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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The role of cerebellar flocculus in adaptive gain control of ocular reflexes.

Sustained oscillation of the head of an alert animal with inphase or outphase combination of screen oscillation in the horizontal plane induced marked adaptive changes in the gain of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR). These changes are assumed to be a prototype of motor learning by the cerebellar flocculus. Several lines of experimental evidence, using rabbits or monkeys as experimental material, have consistently suggested that the plastic changes of neuronal activities of a particular group of floccular Purkinje cells (H-cells) are the sources of the HVOR adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Adaptation of vertical eye alignment in relation to head tilt.

Binocular visual feedback is used to continually calibrate binocular eye alignment so that the retinal images of the two eyes remain in correspondence. Past experiments have shown that vertical eye alignment (measured as vertical phoria) can be altered by training to disparities that vary as a function of orbital eye position. The present experiments demonstrate that vertical eye alignment can also be trained to differ with head position when eye position (with respect to the orbit) is held constant. Changes in head position were about either an earth-vertical or earth-horizontal axis to distinguish otolith-ocular related adaptation from cervical-ocular related adaptation. Changes in head position were implemented by either by rotating the whole body (WB) or by rotating the head with the body stationary (HO). Following training, adaptation of eye alignment was observed in all cases of rotation about an earth-horizontal axis and for HO pitch rotations about an earth-vertical axis. The results illustrate the ability of the oculomotor system to compensate for imbalances in otolith-ocular pathways.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Absence of adaptive plasticity after voluntary vergence and accommodation.

Subjects maintained their eyes crossed (verged) for a period of 8 min in darkness with monitoring provided by an infrared video system. Changes in resting vergence (RV) and resting focus (RF) were examined. Results showed: (i) visual stimulation was not necessary for adaptation of either RV or RF, but (ii) these purely motor effects were significantly smaller and more dissipative than those attributable to visually driven adaptation, and (iii) voluntary vergence amplitude was negatively correlated with pupil size. Assuming that voluntary vergence is driven by accommodation, then the voluntary signal must enter the oculomotor control system prior to the cross links between channels, but beyond the site of the visually driven adaptive elements.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1981

Adaptation to prism-induced heterophoria in subjects with abnormal binocular vision or asthenopia.

In a previous study we investigated how normal subjects adapted to prism-induced heterophoria. In this study we have continued this work by investigating this phenomena in 15 patients with abnormal binocular vision and/or asthenopia. It was found that the majority of subjects lacked or had a deficient adaptation system to base-in and/or base-out prisms, but all except two subjects examined adapted normally to vertical prism. These results suggest that it may be possible to treat the horizontal adaptation system independently from the vertical one. Prism vergences, heterophoria measurements, and the presence of fixation disparity gave little indication of the adaptation ability of the subjects. Symptoms correlated well with adaptation ability.

Accommodation, Ocular↗