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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preservation of lyophilized cultures of saprophytic microorganisms].

All of the tested saprophytic microbial cultures remained viable upon 11--16 years of storage in the lyophilized state at 3--6 degrees. The cultures belonged to the following taxonomic groups: Acetobacter, Achromobacter, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Chromatium, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Lactobacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Sarcina, Serratia, Streptococcus, Torula, Mycobacterium, Actinomyces. The number of viable cells in the tubes decredased only slightly within this time and remained at the same level as immediately after lyophilization.

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

[Infection in the dialysis unit as a contributing factor to the problem of hospital acquired infections].

Hospital acquired infections are especially dangerous for patients with chronic renal insufficiency. An epidemic of hospital acquired infection of dramatic course in described in 13 patients (8 being on haemodialysis (HD) and 5 treated conservatively), with 15 episodes of septic syndrome (12 cases) or septic shock (3 cases). Initial cultures of blood, urine and pharyngeal swabs were positive only in 5 patients treated conservatively. Initial cultures of dialysing fluid from all 12 monitors of HD in our Dialysis Unit revealed the presence of Gram-negative bacteria (Achromobacter) in blood of 3 patients as well as in the dialysing fluid compartments from 2 monitors of Gambro AK 10/100. The possible role of Gram-negative, apparently benign water rods, in the pathogenesis of hospital acquired opportunistic infections in Dialysis Unit were discussed.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1994

Alternatively spliced isoform of P-selectin is present in vivo as a soluble molecule.

To demonstrate the presence of a soluble isoform of P-selectin predicted from cDNA sequencing (Johnston, G.I., Bliss, G.A., Newman, P.J., and McEver, R.P. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 21381-21385), we immunoisolated and compared structurally P-selectin from fresh frozen human plasma with that from washed intact platelets. Plasma P-selectin was reactive with rabbit antiserum to a synthesized peptide (residues 762-774 of mature P-selectin) but was significantly less reactive with antibody to a peptide (residues 747-760). In contrast, platelet P-selectin reacted with both antibodies. S-Pyridylethylated plasma P-selectin was fractionated by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography into two major species. From platelets, two virtually identical species were separated. Sequential digestion with Achromobacter protease I and then Staphylococcus V8 protease produced peptides assigned to the tail region of the protein including the putative spliced site. From the more hydrophilic species in both plasma and platelets, a peptide completely lacking the sequence of the putative spliced site was identified. In contrast, the more hydrophobic species yielded a peptide with an intact transmembrane sequence. Hence, these results provide direct evidence that the previously predicted soluble isoform of P-selectin is actually synthesized in vivo and is present as a circulating molecule.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative susceptibility of Ochrobactrum anthropi, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. denitrificans, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosidans and Bordetella bronchiseptica against 35 antibiotics including 17 beta-lactams].

Ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly known as "Achromobacter sp." or CDC group Vd has been isolated from water, hospital environment (antiseptic solutions, dialysis fluids ... ). O. anthropi is a Gram negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxydase positive and non-fermentative bacteria with a strong urease activity. The susceptibility of 13 strains of O. anthropi was determined by agar diffusion method and compared to those of type strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. denitrificans, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The MICs of 20 antimicrobial agents confirmed the distinct phenotype susceptibility of O. anthropi. All the strains of O. anthropi are sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin, colistin, sulphonamides and rifampicin and resistant to ampicillin, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, cefuroxime, cefamandol, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazon, ceftazidime, cefsulodin, aztreonam, streptomycin, kanamycin, pipemidic acid, chloramphenicol, erythromicin, pristinamycin, trimethoprim and fosfomycin. O. anthropi is implicated in nosocomial infections. O. anthropi was the species with the greatest resistance to beta-lactamins.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1993

Mouse gamma-casein cDNA: PCR cloning and sequence analysis.

A partial amino acid sequence of mouse gamma-casein was determined on a gas-phase amino acid sequencer. The N-terminal sequence (23 residues) was obtained using native gamma-casein, and the C-terminal sequence (13 residues) was determined with a corresponding peptide. The C-terminal peptide was isolated by affinity chromatography on an anhydrotrypsin agarose column after digestion of gamma-casein with Achromobacter lysyl-endopeptidase. A cDNA (507 base pairs) encoding the mature protein of gamma-casein was produced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of lactating mammary gland first strand cDNA with oligonucleotide primers designed from the N-terminal (KHEIKDK-) and the C-terminal (-AHYTRFY) amino acid sequences. The full-length cDNA including 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions (920 base pairs) was cloned by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method of Frohman et al. Comparison of full-length cDNAs of mouse gamma-casein and rat gamma-casein showed 80% identity at the nucleotide level. The amino acids in the coding region of both gamma-caseins were 75% identical.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

The effect of cyclohexane derivatives on selection of bacterial groups forming activated sludge microflora.

The effect of cyclohexanol, cyclohekxanon and cyclohexylamine on the selection of bacteria in a model population composed of bacteria isolated from activated sludge was examined. The initial population consisted of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The latter, which accounted for 90-97% of the population, belonged mainly to three Pseudomonas groups and the Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio-Aeromonas, Achromobacter-Alcaligenes and Flavobacterium groups. Seven day growth in medium containing cyclohexane derivatives caused pronounced qualitative changes in the population. The compounds favored the development of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and inhibited the growth of all other gram-negative bacteria. The direction of selection was independent of the type of cyclohexane derivative.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1994

Crucial role of intralobe peptide-peptide interactions in the uptake and release of iron by ovotransferrin.

The mechanism for reversible iron binding in the N-terminal lobe of ovotransferrin was investigated by a protein fragmentation approach. The iron-saturated N-terminal half-molecule of ovotransferrin was proteolyzed into large 30-kDa (1-279) and small 6-kDa (280-332) fragments by a single cleavage with Achromobacter protease I, producing a stable nicked form. For the separation of the two fragments, denaturing conditions were required. The isolated large fragment contained all four iron-coordinating ligands and the anion-binding ligand, and according to spectroscopic titration analysis, it showed iron binding capacity. The iron-bound large fragment, however, showed a blue-shifted visible absorption spectrum and a much decreased iron stability compared with those of the intact half-molecule. Analyses by ion-exchange chromatography revealed that the large fragment reassociates with the small fragment. In order for reassociation to occur, iron must be bound to the large fragment; upon reassociation, the large fragment regained its stable iron binding capacity as well as a visible absorption spectrum almost indistinguishable from those of the intact half-molecule. These data are consistent with a two-step sequential pathway for reversible iron binding in the N-terminal lobe of ovotransferrin that includes an initial iron binding intermediate having a perturbed metal environment and its transformation into the stable iron-bound holoform by peptide-peptide interactions between the large coordinating and small noncoordinating segments.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydrogen and carboxide bacteria belonging to the microflora of degradation].

The following bacteria oxidizing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide were shown by cultivating in the concentration gradient of acetate, lactate, and glucose, to belong to the microflora of dispersal: Hydrogenomonas eutropha Z-1, H. pantotropha Z-11, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava Z-1107, Achromobacter carboxydus Z-1171, Paracoccus denitrificans, and Alcaligenes paradoxus.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1976

Microbiological characteristics of natural mineral water.

Natural, non-carbonated mineral water is, like every other natural water from a spring, never sterile. However, the microbial level is always very low. But after its bottling, the level rises rapidly and numbers of more than 10,000 to 100,000/ml can be reached. In principle 2 groups of bacteria of very different origin and properties can be found in the microbial flora of the bottled, non-carbonated mineral water. Allochthonous bacteria will get into the water by contamination from the containers, closures, air or the bottling machines. They are mostly transitory as they cannot grow in a substrate with an extremely low nutritive level and die off more or less rapidly. From the hygienic point of view the permanently contaminating flora with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as main representative is more serious. These special gram-negative bacteria are oligocarbotolerant and can therefore multiply in the mineral water of extremely low nutrient level after a certain adaptation. Their effective bacteriological control is possible by colony counting with incubation at +37 degrees C but only just after bottling. The autochthonous microbial flora consists of psychrotrophic and of distinctly oligocarbophilic, mainly gram-negative bacteria such as Achromobacter, Flavobacteria, Pseudomonas as well as gram-positive Arthrobacter-species. According to indirect experiences, this autochthonous microbial flora must be growing in the open system of the underground source and renew itself constantly. The bottling of the natural spring water implies a drastic environmental change from this open system into a closed one. Then the bacteria start multiplying more or less rapidly like in a batch culture. Main reason for this is the extension of the inners surface of the system. The multiplication of bacteria after bottling of a mineral water of extremely low nutrient level therefore is an entirely normal biological process. For this reason, limits of the aerobic colony count at +20 degrees C incubation for natural mineral water seem not to be justified.

Flavobacterium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Attempt to establish genome similarity between Alcaligenes faecalis and several Gram-negative bacteria using the method of molecular hybridization of DNA to DNA].

The technique of DNA-DNA molecular hybridization was used to demonstrate the absence of genome similarity between Alcaligenes faecalis and gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Enterobacterium, Comamonas producing alkalis, and vibrions. Some similarity in the polynucleotide sequences was found between the DNA of the reper strain of Alcaligenes faecalis 45 (5--10% of homology) and the DNA of the culture belonging to the Achromobacter genus; therefore, the two genera may belong to one and the same family.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Content of nitrogen bases in the DNA of carboxide bacteria].

The composition of nitrogen bases was determined in total DNA of live strains of carboxide bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Seliberia (Agrobacterium), Achromobacter. Considerate differences in the nucleotide composition of DNA of the studied bacteria confirm that they indeed belong to different genera. At the same time, the content of GC pairs in DNA of these bacteria is within the range found for the corresponding genera by other authors.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of pyrexia in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Four patients on maintenance haemodialysis at the Lagos University Teaching developed pyrogenic reactions during treatment. Blood cultures were negative but the haemodialysates were grossly contaminated, mostly with Gram-negative bacilli, implicating their endotoxin as the cause of the observed pyrogenicity. The water reservoirs supplying the dialysis centre were grossly contaminated (counts 2.0 x 10(2) cfuml-1) with Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ps. fluorescens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Achromobacter spp. and a Gram-positive organism, Micrococcus spp. These were the organisms isolated from the haemodialysates. At each sampling time, though fewer bacterial species were isolated from the haemodialysates, contrast the water reservoirs, the population of each bacterial type recovered from both samples was higher in the haemodialysates indicating a build up of the organisms within the haemodialysis machines. These findings therefore call for regular monitoring of the level of contamination of water use for mixing haemodialysis fluid in order to know when critical level is being exceeded.

Dialysis Solutions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Collagenolytic enzymes synthesized by microorganisms].

The review uses data obtained by the authors and available in the literature to discuss microbial collagenolytic enzymes, widely employed in scientific research, biotechnology, and medicine. Collagenases differing in their structure and the specificity of their action on collagen fibrils were isolated from bacteria (including marine isolates), actinomycetes, and fungi. Collagenases produced by Clostridium histolyticum and Achromobacter iophagus are the best studied enzymes; both are metalloenzymes that contain Zn2+ in their active site and retain collagenolytic activity in the presence of Ca2+. Serine-type collagenolytic proteases were also found in microorganisms. These enzymes differ from "true" collagenases by the structure of their active site. Both serine proteases and metalloproteases with high collagenolytic activities were isolated from the culture liquids of Streptomyces and Actinomyces strains. The biosynthesis of collagenases is induced by the addition of various collagen-containing substrates to the cultivation medium.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1977

L-Lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate epsilon-aminotransferease. Properties of the bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.

L-Lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate epsilon-aminotransferase of Flavobacterium lutescens (Achromobacter liquidum) IFO 3084 shows positive circular dichroic bands at 340 and 415 nm where absorption maxima are observed, and fluorescence maxima at 380 and 490 nm on excitation at 340 and 415 nm, respectively. The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate absorbing at 415 nm is bound through an aldimine linkage to an epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue of the protein. Upon aging, the 415 nm pyridoxal 5'-phosphate changes to a less active form (lambda max, 325 nm), which is distinguishable from the 340 nm pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This 325 nm bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is reduced with sodium borohydride and shows no circular dichroism. When the semiapoenzyme is aged under the same conditions, no spectral change is observed. These findings suggest that the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate bound through an aldimine linkage may be converted into a carbinol amine or some other related form by aging.

Apoenzymes↗
PubMed1976

[Studies on the antibacterial activity of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim (CN 3123) (author's transl)].

After giving a survey on the situation of antibiotic resistance in the region of Northern Bavaria during 1973/74 and comparing the activity of a sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) trimethoprim (TMP) combination to other commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, the results of tests with the new combination of N1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide) (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) at a ratio of 5:1 (CN 3123; Nevin, Supristol) are compared to those of tests with TMP/SMZ. This was done by correlating the inhibition zone diameters and, on the other hand, by referring to a great number of sensitivity evaluations in routine diagnostic tests. According to the size of the inhibition zone, CN 3123 showed a somewhat greater activity on Enterococcus (fecal streptococci), Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella aerogenes, whereas the TPM/SMZ combination had apparently a stronger antibacterial effect in vitro against Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and the Achromobacter-group. Analysis of sensitivity readings from routine diagnosis demonstrated accordance of CN 3123 with TMP/SMZ in 92.6% (first series) and 94.2% (second series), respectively. These results should be considered critically in view of the manifold factors which influence sensitivity tests in the agar diffusion method.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemistry of denitrification in sporogenous soil bacteria].

Soil sporeforming denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus filaris and Bacillus polymyxa, differ by their cultural-morphological and physiological characteristics, but are similar in the chemistry of dissimilating nitrate reduction. Two processes occur simultaneously: denitrification yielding gaseous nitrogen forms, and nitrate respiration upon which nitrates are reduced to ammonia. The ratio between the two depends on physico-chemical conditions of the environment. The chemistry of dissimilating nitrate reduction by sporeforming bacteria differs therefore from nitrate transformation by other denitrifying microorganisms: Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Rhizobium, Achromobacter, which, according to the published evidence, are capable only of denitrification.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1998

An attempt to use selected strains of bacteria adapted to high concentrations of petroleum oil to increase the effective removal of petroleum products in excess activated sludge in laboratory conditions.

Forty two strains of bacteria were isolated from excess activated sludge from petroleum wastewater treatment plant. The strains were identified and classified to the following groups: Enterobacteriaceae (7 strains), Anitratum (3 strains), Pseudomonas (13 strains), Micrococcus (12 strains), Comamonas (2 strains), Xanthomonas (2 strains), Achromobacter (1 strain) and Vibrio-Aeromonas (1 strain). One of the isolates was found to be a yeast strain. Following preliminary selection ten strains, showing the best growth in medium with oil fraction as sole carbon source, were chosen for further studies. The selected strains belong to Pseudomonas (6 strains), Xanthomonas (2 strains), Micrococcus (1 strain) and Saccharomyces (1 strain). The strains were adapted to high oil concentration (500-2000 mg/L) and an attempt to use them to intensify removal of petroleum products from excess activated sludge was made. The sludge was inoculated with a mixture of the isolated strains. The experiment was carried out three times, each time with a fresh sample of the excess sludge. The obtained results show that the inoculation of activated sludge with the strains active against oil reduced the petroleum products content by 20% in 14 days. The greatest reduction of oil was observed in sludge with the lowest dry weight, that is with the greatest degree of hydration. The dry weight of the excess sludge did not significantly decrease during the course of the experiment, after having been inoculated with the mixture of strains.

Adaptation, Physiological↗