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Results for “ADRENAL GLAND DISEASES”

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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[New signs for the echographic identification of the adrenal glands in children and adolescents].

Although the shape of the adrenal glands was found to vary according to the angle and position of the transducer, the most common appearance was that of a triangle, helmet or cap. This caplike appearance and the similarity in echo intensity make it difficult or even impossible to distinguish the adrenal glands from the upper pole of the kidney in many cases. By closely examining the approximate transition zone between adrenal gland and kidney, additional signs have been found that enable a better delineation of the adrenal glands. These may take the form of slight indentations ("waist form") or small, jutting edges ("step form"), seen in up to 42% of examinations. Further means of identification result from reflective interfaces at the base of the adrenal glands. These might include capsular veins or interposed fat ("vessel sign" and "reflective base"). These signs provide assistance in delineating and measuring the normal adrenal glands and make the detection of minor abnormalities possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Technic of real-time ultrasonic examination of the adrenal glands and adrenal gland tumors].

A prospective examination was carried out to determine the optimum technique for demonstrating the adrenal glands; there were 60 normal persons, 16 with small adrenal tumours (average size 13 mm.) and 10 with large adrenal tumours (average size 38 mm.). A normal adrenal gland was identified only once amongst the 60 patients as a hypoechoic structure. Fifteen of the 16 small, and eight of nine large tumours could be demonstrated sonographically. An intercostal approach was particularly suitable for showing the suprarenal region and for small tumours. Large tumours could be shown by a ventral, lateral or dorsal approach.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

[Bilateral massive macronodular adrenal gland hyperplasia. A rare cause of Cushing's syndrome].

A 46-year-old man with known arterial hypertension for 10 years had, over the last two years, developed increasing obesity, particularly of the trunk, with other symptoms typical of Cushing's syndrome. Hormone analysis demonstrated hypercortisolism and decreased plasma ACTH concentration. The dexamethasone inhibition test failed to show any significant suppression of serum cortisol. Plasma ACTH was not increased in the corticotrophin-releasing hormone and the metyrapone tests. In the short ACTH test there was an excessive cortisol increase. Abdominal computed tomography revealed both adrenals to be enlarged (6 x 4 cm) and coarsely nodular. Adrenolytic treatment with ketoconazole (400 mg daily) caused symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, but a reduced dosage of 200 mg daily lowered the cortisol level to between 5 and 11 micrograms/dl and normalized the blood pressure and clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome disappeared. Subsequent bilateral adrenalectomy confirmed the diagnosis of massive macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. Substitution treatment with twice daily 25 mg cortisone acetate and 0.05 mg fludrocortisone was started postoperatively.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1994

[Symptoms and endocrinologic features of catecholamine-secreting tumors. Results in 106 consecutive patients].

The clinical and endocrinological features in 106 patients (40 men, 66 women, mean age 48 +/- 14.3 years) treated between 1973 and 1993 for proven catecholamine-secreting tumours (phaeochromocytoma: n = 88, paraganglioma: n = 10, adrenal medullary hyperplasia: n = 8) were analysed. The most frequent symptoms were palpitations (68%), severe sweating (53%) and headache (42%). 10% of patients were symptom-free. 58% of patients had consistently raised blood pressure, and 20% of patients suffered paroxysmal blood pressure crises. However, 22% of patients did not have hypertension. Raised urinary catecholamines were found in more than 95% of cases; MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) scintigrams were abnormal in more than 85% of cases. Patients with catecholamine-secreting tumours do not always have "classical" features. The high sensitivity of properly performed catecholamine measurement on plasma and urine has made dangerous stimulation and suppression tests obsolete.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Adrenal hemorrhage in a newborn infant].

We report on a case of an adrenal haemorrhage cyst In new-born which caused special differential diagnostic problems. The examinations undertaken for diagnostic purposes as well as the outcome under the operatiOn led us to assume the presence of an adrenal tumor, and hence an epinephrectomy was consequently performed.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1990

[The morphology and clinical significance of pathologic changes of the adrenals and hypophysis in AIDS].

A semiquantitative morphometric technique (point counting) was applied to the pituitary and adrenals taken at necropsy from 130 AIDS patients (4 women, 126 men, mean age 39 [22-71] years) to ascertain the nature, extent and location of the pathological lesions. Abnormalities were found in 32% of the pituitaries and 76% of the adrenals. Only 17 patients had normal findings in both organs. The predominant lesions were due to opportunistic infections or infiltration by Kaposi's sarcoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The commonest finding was necrotizing cytomegalovirus adrenalitis (n = 68); in one third of the cases this had caused severe destructive lesions involving over 50% of the parenchyma. The almost total destruction of the adrenals noted in some cases suggests that cytomegalovirus adrenalitis may run a progressive course; its clinical significance has hitherto been underestimated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in children.

Staphylococcus aureus has increasingly been recognized as a cause of severe invasive illness. We describe three children who died at our institution after rapidly progressive clinical deterioration from this infection, with necrotizing pneumonia and multiple-organ-system involvement. The identification of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage at autopsy was characteristic of the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, a constellation of findings usually associated with fulminant meningococcemia. The close genetic relationship among the three responsible isolates of S. aureus, one susceptible to methicillin and two resistant to methicillin, underscores the close relationship between virulent methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates now circulating in the community.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗