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Adolescent siblings in stepfamilies: functioning and adolescent adjustment. Marital satisfaction, relationships, and roles.

The current study is one of the few attempts to examine the quality of marital relations in long-remarried families in diverse types of stepfamilies and compare them to long-established marriages in never-divorced families using a multimeasure, multirespondent design, which included observations. Early in a remarriage the new stepparent is often in a position of greater marginality than the biological parent is, and the marital relationship may be less central than in nonstepfamilies. Thus, the important differences between first marriages and remarriages may be in the salience rather than in the quality of the marital relationship. This will be explored as relations among family subsystems and child adjustment are examined in subsequent chapters.

Adolescent↗

Defense mechanisms development in children, adolescents, and late adolescents.

To replicate and extend Cramer's (1987) original cross-sectional study concerning the development of defense mechanisms, the Thematic Apperception Test responses of 148 students in Grades 2, 5, 8, 11, and college freshmen were collected and scored for denial, projection, and identification using Cramer's Defense Mechanisms Manual (1991). Our results supported the notion that the relative use of denial and projection decreases and identification increases as a function of grade level. The findings provide additional support for the psychoanalytic view (Freud, 1966) of an ontogenetic developmental line of defense.

Adolescent↗

Advancing assessment of children and adolescents: commentary on evidence-based assessment of child and adolescent disorders.

This article addresses the following cross-cutting issues evident in the special section of this issue: (a) current diagnoses do not provide adequate validity criteria; (b) the heterogeneity and comorbidity of target problems raise taxonomic challenges; (c) accurate assessment requires integration of multisource data; (d) developmental variations must be accommodated; (e) appropriate norms are needed; and (f) categorical and quantitative approaches are not incompatible. Less evident in the special section articles but equally important are the need to cope with multicultural issues, avoid premature closure regarding diagnostic labels, assess caregivers, and standardize broad-spectrum assessment procedures. Studies and use of evidence-based treatment (EBT) should be linked to evidence-based assessment (EBA) to advance both EBT and EBA.

Adolescent↗