Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ALOPECIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Treatment of female androgenetic alopecia with cimetidine.

Ten white women with moderate to severe androgenetic alopecia were treated with cimetidine 300 mg by mouth five times a day. Duration of therapy ranged from 1.5-9 months, with a median of 5 months. Seven patients (70%) showed good to excellent regrowth of hair. No major side effects were noted. The patients were followed up for 5 months. Cimetidine presumably has the ability to block androgen action. Cimetidine is not a first-line drug for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and should be used only in selected cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Expression of T6 antigen on keratinocytes in alopecia areata.

The expression of T6 antigen within hair follicles in alopecia areata was studied using the APAAP technique (alkaline phosphatase monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase method). Scalp biopsies were taken from 15 subjects with alopecia areata, nine in an active stage and 6 in a stationary stage of the disease. Six-micrometer-thick frozen sections were stained with OKT6 antiserum. OKT6 are monoclonal antibodies raised against human thymocytes; they cross-react with epidermal Langerhans cells and are a highly specific marker. Nine of the specimens displayed T6 staining on keratinocytes in the bulb matrix, and all nine were from the subjects presenting the active stage of disease. The specimens from the other six biopsies, from subjects in a stationary stage, did not show T6 staining of bulbar keratinocytes. Moreover, in four of the active-stage cases we found T6 staining also on epidermal keratinocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Alopecia areata: immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of infiltrate and identification of adhesion molecule receptors.

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is a noncicatricial alopecia with still unknown pathogenesis, but increasing evidence suggests that an immunologic process might be responsible for the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with AA were studied with ten of them in the progressive phase of the disease and nine in the stabilized phase. Biopsies of both affected and unaffected skin were taken. For immunohistochemistry, monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10a, CD36, and HLA-DR antigens, were used, as well as antibodies directed against adhesion molecules ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and LFA-1. For electron microscopy (EM), specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde-sodium cacodylate buffer, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, and stained with uranyl acetate. For statistical analysis, sections from involved and uninvolved skin of each patient for each antibody, the sign test, Fisher's F-test, and the Tukey-Kramer test were used. RESULTS: There was a rich infiltrate of CD4+ cells and CD1a+ cells, particularly in the perivascular zone of both unaffected and affected skin (here in the perivascular and in the peribulbar zone) in the progressive phase of AA. In the stabilized phase the infiltrate was scant, both in unaffected and affected skin and limited to the peribulbar area. Receptors of adhesion molecules (ICAM-2, ELAM-1, LFA-1) were strongly expressed, mainly at the microvascular level in both unaffected and affected skin in the progressive phase, but were only weakly or not at all expressed in the stabilized phase, again in unaffected and affected skin. Ultrastructural data confirmed the immunohistochemical findings and showed close contacts between infiltrating lymphocytes and Langerhans'-lineage cells mainly in the progressive phase. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that: 1) an immunologic process, apparently carried out by CD4+ lymphocytes and by dendritic CD1a+ and CD36+ cells, may play a key role at least in the early phase of the disease involving primarily microvessels and later on the bulbar area; 2) the expression of adhesion molecule receptors is involved at the beginning of the disease by mediating the adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells and subsequent trafficking into the dermis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

HLA and alopecia areata in Jerusalem.

A study of 46 patients with Alopecia areata in Jerusalem showed a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-B18 (23.9%) as compared to the control population (7.4%) with a relative risk of 3.9%. This association of HLA-B18 with AA was independent of the origin of patients, sex, age of onset and type of alopecia areata.

Alopecia Areata↗
PubMed1997

Influence of feeding hay on the alopecia of breeding guinea pigs.

Animals with partial alopecia were seen frequently in a breeding colony of guinea pigs. No pathologic aetiology could be determined. An influence of nutrition on the density of the hair coat was considered. Breeding groups were fed one of the commercial guinea pig diets of differing composition, with or without the addition of hay. Observation occurred over a period of months and the quality of the hair coat was evaluated periodically using a semi-quantitative scoring system. More extensive and more frequent fur defects were found is guinea pigs receiving a breeding diet with a high content of crude protein (23%) and a low level of crude fibre (12%), offered hay only restrictively compared with animals receiving a diet with a lower content of crude protein (15.5%) and a higher level of crude fibre (19.5%), offered the same amount of hay. The amount of hay offered is of paramount importance. Animals fed only the diet with the higher level of crude fibre (19.5%), according to the manufacturer's instructions as a complete food, without the addition of hay, showed a less dense hair coat within 4 weeks. In our colony a group of five breeding animals and their young required 200 g of hay daily in order to improve their hair coat quality to normal. Conversely, animals receiving less hay had progressively deteriorating hair coat density. Not only the amount of hay offered, but also the accessibility for all animals plays a role in preventing alopecia in guinea pigs. In larger cages (twice the usual ground surface area) fur defects were seen when the same amount of hay (200 g) was offered in only one central area, rather than spread out evenly throughout the cage. Hair loss was observed to be the result of trichophagia between adult animals kept in the same cage. The need for crude fibre of breeding animals does not appear to be completely met by pellets rich in fibre segments.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1990

Successful bone marrow transplant and re-growth of hair in a patient with posthepatic aplastic anemia complicated by alopecia totalis.

Bone marrow transplant was performed in a child with posthepatic aplastic anemia complicated by alopecia totalis. The procedure was successful, as the graft was apparently "taken" by the recipient and hair started to grow on the head. The hair has not been lost since, and is still growing as of the date of this report. Although nonA nonB hepatitis virus was found to be the cause of hepatitis in this patient, the reason for the alopecia totalis which developed 7 years previously is unclear. The postoperative growth of the hair was attributed to restoration of normal immunologic function through bone marrow transplant.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2005

Myasthenia gravis accompanied by alopecia areata: clinical and immunogenetic aspects.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who had both myasthenia gravis (MG) and alopecia areata (AA). Clinical information was retrospectively collected for 159 Japanese patients with MG. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 and DRB1 alleles were determined by genotyping. Of 159 MG patients, six (3.7%) developed AA after the onset of MG and thymectomy. The prevalence of AA in MG patients was higher than that reported in Caucasians. The frequencies of bulbar involvement, myasthenic crisis, and thymoma were significantly higher in MG patients with AA than in those without (P = 0.007, 0.004, and 0.006, respectively). All but one patient with AA had advanced stage thymoma. Three patients with a severe form of AA (alopecia totalis) had additional autoimmune diseases: myocarditis, myositis, and pure red cell aplasia. DRB1*0901 and DQB1*0303 tended to be more frequently detected in the six MG patients with AA than in the 82 patients without it. In conclusion, a subset of MG patients who have severe neuromuscular symptoms and thymoma develop AA several years after thymectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Familial eyebrow diffuse alopecia.

Eyebrows are important structures both cosmetically and functionally. Diffuse alopecia of the eyebrows (sparseness of the eyebrows) may be seen in many acquired or congenital conditions. In this article, a family with diffuse eyebrow alopecia is reported.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2005

Ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome treated with acitretin.

We describe a 3-year-old male patient with the ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome, who developed cutaneous and ocular involvement in infancy. In addition, he had growth retardation and borderline intelligence; no other systemic involvement was found on detailed investigation. A moderate response to acitretin therapy (1 mg/kg) administered for 6 months was observed, with improvement in cutaneous features and corneal erosions and no change in alopecia or photophobia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

Profile of 513 patients with alopecia areata: associations of disease subtypes with atopy, autoimmune disease and positive family history.

BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence support a genetic component to alopecia areata (AA), including differences in patients based on severity of AA, associated diseases and family history. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine clinical and genetic features of patients with AA with a focus on associated diseases, especially atopy, and family history of AA in the USA. METHODS: From 1998 to 2001, 513 patients with AA completed interviews consisting of demographic information, patient's medical history, and family history of AA. RESULTS: Forty per cent of respondents had alopecia totalis and/or universalis (AT/AU). These patients were younger at the age of onset than those with patchy AA (P < 0.001), were more likely to have associated autoimmune or atopic disease (P = 0.047), most notably atopic dermatitis (P = 0.021) and thyroid disease (P = 0.012). They also had a greater number of relatives affected by AA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show marked associations between severity of AA, atopic dermatitis, thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases, and extensive family history of AA, suggesting two clinically distinct subtypes of AA with the severe subtype possibly associated with greater familial autoimmunity. Further research exploring the possibility of a genetic basis to explain these clinical findings will be helpful in clarifying our understanding of AA, leading to improvements in diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Triple rhomboid flap for crown alopecia correction.

The triple rhomboid flap offers significant advantages over previously described methods for reducing vertex alopecia. The circular area of alopecia is converted into a hexagon. The hexagon is then excised and closed by rotation of three rhomboid flaps from the hair-bearing periphery. The specific indications for this flap are reviewed, the technical aspects are discussed, and illustrations are provided.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1993

Acute alopecia: clue to thallium toxicity.

The combination of rapid, diffuse alopecia, and neurologic and gastrointestinal disturbance is pathognomonic for thallium toxicity. The hair mount, showing a tapered or bayonet anagen hair with black pigmentation at the base, may be highly diagnostic before the onset of alopecia. We saw a 10-year-old boy who suffered from thallium poisoning.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1993

Down syndrome, alopecia universalis, and trachyonychia.

A 16-year-old boy with Down syndrome and alopecia universalis had dystrophy of all nails. A presumptive diagnosis of tinea unguium, common in persons with Down syndrome, had been made nine years earlier. Despite antifungal therapy, the condition of the nails worsened. We were unable to detect fungi, and believe that his nail changes are most consistent with alopecia-associated trachyonychia (formerly 20-nail dystrophy), a condition not previously reported in persons with Down syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diseases on hair follicles leading to hair loss part II: scarring alopecias.

In Part I of the review (July/August 2004), the anatomy of hair follicles, the diagnostic approach to diseases leading to hair loss, and nonscarring alopecias were discussed. In this article (Part II of II), the focus is on scarring alopecias (dissecting folliculitis, folliculitis decalvans, lichen planopilaris, lupus erythematosus) in regard to pathogenesis, clinical findings, and current options of treatment. Most important for the survival of the hair follicle are the epithelial stem cells within the follicular bulge that communicate with the fibroblasts of the dermal papilla. These structures may be destroyed by systemic autoimmune disorders as well as by granulomatous diseases. To prohibit permanent damage of hair follicles, early diagnosis and the correct treatment are necessary.

Alopecia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Male pattern androgenetic alopecia.

Androgenic alopecia is a common physiologic disorder that is induced by androgens in genetically predisposed persons. It is described by dermatologists as a disorder of perception. Its original classification in men was made by Hamilton in 1951 and modified by Norwood in 1975. Ludwig's classification of androgenic alopecia in women was made in 1977. More study on this subject is needed with respect to searching for a medication to promote hair growth.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1975

Male pattern alopecia a histopathologic and histochemical study.

Three hundred and forty-seven tissue specimens were studied from 23 patients with male pattern alopecia. Characteristic features of pattern alopecia included: the presence of miniature or vellus follicles; a marked enlargement of the sebaceous glands and arrectores pilorum muscles; the presence of connective tissue streamers beneath the vellus follicles; and the thinning of the dermis. A mild perivascular infiltrate of mononuclear cells and mild capillary dilatation was sometimes seen. An increased number of mast cells was often a prominent feature. Histochemical procedures were performed for glycogen, acid mucosaccharides, inorganic substances, and enzymes including alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, cholinesterase, aminopeptidase, oxidases and dehydrogenases. Histochemical studies did not reveal any significantly abnormal enzyme changes other than the altered vascular and nerve supply to the the miniature follicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural study of exclamation-mark hair shafts in alopecia areata.

The prime diagnostic feature of acute alopecia areata is the presence of exclamation mark hairs. These characteristic hairs fracture at their distal end and taper proximally towards the scalp, giving them the appearance of an exclamation mark. Hair morphology was studied in 8 patients with untreated acute alopecia areata and 3 normal adults without hair loss. Light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct structural differences in the distal end of hairs compared with the remainder of their length and with normal hair shafts. Transverse sections of hairs just below the frayed brush-like tip often displayed asymmetrical cortex disintegration. One side was compact and homogeneous while the other was deeply fissured and/or broken up into discrete heterogeneous-staining fragments of cortical, stratum corneum and cuticular components in addition to apparently degenerate cortex. Many exclamation mark hair tips lacked cuticle and had irregular profiles. Melanin was found in cortical and medullary fragments at the tip, although it was absent in the more degenerate forms of cortex. More proximal sections of these pathognomic telogen hairs revealed nearly normal hair shaft ultrastructure.

Acute Disease↗