. Further study is required for more precise definitions of long-term effects. Moreover psychosocial help and counseling for the couples after the pregnancy loss could help to prevent serious chronical disorders.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1998

Effects of pediatric chronic physical disorders on child and family adjustment.

Research conducted primarily over the past 5-8 years on the psychosocial effects of pediatric chronic physical disorders on children and their families is reviewed. A large body of studies show that both children and their mothers, as groups, are at increased risk for psychosocial adjustment problems compared to peers, but that there is considerable individual variation in outcome. Since the last review on this topic (Eiser, 1990a), many studies have been conducted to identify risk and resistance factors associated with differences in adjustment among these children and their mothers. Improvements are noted in the theoretical basis for this work, programmatic nature of some of the research, and efforts at producing clinically relevant information. Evaluations of interventions, however, are lagging. Critical issues and future directions regarding developmental approaches, theory, method, measurement, and intervention are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Long-term survival in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders with a dose-adjusted ACVBP regimen.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are severe complications after solid organ transplantation with no consensus on best treatment practice. Chemotherapy is a therapeutic option with a high response and a significant relapse rate leading to a low long-term tolerance rate. Currently, most centres use anthracycline-based drug combinations, such as CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). We assessed the efficacy and safety of a dose-adjusted ACVBP (doxorubicin reduced to 50 mg/m(2), cyclophosphamide adjusted to renal function, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisone) regimen in patients failing to respond to a reduction in immunosuppressive therapy. Favourable responses were observed in 24 (73%) of the 33 treated patients. Fourteen (42%) patients died, mostly from PTLD progression. Actuarial survival was 60% at 5 years and 55% at 10 years. Survival prognostic factors were: number of involved sites (P = 0.007), clinical stage III/IV (P = 0.004), bulky tumour (P < 0.0001), B symptoms (P = 0.03), decreased serum albumin (P = 0.03) and poor performance status (P = 0.06). Both the international and the PTLD prognostic index were predictive for survival (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Overall 128 cycles were given. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was recorded after 26 (20%) chemotherapy cycles in 19 (58%) patients. Forty-one (32%) infections were recorded in 26 (79%) patients. This study demonstrated that an individual dose-adjustment of ACVBP regimen was manageable in PTLD patients and favourably impacted on long-term survival.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1972