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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Macrocrystal Swelling: AFM in Situ Observation of Particle and Film Deformation and Motion.

The surface of a poly(styrene-hydroxyethylmethacrylate), macrocrystalline film was observed by atomic force microscopy in the contact mode, before and during film immersion in water. The swelling effect on film morphology is strongly dependent on the quality of the macrocrystalline surface: film integrity is preserved or concerted many-particle displacement is observed in well-organized areas with few defects, but extensive particle displacement is observed in highly defective areas. The lateral particle dimensions increase by ca. 10-15% only and particle aspect ratio is unaltered in the highly crystalline areas. However, film roughness is greatly decreased, and flat mirror-like surface domains are obtained due to the concerted effects of particle swelling and latex-water interfacial tension. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Progressive neurodegeneration in Drosophila: a model system.

The Drosophila model system has been used to study neurodegenerative diseases by expression of human disease genes in transgenic flies. A different approach is to isolate and characterize Drosophila mutants with progressive neurodegeneration to find novel genes required for brain integrity. Mammalian homologues of these genes might be the genetic basis for some of the various progressive neurodegeneration diseases in humans. Here we describe several such mutants. Some of them reveal degeneration in specific parts of the brain while others affect all brain regions. Cell death can occur through apoptosis or necrosis. In one case, mutant flies show abnormal behavior prior to obvious degeneration while most other mutants reveal such defects only in later stages. These mutants offer a new approach to study basic mechanisms of neurodegeneration and for developing fly models for human diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Liver candidiasis. The various sonographic patterns in the immunocompromised child.

Liver candidiasis is characterised by small abscesses spread throughout the organ at random. These lesions may be identified sonographically. In the active phase of the disease, hepatomegaly is seen together with the "wheel in wheel" phenomenon, the "wagon wheel" appearance and/or the "bull's eye" lesion. Later on, hypoechoic defects develop. When the echogenic foci are revealed, the healing phase is initiated. These manifestations are demonstrated in 4 pediatric oncology patients. The sonographic patterns as well as its differential diagnosis from primary liver tumors, metastatic infiltrations or other abscess formations are discussed.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed2006

Effect of shed blood retransfusion on pulmonary perfusion after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective controlled study.

Postoperative shed blood retransfusion (autotransfusion) is a commonly used salvage method following major surgical operations, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The systemic effects of shed blood are still unclear. We studied the effect of residual substances in the retransfused shed blood, on lung perfusion after TKA. Fifteen unilateral and one bilateral TKAs were performed with autotransfusion (the study group) and 15 unilateral and three bilateral TKAs were performed in a control group. Lung X-rays, arterial blood gases (ABG), D-dimer values, and lung perfusion scintigraphies were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. A mean of 300.0 +/- 335.6 ml of bank blood was needed in the autotransfusion group and a mean of 685.7 +/- 365.5 ml of bank blood was needed in the control group (p=0.001). There was a postoperative segmental perfusion defect at the lateral segment of the superior lobe of the left lung in one patient of the control group and he also had risk factors for thrombosis. Although both groups had a decrease in lung perfusion postoperatively, there were no significant differences among the groups regarding the lung perfusion scintigraphy, chest X-rays, ABG, and D-dimer values. In conclusion, although pulmonary perfusion diminishes following TKA, shed blood retransfusion does not add any risk to pulmonary perfusion.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Can aesthetic facial reconstruction be judged in black and white?

Aesthetic considerations of the face need to be evaluated in real-life full color. Staged contouring and insetting of a transferred free flap is sometimes required. This consists of debulking, thinning, and reshaping the flap. If the facial area is involved, however, color mismatch of a free flap represents an aesthetic challenge for the reconstructive surgeon, and often is missed with black and white photos. This article reports on a patient in whom a first dorsal metatarsal cutaneous free flap was used to reconstruct a full-thickness defect in the lateral orbit including upper and lower eyelids and outer canthus. The flap resulted in an unacceptable aesthetic outcome consisting of a bulky, hypopigmented deformity. Revisional surgery consisted of debulking the free flap and resurfacing it with a full-thickness skin graft taken from the postauricular area. This resulted in a pleasant, thin, and better color match reconstruction. The advantages of the first web space of foot free flap to the eyelid are well described. The authors are of the opinion that the flap does not match the color of the eyelid region, and therefore suggest that if used, prefabrication or a second procedure is needed. Evaluation of the postoperative results needs to be in color because black and white can mask the final aesthetic result.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2006

Closure of duodenocutaneous fistula due to recurrent colon cancer with a pedicled jejunal seromuscular flap.

A new approach to closing a malignant enterocutaneous fistula is reported. Transverse colon cancer recurred around the superior mesenteric vein along with a duodenocutaneous fistula, thus causing severe dermatitis. The tumor was partially resected at the fascia level and the fistula measured 2.5 cm in diameter. A left rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap failed to close the fistula because of graft necrosis. A jejunal flap measuring 8 cm in length was prepared by sacrificing about 15 cm of adjacent jejunum to create the pedicle. The mucosal layer of the flap was removed and the fistula was closed, then the tumor surface was covered. Two weeks later, the skin defect was covered with free skin grafting. The patient died of cancer 6 months after surgery, but there was no recurrence of the fistula.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2002

A comparative ultrastructural study of pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia and male-sterile mutant apt1-3.

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT) catalyzes the conversion of adenine and cytokinin bases to the corresponding nucleotides. An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking the major APT isoform, APT1, is male sterile due to defects soon after meiosis. We have now used electron microscopy to define the effects of APT1 deficiency on pollen development to determine whether the changes might be attributed to adenine or cytokinin metabolism. Changes were observed in mutant anthers in both tapetal and pollen mother cells prior to meiosis with additional defects found at later stages, in both compartments. Principal changes include altered lipid accumulation in the tapetal cells, changes in pollen cell wall development, and a loss of synchrony in the development of the tapetum and microspores. Taken together our results suggest that APT1 deficiency causes a general metabolic decrease in energy metabolism, due to the lack of adenine recycling into adenylate nucleotides, which ultimately leads to pollen abortion. The early onset of meiosis in the mutant may be associated with altered cytokinin metabolism.

Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase↗
PubMed2004

[Applying an osteoinductive protein complex for regeneration of osseous defects].

INTRODUCTION: Growth factors are still not commercially available for routine clinical use. One possibility might be the application of Colloss, which is supposed to have osteoinductive properties. Therefore, it was the aim of the following animal experimental study to compare Colloss with autogenous bone and to investigate its osteoproductive potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 24 pigs clinically relevant defects were created in the forehead area. Defects were filled with autogenous bone and Colloss. One defect was left unfilled and served as control. After 2, 4, 12 and 26 weeks, six animals were sacrificed and microradiography, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry were carried out using BMP-2 and osteocalcin as antibodies. RESULTS: After 2 weeks the defects filled with the bovine protein complex showed a mineralization of 52.6% +/-4.03 compared to autogenous bone (38% +/-9.9; p=0.068) and the control defect (30% +/-2.94; p=0.05). After 4 weeks the results became assimilated. Light microscopy revealed especially after 2 weeks an enhanced de novo bone formation in the Colloss-group. This was also evident in an early expression maximum of BMP-2 after 2 weeks. Autogenous bone and the control defect showed a later expression maximum. CONCLUSION: Colloss showed an acceleration of bone regeneration in the early phase. Nevertheless, after 26 weeks the results were comparable with the autogenous bone group.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CASE REPORTS: anomalies in cephalothoracopagus synotus twins and their implications for morphogenesis in conjoined twins.

The anatomical features of a pair of female conjoined twins of the cephalothoracopagus type are described: the anterior face was well formed but the posterior face was cyclopean with a single ear canal. Visceral abnormalities included two shared hearts linked by an anastomotic arterial ring. The smaller of the hearts was univentricular with atrial situs ambiguus and anomalous pulmonary venous return, and was associated with two trilobed lungs. This, and the presence of a single spleen, suggested asplenia syndrome in one twin. The brains, orientated with respect to the notochordal axes, were joined only at the frontal poles. The abnormalities described in previous reports of twins of this type are reviewed and compared. In addition to alterations in body pattern due to conjoining, endodermal developmental defects and abnormal laterality appear to have been involved in the morphogenesis of this case.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Simultaneous measurement of myocardial perfusion and ventricular function during exercise from a single injection of technetium-99m sestamibi in coronary artery disease.

New radiopharmaceuticals permit simultaneous assessment of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function using a single tracer injection. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the relation between myocardial perfusion and function at rest and during exercise in patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD). A rest first-pass radionuclide angiocardiogram (RNA) was recorded in 51 patients with CAD during injection of 10 mCi of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) sestamibi, and tomographic perfusion images were obtained 60 minutes later. A treadmill test was then performed, and on attainment of an exercise end point a second first-pass RNA was recorded with 30 mCi of Tc-99m sestamibi. Tomographic images reflecting myocardial perfusion during exercise were obtained 1 hour later. Tomographic perfusion defect size, quantified using modifications of the Cedars-Sinai program, correlated directly with end-systolic volume and inversely with ejection fraction at rest and during exercise. However, perfusion defect size often varied widely in patients with similar left ventricular function. This independence between measurements of perfusion and function suggests that simultaneous assessment of the 2 physiologic variables could improve the diagnostic and prognostic information of radionuclide tests.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1986

Endometriosis in association with uterine anomaly.

Endometriosis is frequently a chronic process, which may begin soon after menarche. The process may be enhanced by mechanical obstruction. Theories of retrograde menstruation and metaplasia still remain in vogue. Endometriosis is a cause of both acute and chronic pelvic pain in the adolescent. We present case reports of müllerian lateral wall fusion defects with surgical correction and evidence for resorption of endometriosis. Clinicians must be aware that patients with uterine anomalies may develop extensive endometriosis, which upon creation of an unobstructed outflow tract results in complete resorption. Furthermore, the mechanism of formation of endometriosis in association with an outflow tract obstruction may be very different from that associated with infertility. We recommend consideration of endometriosis and/or a reproductive tract abnormality in the adolescent with persistent pelvic pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Congenital toxoplasmosis: prevention, screening and treatment.

Congenital toxoplasmosis is an established cause of abortion, neonatal disease and ocular defects presenting in later life. Preventative options include health education, immunization and screening of pregnant women and infants with appropriate management of cases found to be at risk. Screening requires a knowledge of the disease, the test, the treatment and the administration of the proposed programme. Treatment can be directed towards the acutely infected mother, the infected fetus or infant and the patient with an acute exacerbation of ocular toxoplasmosis following congenital infection. Harm-benefit assessment of screening programmes designed to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis has produced conflicting results. Further research is required into the incidence of acute toxoplasmosis in pregnancy and subsequent congenital infection, the frequency of neonatal handicap, precise tests for the diagnosis of recent maternal infection and the presence of congenital toxoplasmosis and improved treatment of the infection.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Effects of bone grafting on maxillary bone healing in the growing pig.

The healing of defects of the lateral wall of the maxilla was studied in the growing pig. In Series I the effect on bone healing of AAA-bone and Kiel bone was compared with that of autografts, and in Series II a comparison was made between autografts and AAA-bone implants. It was found that both autografts and AAA-bone implants improved the rate of healing, but the Kiel bone had no effect. Comparison between autografts and AAA-bone implants in Series II did not show any significant differences. Therefore. it was concluded that AAA-bone can be a useful substitute for autografts in grafting procedures in the maxilla.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT appearance of giant renal angiomyolipoma.

Renal angiomyolipomas are rare benign tumors readily identified by computed tomography due to their high fat content. When they attain giant proportions other fatty neoplasms, specifically liposarcomas, cannot be excluded based on the radiographic findings. A case in which a notch defect in the lateral border of the kidney was the single most important clue as to the intrarenal origin of the mass and led to the correct pre-operative diagnosis is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Amniotic membrane transplantation for the repair of severe conjunctival dehiscence after strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for the repair of severe conjunctival dehiscence that occurred during or after fornix-incision strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS: Four patients in whom severe conjunctival dehiscence developed during or after strabismus surgery were treated with amniotic membrane grafts. The extent of conjunctival reepithelization over sclera, range of ocular motility, and patient comfort were evaluated immediately after the surgery and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 16 weeks (range 4 to 28 weeks). Conjunctival dehiscence was detected 0 to 14 days after surgery. AMT was performed 0 to 14 days later. The conjunctival defect was reepithelized in all patients by the fourth postoperative week without evidence of scarring or restriction of motility. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of large conjunctival defects that may follow strabismus surgery, AMT may be an alternative to conservative management or primary conjunctival closure.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Injectable calcium phosphate scaffold and bone marrow graft for bone reconstruction in irradiated areas: an experimental study in rats.

The purpose of this study was to assess the possibilities for bone reconstruction of an injectable calcium phosphate scaffold (ICPS) associated with a bone marrow (BM) graft after irradiation in a rat model. External irradiation was delivered to 12 out of 27 inbred rats. Three weeks later, four osseous defects were created per animal and were kept empty or filled with either ICPS alone, BM graft alone or with a mixture of BM and ICPS. Three weeks after implantation, bone specimens were studied under light microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. Filling irradiated defects with ICPS alone was not accompanied by the formation of new bone. The BM graft associated with ICPS significantly increased ceramic degradation (p<0.01) and bone ingrowth (p<0.01) in the irradiated areas. The results are evidence for the meaning of the BM in driving the bone repair in irradiated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Supratrigonal VVF repair by modified O'Connor's technique: an experience of 26 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To report the technical modifications of O'Connor's procedure and their outcome in 26 supratrigonal vesico vaginal fistulae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six cases of supratrigonal VVF (17 primary, 9 recurrent) were operated using the described modifications. It consisted of approaching the bladder transperitoneally, without dissecting the retropubic space, making a short sagittal or parasagittal cystotomy in between stay sutures, liberal use of bladder rotation flaps instead of midline closure, using single layer, continuous, closely placed, interlocking stitches for bladder as well as vaginal approximation and universal use of vascularised tissue interposition. RESULTS: Mean fistula size was 2.8 cm (range 1.0 to 3.7). Mean operative time was 104 minutes, and blood loss was insignificant. Three patients required ureteroneocystostomy. All patients were dry after 2-3 weeks of suprapubic and per urethral catheter drainage. One patient persisted with stress urinary incontinence. No patient on follow up complained of features suggestive of prolonged ileus, peritonitis or adhesive intestinal obstruction. CONCLUSION: Modified O'Connor's repair is safe and achieves excellent functional results. It requires a shorter cystotomy instead of bi-valving of the bladder, thus minimizes tissue trauma, intraoperative blood loss and operating time. It also gives option of tailoring the cystotomy in sagittal or parasagittal line, according to the site and size of the fistula, and thus permits closure of fistula by rotation of bladder flap into the defect without any lateral traction on the bladder edges. Retropubic dissection and drainage of the retropubic space is also not required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comprehensive rhinoplasty technique to correct the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity using conchal composite grafts.

INTRODUCTION: Anatomical abnormalities and heterogeneous tissue deficiencies of the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity challenges the cranio-maxillofacial plastic surgeon to create a functional, yet aesthetically pleasing nose. The authors propose a comprehensive rhinoplasty technique to correct the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity using composite conchal grafts. PATIENTS: Five children with bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities had nasal reconstruction using conchal composite grafts, averaging 5 years in age at time of surgery. Patient follow-up averaged 21 months. METHODS: An open tip rhinoplasty was performed using a 'V' shaped columellar incision. The conchal composite graft was obtained from the lateral aspect of the ear and was used to reconstruct the lateral alar mucosal defects. Conchal cartilage was used as a columellar strut. The columellar skin was closed in a 'V-Y' fashion, giving greater columellar length. RESULTS: Visual inspection confirmed that the cleft lip nasal deformity was improved in all patients. There were no postoperative complications. All patients had complete composite graft take with minimal donor site morbidity and deformity. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive rhinoplasty technique improves the abnormalities found in bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity by using the successful aspects of other methods and introducing the composite conchal graft.

Cartilage↗