Dentists, awake.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
American Dental Association↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
A need for all views within the dental profession.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
American Dental Association↗
Editorial. Medicredit excludes dentistry.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
American Dental Association↗
Differential organization of health professions: a comparative analysis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
American Dental Association↗
Applications of metal alloys in dentistry--a review.
It is very difficult to obtain a general impression of the metal alloys used in dentistry because of the large number currently on the market. Several hundred dental alloys are available in the United States and have been registered by the American Dental Association. The situation in the Federal Republic is similar, with 10 firms offering some 200 alloys. If two or three principal constituents of the alloys are known, it is possible to classify them into 4 groups: high-gold alloys, gold-reduced alloys, palladium-silver alloys and base metal alloys. By registration, standardization and specification, the manufacturers now provide information of a biomechanical nature which allows conclusions to be drawn by comparison without testing. However, biological, i.e. clinical and toxicological, tests are urgently required to provide advance indications of the biochemical behaviour of dental alloys in the oral cavity. Much detailed work still remains to be done to lay a sounder foundation for the dental use of metal alloys.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Dental students' input into the accreditation process.
With the recent adoption of a student section in the Procedures for Evaluation Requirements and Guidelines for Dental Education Programs, the American Dental Association's Commission on Dental Accreditation sought to increase the role of students in the accreditation process. Dental students at Fairleigh Dickinson University School of Dentistry conducted an independent self-study, paralleling that of the school's Accreditation Steering Committee. This self-study enabled students to work with faculty and administrators in implementing improvements in the educational system and to focus attention on student needs and concerns. Six topics (educational costs, dental school student government, relationships with state and national organizations, curriculum, operations, and the Office of Student Affairs) formed the basis of the student self-study.
Accreditation↗
Long term results with intraosseous implants: a questionnaire-based assessment.
The results of an FDI questionnaire-based survey involving dentists from five countries reporting on 507 implants were compared with those of similar surveys on implantations conducted by the American Dental Association in 1977 and subsequent years. There were questions on retention time, materials used and types of implants; of the 1024 recorded implants, the loss rate was calculated at 16.5 per cent. This rate was compared with those found in objective follow-up investigations reported in the literature (total 695 implants) and a realistic loss rate of approximately 16 per cent, was confirmed.
Data Collection↗
Local anesthetics in dental practice.
Local anesthetics are the most widely used drugs in dentistry today. Knowledge of the pharmacology and toxicology of these agents will result in their intelligent and judicious use. The choice of local anesthetic should be individualized for each patient. The duration of the dental procedure should be weighed against the duration of action of the local anesthetic; a decision should be made as to whether a vasoconstrictor is needed to prolong its action. However, if the duration of numbness is too long, the possibility of self-mutilation must be considered in certain patients (for example, children and the mentally retarded). In other patients with whom postoperative pain is expected, it may be beneficial to administer a long-acting local anesthetic such as bupivacaine for control of postoperative pain. The total dose of local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor must be determined for each patient based upon body weight; the maximal dosages for each agent should be known. Small children or frail individuals will require below average dosages. The use of a vasoconstrictor may constitute the limiting factor to the total number of local anesthetic cartridges that can be administered safely over a given period of time. Certain medical problems, such as cardiovascular system impairments or hyperthyroidism, may influence the choice of anesthetic and the quantity of vasoconstrictor. An understanding of the physicochemical properties of local anesthetics is also important to a rational process of selection. There are several causes for failure to achieve profound regional anesthesia. These include inflammation and/or infection, anatomic variation, intravascular injection, accessory innervation, and deflection of the needle. Inflammation and infection reduce the efficacy of a local anesthetic by reducing its bioavailability. Local anesthetics with low pKa values (for instance, mepivacaine) are the most effective in this clinical situation. Other causes of inadequate regional anesthesia are primarily related to technique of administration and can be circumvented by the use of the periodontal ligament injection. A comprehensive review of this technique and its application has been presented by the Council on Dental Materials and Equipment of the American Dental Association. Occasionally, a clinician may be unsuccessful at achieving regional anesthesia despite these additional measures. Highly anxious dental patients or patients with a genuine tolerance to local anesthetics normally pose the most problems. Transitional block or threshold block phenomena should also be suspected in these situations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Anesthesia, Dental↗
Future of dental education: strategic issues.
Dental education institutions, as components of university systems, must develop short-, mid-, and long-range plans for program development, resource allocation, evaluation, and continued financial support. This ongoing process must be accomplished in a very competitive academic arena where program excellence and program relevance are key issues in the game of survival. This presentation has focused on the major issues raised by the Strategic Plan of the American Dental Association, which must be considered by education institutions as they develop their plans. The Strategic Plan outlines some of the most crucial issues in dental education, and careful study of its content should be an obligatory step in any dental school planning process.
Costs and Cost Analysis↗
Pit and fissure sealants.
Through participation in rational, comprehensive preventive programs, completely caries-free dentitions are now a possibility for many adults (Horowitz, 1980). Because of the uniqueness of pit and fissure caries sealants need to be considered for children as one necessary component in such total preventive programs. If the goal of a population free of caries is to be achieved, effective oral hygiene measures, including the use of therapeutic dentifrices, systemic or topically applied fluorides and dietary supervision are other components that should be considered in such a program (Ripa, 1978). Safety and effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants have been clearly established. Cost-effectiveness, however, whether in a private practice or public health setting is a factor of legitimate concern. From the 'Conference on Pit and Fissure Sealants: Why Their Limited Usage?' conducted by the Council on Dental Materials, Instruments and Equipment of the American Dental Association in May 1981, a number of recommendations resulted. Their implementation will help overcome scepticism regarding sealant use. Included in the recommendations are (a) a greater emphasis upon the use of sealants in dental education curricula, (b) development of specific guidelines for sealant use and maintenance, (c) continued long term studies under different program formats and (d) dissemination by the profession, as it did with fluorides, of valid information regarding sealant use (Brown, 1981). Regarding pit and fissure sealants, the apparent consensus from scientific data and clinical practice would suggest that we should be using these materials for our child patients knowledgeably, selectively and with precise application methods.
Adult↗
JCAH admits dentists, still denies membership to ANA.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Accreditation↗
An objective evaluation of clinical signs used to assess sedation with intravenous diazepam.
In the majority of dental schools there are insufficient numbers of clinical patients for all students to receive optimal experience in intravenous sedation. This investigation was carried out to assess whether the signs and symptoms for intravenous sedation taught to the undergraduates were sufficiently objective to ensure that this clinical deficiency was not detrimental to competency of the graduating student. The signs of ptosis, altered speech and blurred vision were used by both experienced dentists and novice students to assess the level of intravenous sedation. Blurred vision was found to be unreliable while altered speech was more accurate than ptosis. The more experienced the operator the earlier the signs were observed.The "Guidelines for the Teaching of Pain and Anxiety Control in Dentistry" were initially formulated by the American Dental Association in 1971 and revised in 1978(1) while similar guidelines were accepted by the House of Delegates of the Association of the Canadian Faculties of Dentistry in 1975(2) Both of these documents outlined the course of instructions necessary for the teaching of all modalities of pain and apprehension control at the undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education level. Implementation of these guidelines at the undergraduate level has proven to be particularly difficult in the area of intravenous sedation because of the lack of suitable patients. This has resulted in many students graduating, having had little practical experience in sedating a patient with an intravenous drug. It is the hope of educators in this field that lectures, seminars, and demonstrations given to dental students are sufficient to overcome this deficiency.Since the most critical clinical aspect of intravenous sedation is titrating the amount of drug required without overdosing or underdosing the patient, it was decided to investigate this ability in students with no clinical experience with intravenous diazepam. Although many drugs and techniques are advocated(3,4,5) it was decided to limit the study to intravenous diazepam as it may be used alone and has a high therapeutic index.With the introduction of diazepam to clinical practice the symptomatology of the drug was established and described by clinicians.(6,7) Objective methods of measuring recovery from diazepam have been described by several authors(8,9,10) but the signs and symptoms used to assess the initial level of sedation have been subjective. This can be attributed to the fact that sedation is an ill-defined clinical effect and can, therefore, only be calibrated by individual arbitary signs. The most frequently used signs for intravenous diazepam sedation are ptosis, also referred to as "the Verrill sign,"(11) altered speech and blurred vision.(7) This investigation was designed to test the reliability of these signs and to examine the variability of observations between clinicians and students.
Adult↗
Dental technology program administrators' attitudes toward credentialing health manpower.
The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes of administrators of dental technology programs toward health manpower credentialing. A survey instrument was developed by allied health professionals knowledgeable in the credentialing process. The instrument contained 32 items that were categorized into three subscales and sought information about academic program accreditation, certification, and the licensure of dental technicians. The survey was sent to the directors of the 57 dental technology programs accredited by the American Dental Association, Usable returns totaled 49, or 86 percent. The data indicated that dental technology program administrators support the concept and practice of health manpower credentialing. The data also indicated that these administrators felt that academic program accreditation was of value in meeting demands for quality assurance in dental technology, and that certification of technicians, while beneficial, had been of little value in terms of rewards (recognition and economic gains) for the credential holder. In addition, licensure of dental technicians was found to be desirable.
Accreditation↗
Radiology instruction and use of ionizing radiation in U.S. dental schools.
In fall 1980, the Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association conducted a comprehensive survey of radiology instruction and the use of ionizing radiation in dental education. All 60 dental schools in the United States responded to the survey. Data were collected on course objectives, course content, clock hours of instruction, radiology content in other clinical courses, the number, educational background, and years of teaching experience of radiology faculty, clinical requirements in radiology and the measures used to assess student competency, and the use of radiographs in providing patient care. Attention was directed to practices used in monitoring radiation protection and hygiene. These data provide a frame of reference for evaluating the status of radiology instruction at the respective schools. More important, they provide faculty with a baseline for determining what changes, if any, are needed in the current radiology curriculum.
Clinical Competence↗
New selenium-containing silver amalgam.
An investigation was made to determine the effects of the addition of selenium to the silver-tin amalgam alloy. The addition of 0.2 wt% to 0.6 wt% selenium in the alloy completely eliminated the cytotoxicity, evaluated by the 51Cr release assay and morphology, of the silver amalgam on the L cells and JTC-12 cells. The physical properties of the amalgam containing 0.2 wt% selenium in the alloy were tested according to the American Dental Association Specification No. 1 for Alloy for Dental Amalgam and were found to meet the requirements.
Cell Survival↗
The necessity for trained advanced dental professionals.
The differentiation of the workforce in dentistry is discussed in terms of its history, the development of the specialties, and advanced education. The differentiations in the general practitioner workforce, through general practice residencies and the proposed advanced educational programs in general dentistry, are discussed. The possibility of further differentiation in the workforce by drastic changes in Section 18 of the Principles of Ethics of the American Dental Association (ADA) is analyzed and evaluated. The differentiations in the dental auxiliary workforce are noted and some conclusions and recommendations in all of these areas are presented.
Dental Auxiliaries↗
A study of the surface hardness and dimensional stability of several intermaxillary registration materials.
This study compared the surface hardness, the effect of time on surface hardness, and the dimensional stability of various intermaxillary relationship registration materials. The Shore hardness values of one zinc oxide-eugenol material, one polyether, and seven poly(vinyl siloxane) materials were obtained at 30 minutes and 24 hours after the start of mixing. The dimensional stability of one polyether and seven poly(vinyl siloxane) materials was measured using a standard mold as described in American Dental Association (ADA) Specification No. 19. All materials exhibited relatively high surface hardness despite some statistical differences among them. Four materials possessed higher surface hardness at 24 hours than at 30 minutes. Although the polyether showed significantly lower dimensional stability than the other materials, all materials satisfied the minimum requirement for Type I elastomeric impression material.
Analysis of Variance↗
Caries diagnosis and risk assessment. A review of preventive strategies and management.
The scientific basis for caries risk assessment, prevention and treatment on an individual patient basis requires further development, specification and continuing validation. Still, current technologies and techniques, taken together, can provide enhanced capabilities over those that have been employed traditionally. Undoubtedly, the clinical tools for carrying out these responsibilities will be refined and expanded in the future in response to the changing clinical profile of caries in the population. For example, bacteriologic testing methods have become easier and more reliable, and will become more widely used. Other effective methods to detect the early, pre-cavitation stage of caries also should become more available in the future. Practitioners will be continually challenged and responsible for evaluating the effectiveness and value of emerging technologies in their practices and in light of their patients' needs. But how can this be accomplished best? Effectiveness claims will be made for new drugs and devices that come onto the market. There are several sources of information to assist the practitioner in making such decisions. The American Dental Association acceptance programs (voluntary) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration compliance programs (law) provide standards and guidance as to product safety and effectiveness. Without such determinations, the practitioner must judge independently product claims and clinical studies. Marketing materials by themselves (advertisements, videos, pamphlets) may not be sufficient evidence of effectiveness particularly when scientific references supporting claims either are not provided or are inadequate. Peer-reviewed scientific literature in publications of the major scientific and professional associations can be viewed as generally reliable. Changing the way dental caries is managed in clinical practice will require integrating new scientific information and technology into workable clinical procedures. Dental education and third-party reimbursement issues must be addressed also but are beyond the scope of this document. Given that disease patterns are always changing in the population, dentists need to modify practice decisions using risk assessment. Ultimately, the goal for dentistry is that adult patients also will enjoy the same low level of caries experience that many children enjoy today.
Adolescent↗