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PubMed1998

NHLBI workshop on the utilization of ECG databases: preservation and use of existing ECG databases and development of future resources.

Baseline examinations and periodic reexaminations in longitudinal population studies, together with ongoing surveillance for morbidity and mortality, provide unique opportunities for seeking ways to enhance the value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded with digital technology as an inexpensive and noninvasive tool for prognosis and diagnosis. Clinicians, epidemiologists, and engineers from industry, government, and academic medical centers gathered at a workshop sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) on June 11-12, 1997, to discuss the research potential of ECG databases, their preservation and accession, and standards for recording and storage. Databases considered were those acquired in ongoing and future NHLBI-funded studies and in clinical settings in which the ECG continues to provide valuable information for evaluation and treatment. The accessibility of existing databases, the quality of their data, and the availability of ancillary demographic and clinical information were major themes. Also discussed were appropriate statistical methodologies to be used with these data for developing and testing ECG algorithms. The workshop participants affirmed the value of these databases and urged the establishment of an ECG advisory and review group to (1) resolve technical and proprietary issues for the utilization of currently existing databases; (2) develop standards for recording, storage, and utilization of ECGs in future NHLBI-supported studies; (3) oversee the creation of a national ECG database resource, consisting of an archive of ECG databases from past and ongoing NHLBI-supported studies, and a registry of ECG databases that would eventually include digital ECGs from populations currently underrepresented in the demographic spectrum of the NHLBI databases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Juvenile hypertension: highlights of a workshop.

The workshop was successful in achieving its two major goals: (1) the scientific updating of research issues in pediatric blood pressure determinants and in pediatric hypertension, and (2) the delineation of future research objectives. These objectives are itemized at the end of the workshop proceedings and, in brief, center around the need for better definitions of normal and abnormal blood pressures in youth, the identification of variables in childhood capable of indicating which children are at risk for developing hypertension as adults, and finally, a thoughtful list of additional research issues germane to the explanation of primary and secondary forms of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Implementation of virtual microscope slides in the annual pathobiology of cancer workshop laboratory.

Virtual slides are digital facsimiles of glass microscope slides that, when viewed with a pan and zoom viewer, can emulate viewing a glass slide with a traditional microscope. Based on successful implementation of virtual slides in medical student histology and pathology courses at the University of Iowa, we developed a plan to evaluate the use of virtual slides in the American Association for Cancer Research's annual Pathobiology of Cancer Workshop. In this Workshop, nonphysician predoctoral students and postdoctoral fellows working in cancer research explore the morphological, clinical, and molecular aspects of human cancer. Over the course of a week, students examine approximately 100 glass slides in microscope laboratories, facilitated by senior cancer investigators. The goal of the present study was to evaluate virtual slides as a teaching modality in these laboratories, not as a replacement for traditional microscopy, but rather in terms of their utility in facilitating student learning as they examine glass slides with a traditional microscope. Evaluation by questionnaire indicated that virtual slides enhanced students' ability to grasp morphological features better than the traditional photomicrographs. The results of this implementation suggest that virtual slide technology may be successfully extended to other educational venues where traditional microscopy and photomicrographs are currently used.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1999

A research strategy for investigating the ecological significance of endocrine disruption: report of a UK workshop.

In May 1997 the MRC Institute for Environment and Health hosted an expert, multidisciplinary workshop on the ecological effects of endocrine disruption, focusing on reproductive function, to identify research priorities. Particular objectives were to discuss the potential for effects at organisational levels higher than that of the individual (i.e. population, community and ecosystem levels), the range of taxa that may plausibly be susceptible, and our current knowledge of the environmental fate and behaviour of potential endocrine disrupters. The conclusions of this workshop are reported, with particular reference to a research strategy developed to ultimately address the significance of endocrine disruption at the level of the population. Specific research project areas considered to be of particular importance to the UK situation are also presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction to the PICES practical workshop: objectives, overview of the study area, and projects conducted by the participants.

We coordinated a collaborative research project to investigate environmental conditions in Vancouver Harbour, British Columbia, Canada, between 23 May and 7 June 1999. This special volume of Marine Environmental Research presents a collection of papers giving results of these studies. The project was part of a practical workshop sponsored by the Marine Environmental Quality (MEQ) committee of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Twenty-four scientists from PICES countries (USA, Canada, Russia, Japan, Korea, and China) participated. A wide variety of data was collected, including community structure of benthic invertebrates and fish, evaluation of fish health using biological markers and exposure data, evaluation of contaminant exposure in inter-tidal invertebrates, imposex in gastropods, and information about natural toxins produced by algae. The workshop provided an opportunity for PICES participants to gain an improved appreciation of the approaches and techniques used by other member countries to assess the effects of marine pollution. The purpose of this introductory paper is to briefly describe the project, provide background information on how it was organized, and give an overview of our knowledge about the harbour's environment.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The replicon theory 40 years: an EMBO workshop held in Villefranche sur Mer, France, January 18-23, 2003.

It is now 40 years since Jacob, Brenner, and Cuzin presented their Replicon Theory at a Cold Spring Harbor Symposium. The theory was based on their fundamental studies of the sexual system of Escherichia coli which led to the realisation that only specific sequences are able to replicate. They introduced the concept of a replicon consisting of a replicator (a DNA sequence) and a structural gene for an initiator protein. They also proposed a model for how replication of the bacterial chromosome might fit into the bacterial cell cycle. To commemorate the anniversary, an EMBO Workshop was organised in Villefranche on the Riviera of France. During the Workshop, the state of the art of cell-cycle studies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms was presented and discussed in the presence of two of the fathers of the Replicon Theory, Jacob and Cuzin.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Analyses of monoclonal antibodies reacting with porcine CD3: results from the Second International Swine CD Workshop.

Among the 57 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) analyzed within the T-cell group from the Second Swine CD Workshop, six mAb fell within clusters T10 and T11 (No. 088, STH164; No. 148, FY1A3; No. 149, FY2C1; No. 150, FY1H2; No. 151, FY2A11; No. 169, BB23-8E6). The mAb within these two groups gave a similar appearance on flow cytometry and stained all peripheral blood T-cells as defined by CD4 and wCD8 staining. All six mAb precipitated a 24 kDa protein. On the basis of inhibition analyses performed as part of the workshop and from published data, the mAb define at least three epitopes. There is only minimal stimulation of resting peripheral lymphocytes, but four of the mAb produce strong stimulation in the presence of PMA. With the exception of STH164, all have been shown to react with CD3 epsilon-transfected COS cells. The new mAb, therefore, react with three epitopes on porcine CD3 epsilon designated CD3a (BB23-8E6, FY2A11), CD3b (FY1A3, FY2C1), and CD3c (FY1H2). mAb STH164 appears to be reactive with another epitope, however, since its reactivity with CD3 has not been confirmed it is designated as wCD3.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Summary of workshop findings for porcine adhesion molecule subgroup.

Fifty-nine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were assigned to the adhesion section of the Second International Swine CD Workshop. They were analysed for their reactivity to selected lymphoid cell populations, as well as to non-lymphoid cell lines. Cell lysate ELISAS and Western Blot analyses were also carried out. As a result, thirteen separate cluster groups emerged (p > 0.95). Workshop assignments for adhesion molecules were made: wCD29/49 for mAbs UCP1D2 (#133) and FW4-101 (#165), and PNK-I (#194) and MUC76A (#025) could be assigned to wCD18. For one cluster (FQ1D7, #161 and 2F4, #069) the cellular distribution and MW were characteristic for MHC Class II, and another cluster comprising several antibodies which appeared to recognise MHC Class I. Other clusters could not be assigned to cell surface structures known to be linked to cellular adhesion, however, two further antibodies, 335-2 (#112) and FG1F6 (#156), could be added to SWC1, and the new SWC8 was defined by MIL3 (#077) and MUC20A (#029), binding a ligand of 29-32 kDa. Clustering for these two antibodies was confirmed by blocking studies. The cellular distribution is known for MIL3, recognising an epitope present on granulocytes, B cells, and a subset of T cells expressing CD8 at high intensity.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe and useful tool for investigating various aspects of human neurophysiology, particularly corticospinal function, in health and disease. Repetitive TMS (rTMS), however, is a more powerful and potentially dangerous modality, capable of regionally blocking or facilitating cortical processes. Although there is evidence that rTMS is useful for treating clinical depression, and possibly other brain disorders, it had caused 7 known seizures by 1996 and could have other undesirable effects. In June 1996 a workshop was organized to review the available data on the safety of rTMS and to develop guidelines for its safe use. This article summarizes the workshop's deliberations. In addition to issues of risk and safety, it also addresses the principles and applications of rTMS, nomenclature, and potential therapeutic effects of rTMS. The guidelines for the use of rTMS, which are summarized in an appendix, cover the ethical issues, recommended limits on stimulation parameters, monitoring of subjects (both physiologically and neuropsychologically), expertise and function of the rTMS team, medical and psychosocial management of induced seizures, and contra-indications to rTMS.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Considerations in the evaluation of surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop.

We report on recommendations from a National Institutes of Health Workshop on methods for evaluating the use of surrogate endpoints in clinical trials, which was attended by experts in biostatistics and clinical trials from a broad array of disease areas. Recent advances in biosciences and technology have increased the ability to understand, measure, and model biological mechanisms; appropriate application of these advances in clinical research settings requires collaboration of quantitative and laboratory scientists. Biomarkers, new examples of which arise rapidly from new technologies, are used frequently in such areas as early detection of disease and identification of patients most likely to benefit from new therapies. There is also scientific interest in exploring whether, and under what conditions, biomarkers may substitute for clinical endpoints of phase III trials, although workshop participants agreed that these considerations apply primarily to situations where trials using clinical endpoints are not feasible. Evaluating candidate biomarkers in the exploratory phases of drug development and investigating surrogate endpoints in confirmatory trials require the establishment of a statistical and inferential framework. As a first step, participants reviewed methods for investigating the degree to which biomarkers can explain or predict the effect of treatments on clinical endpoints measured in clinical trials. They also suggested new approaches appropriate in settings where biomarkers reflect only indirectly the important processes on the causal path to clinical disease and where biomarker measurement errors are of concern. Participants emphasized the need for further research on development of such models, whether they are empirical in nature or attempt to describe mechanisms in mathematical terms. Of special interest were meta-analytic models for combining information from multiple studies involving interventions for the same condition. Recommendations also included considerations for design and conduct of trials and for assemblage of databases needed for such research. Finally, there was a strong recommendation for increased training of quantitative scientists in biologic research as well as in statistical methods and modeling to ensure that there will be an adequate workforce to meet future research needs.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2003

Conducting international research in midwifery: a workshop held at the ICM Congress, Vienna, April 2002.

A workshop on international research in midwifery was held at the triennial International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) Congress in Vienna, April 2002. Thirty-five participants from 12 countries took part. The participants themselves defined the agenda, and subsequent discussion addressed the following issues: international research relationships and collaboration; ethical conduct in international research in midwifery; the role of the ICM in international research; and identifying topics for an international midwifery research agenda. Recommendations arising from this workshop were: that guidelines and a code of ethics for the conduct of international research in midwifery be developed; that the ICM and national midwifery organisations continue to actively support research, and further develop that support; that the ICM support education and capacity building for research at basic and continuing education levels; and that the priorities identified for collaborative international studies be updated on a regular basis.

Education↗
PubMed2001

Lensless imaging: a workshop on "new approaches to the phase problem for non-periodic objects.".

Over the past two decades, theoretical tools and algorithms have been developed which, under not very restrictive conditions, allow the reconstruction of images from diffraction patterns of non-periodic objects. These methods promise lensless imaging for any radiation, free of aberrations, with wavelength-limited resolution. Recent experimental successes prompted an interdisciplinary international workshop on this topic at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA, on May 17-19 2001, supported by the DOE, LBL and the Advanced Light Source. Our aim was to review the field, and to stimulate communication between the Signal Recovery, Coherent Optics, X-ray, Electron Microscopy and Applied Mathematics communities. The results are summarized in this paper and on the web. A second workshop is planned for 2003.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Biology-based combined-modality radiotherapy: workshop report.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this workshop summary is to provide an overview of preclinical and clinical data on combined-modality radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The 8th Annual Radiation Workshop at Round Top was held April 13-16, 2000 at the International Festival Institute (Round Top, TX). RESULTS: Presentations by 30 speakers (from Germany, Netherlands, Australia, England, and France along with U.S. participants and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center faculty) formed the framework for discussions on the current status and future perspectives of biology-based combined-modality radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Cellular and molecular pathways available for radiation modification by chemical and biologic agents are numerous, providing new opportunities for translational research in radiation oncology and for more effective combined-modality treatment of cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of cytokine ELISpot assay formats for the detection of islet antigen autoreactive T cells. Report of the third immunology of diabetes society T-cell workshop.

The identification of sensitive assay formats capable of distinguishing islet autoreactive T cells directly ex vivo in blood is a major goal in type 1 diabetes research. Recently, much interest has been shown in the cytokine enzyme linked immunospot assay (CK ELISpot), an assay potentially capable of fulfilling these difficult criteria. To address the utility of this assay in detecting autoreactive T cells, a 'wet' workshop was organized using the same fresh blood sample and coded antigens. Five different laboratories participated, using three distinct CK ELISpot assay formats. Samples from two subjects were pre-tested for responses to sub-optimal concentrations of tetanus toxoid, representing a low frequency recall response, and peptides from diabetes associated autoantigens GAD65, IA-2 and HSP60. All participants measured interferon-gamma production and combinations of interleukins-4, -5, -10 and -13. In the workshop 4 of 5 laboratories detected low frequency recall responses in both subjects and 3 of 5 detected at least one of the autoreactive peptide responses concordant with pre-testing. Significant assay format related differences in sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio were observed. The results demonstrate the potential for detection of low-level autoreactive T cell responses and identify assay characteristics that will be useful for studies in type 1 diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Insights into the role of estrogen in the male genital tract: a report on an estrogen and male reproduction workshop, Isola Capo Rizzuto, Italy, 23-24 September 1999.

The first International Workshop on estrogen and male reproduction was held in Isola Capo Rizzuto, Italy and was organized by the University of Calabria (COSENZA), the University of Naples and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. The workshop, which was attended by general scientists, endocrinologists and andrologists, addressed the impressive recent progress in this area of male reproduction. Owing to space limitations, this report focuses on only a few of the recent advances related to the role of estrogen in the male genital tract.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Should we watch what we eat and drink? Report on the International Workshop on Hormones and Endocrine Disrupters in Food and Water: possible impact on human health, Copenhagen, Denmark, 27-30 May 2000.

The aim of this Workshop was to bring together scientists with different backgrounds, including clinical endocrinologists, basic researchers and epidemiologists, to discuss the complex and controversial topic of endocrine disrupters, and their impact on human health. Nearly 250 scientists attended the Workshop, and 50 lectures and 90 posters were presented and discussed. The most important scientific findings and reviews are to be published in Human Reproduction and Human Reproduction Update. Some of the highlights are presented here.

Endocrine Glands↗
PubMed2003

A report of the functional connectivity workshop, Dusseldorf 2002.

This report provides a commentary on the issues presented and discussed at the recent "Functional Brain Connectivity" workshop, held in Dusseldorf, Germany. The workshop brought together researchers using different approaches to study connectivity in the brain, providing them with an opportunity to share conceptual, mathematical, and experimental ideas and to develop strategies and collaborations for future work on functional integration. The main themes that emerged included: (1) the importance of anatomical knowledge in understanding functional interactions the brain; (2) the need to establish common definitions for terms used across disciplines; (3) the need to develop a satisfactory framework for inferring causality from functional imaging and EEG/MEG data; (4) the importance of analytic tools that capture the dynamics of neural interactions; and (5) the role of experimental paradigms that exploit the functional imaging of perturbations to cortical interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

An invitational workshop on collaboration between quality improvement organizations and business coalitions.

BACKGROUND: The center for Clinical Quality Evaluation, in conjunction with The American Health Quality Association, Midwest Business Group on Health, National Business Coalition on Health, and the funder, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, conducted an invitational workshop January 14-15, 1997, in Washington, DC. A select group of federally designated peer review/quality improvement organizations (QIOs)--organizations that work at the local level to improve and promote the health status of Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries--and business coalitions from nine states met to discuss public/private collaboration on community-based quality improvement projects. WORKSHOP AGENDA: The 1 1/2-day sessions included a keynote address by Chris Queram, MA, chief executive officer of the Employer Health Care Alliance, Madison, Wisconsin, who provided background and context on the principles of community-based collaboration; a presentation on an advanced QIO/business coalition collaborative case study by HealthInsight, Inc (the Utah QIO), and Business/Health Partnership (the Salt Lake City business coalition); a case study on a beginning QIO/business coalition collaborated by the Health Accountability Foundation, a partnership between IPRO (the New York State QIO) and the New York Business Group on Health (the New York City business coalition); small group breakout sessions, where participants from each state/local community and Washington, DC-based health associations and specialty societies met to identify common goals and opportunities to collaborate; report on the progress made by each small group; and discuss future plans for collaborating on quality improvement projects. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the participating QIOs and business coalitions have already begun collaborating on quality improvement projects.

Cooperative Behavior↗