Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ectopic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Evaluation of ectopic bone by CT.

The CT appearance of ectopic bone and its maturation in 25 patients were correlated with the findings on radiographs and bone scans. Ossification progressed from an early appearance of soft-tissue density of lower attenuation than muscle to a calcific density paralleling radiographic and scintigraphic evidence of bone formation. Persistent unossified, low-density soft tissue was detected adjacent to mineralized areas of ectopic bone in 14 patients up to 16 years after neurologic injury, often with bone-scan evidence of maturity of the ectopic bone. This soft tissue most likely corresponds to immature, unossified connective tissue, which may have a potential for ossification. Detection of areas of soft-tissue density by CT and their avoidance during surgical resection of an ankylosing mass of ectopic bone may reduce intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative ectopic bone recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Bilateral ectopic ureters in a male dog with unilateral renal agenesis.

A 1-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of signs of urinary incontinence. Retrograde positive contrast urethrocystography and excretory urography with pneumocystography revealed bilateral intramural ectopic ureters and absence of the right kidney. During abdominal exploratory surgery, only the left kidney was located. The left intramural ectopic ureter was repaired by neoureterostomy (creation of a new opening for the ureter to enable urine to empty into the bladder). The right ectopic ureter was ligated at its entrance into the urinary bladder serosa. Results of excretory urography (performed immediately after surgery and repeated 8 weeks later) revealed successful correction of the left intramural ectopic ureter. Twelve weeks after surgery, the dog remained continent. To the authors' knowledge, there are few reports of ectopic ureters in male dogs; furthermore, the urinary tract abnormalities detected concurrently in this dog are also unusual.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Ectopic kidney in front of the right common iliac artery and its blood vascular supply--a case report.

A discoid-shaped ectopic kidney located in front of the right common iliac artery was observed in a 71-year-old Japanese man. The right kidney was normally positioned, but the left kidney was not observed in the normal position. The ureter of the ectopic kidney descended laterally to the left ductus deferens. The ectopic kidney received three arteries which arose from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta. Two of the arteries supplied the left half of the kidney. The other supplied the right half and gave off two branches to the adipose tissue around the right kidney; these branches meant that this artery belonged to the right side. Venous drainage from the kidney was handled by two veins. One collected venous radicles from the right half of the kidney and flowed into the inferior vena cava; this vein belonged to the right side. The other served the left half and joined with the left lumbar vein, which finally drained into the left common iliac vein; this vein was attributed to the left side. The present ectopic kidney had a left-side ureter, and vascular supply on both the right and left sides. This disunity or dissociation of laterality in the vessels and the ureter seemed to be strongly related to the location of this ectopic kidney in the median region.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Beta-HCG in serum was analysed in 64 cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy who wree different groups; ruptured ectopic pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy accompanied by amenorrhea or adnexal mass and ectopic pregnancy without palpable adnexal mass and amenorrhea. The mean HCG levels for the three groups were 8 790 IU/l, 2 580 IU/l and 690 IU/l, respectively, which related more to the symptoms than to the estimated length of pregnancy. Eleven per cent of the women had an IUD and five per cent were taking low dose gestagens. Screening of cases with acute lower abdominal pain or irregular vaginal bleeding with beta-HCG in serum will facilitate an early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and be of special value in patients with less typical symptoms.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed2002

Perineal sonography in diagnosis of an ectopic ureteric opening into the urethra.

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of perineal sonography in the diagnosis of an ectopic ureteric opening into the urethra. METHODS: In this study, carried out over about 4 years, perineal sonography was done to look for a ureter opening ectopically into the urethra in patients for whom abdominal sonography showed the ureter descending below and beyond the urinary bladder. RESULTS: Perineal sonography was done on 11 patients because there was a suggestion of an ectopic ureteric opening shown on abdominal sonography. In all of them, an ectopic ureteric opening into the urethra was shown on perineal sonography. The collecting system was seen to be nonduplicated in 6 patients and duplicated in 4 patients, and a triple ureter was present in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Perineal sonography is a simple, quick, beneficial, and noninvasive technique that can be used as an extension of abdominal sonography to diagnose an ectopic ureteric opening into the urethra.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ectopic primary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: To review an unusual case of ectopic primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: We present a case report, including longitudinal results of laboratory studies, and comment on the difficulties with standard imaging techniques, interpretation of parathyroid pathologic findings, and use of invasive localization techniques. RESULTS: A 74-year-old woman underwent repeated assessments because of hypercalcemia. When standard parathyroid 99mTc sestamibi imaging was negative for adenoma and initial surgical exploration of the neck and removal of 3' parathyroid glands were unsuccessful in correcting the hyperparathyroidism, the ectopic adenoma was ultimately localized on an extended-field 99mTc sestamibi scan in the region of the right dome of the diaphragm. The localization was confirmed by selective venous sampling and angiography. The ectopic parathyroid adenoma was embolized, and 1 month later, the serum calcium level was normal. CONCLUSION: Ectopic lesions should be considered when standard imaging techniques are nonrevealing and standard neck exploration fails to disclose a parathyroid adenoma in a patient with persistent hypercalcemia. Selective venous sampling and angiography can assist in localization of ectopic parathyroid adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Do histologic changes of the upper renal pole in double ectopic ureterocele justify a conservative approach?].

The aim of this study was to review the histology of the upper pole segment in patients with duplex ectopic ureterocele to verify if a less aggressive surgery is justified in the prenatally diagnosed patients. We reviewed the histology of the upper pole segment of 15 consecutive patients with duplex system ectopic ureterocele treated between 1991 and 1999 at the Paediatric Surgery Unit of University Hospital of Messina. The diagnosis of duplex system ectopic ureterocele was made according to the criteria of the Section on Urology of the American Academy of Paediatrics. The histology specimens were assessed for dysplastic, inflammatory and obstructive changes. All 15 patients with duplex system ectopic ureterocele were surgically treated with heminephro-ureterectomy and the surgical specimens were histologically examined. Nine of the 15 patients were prenatally diagnosed. The histology of the upper pole segment of the 9 prenatally diagnosed showed in all patients segmental renal microcystic dysplasia, chondroid metaplasic islands and an inflammatory tubulo-interstitial nephropathy in 6 patients (66.6%) and in 2 (22.2%) nephroblastomatosis. The histology of six the postnatal postnatally diagnosed patients showed in all patients segmental multicystic renal dysplasia, inflammatory tubulo-interstitial nephropathy and segmental parenchymal scars. The upper pole histology of the patients with duplex ectopic ureterocele diagnosed prenatally did not show any evidence of reversible histological change. Considering the histology and the good outcome of patients treated with upper pole nephroureterectomy a less aggressive surgery with preservation of the upper pole does not seem justified.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Expression of human leucocyte antigen in ectopic endometrial tissue of endometriosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expression of ectopic endometrial epithelial cells in cases with endometriosis and its role in pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHODS: By immunohistochemical analysis, HLA expression was observed in ectopic endometrial epithelial cells of 25 endometriosis patients. Ectopic endometrial cells were cultured in vitro successfully and the expression of HLA were analyzed by flow cytometry in 10 out of the 25 patients. Eutopic endometrium of 15 normal women were taken as control. RESULTS: (1) Expression of HLA class I molecule on ectopic endometrial epithelial cells of endometriosis measured by the immunohistochemical analysis was lower than those of controls, (4.0 +/- 0.5) score and (1.2 +/- 0.8) score respectively. So was the expression rate by flow cytometry in vitro culture (63.38 +/- 11.88)% and (5.27 +/- 2.88)% respectively (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of HLA class II molecule on ectopic endometrial epithelial cells of endometriosis was significantly increased. The outcome by immunohistochemical analysis was (0.2 +/- 0.1) score (control group) and (4.1 +/- 0.7) score (case group) and by flow cytometry was (7.19 +/- 2.43)% and (58.57 +/- 14.99)% respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal HLA expression could play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ectopic pituitary adenoma. Case report and review of literature].

Ectopic pituitary adenomas are very rare neoplasms. They are usually located in the sphenoid sinus or nasopharynx. Ectopic tumors derive from a residual pituitary fragment in the craniopharyngeal duct. They are similar in morphology, immunohistochemistry and hormonal activity to the typical pituitary adenoma. One third ectopic pituitary tumors reported in the literature are endocrine inactive, while the remaining ones indicate a hormonal activity and usually secrete ACTH, causing the Cushing disease. About 50% of pituitary adenomas are located at the skull base and present as aggressive neoplasms. The computed axial tomography (CAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are very useful in revealing the presence of these tumors. Preoperative diagnosis of ectopic pituitary adenomas located at the skull base is difficult. Diagnostic procedures usually suggest another type of neoplasm, e.g. chordoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or a metastatic tumor. Pathological examination including immunohistochemical studies of neuroendocrine markers is important in establishing the diagnosis. A unique case of ectopic, nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma involving the sphenoid sinus and nasopharynx and causing palsy of cranial nerves is presented. MRI examination revealed the presence of a large invasive tumor. The neoplasm was partially resected by transnasal approach. The diagnosis was confirmed by a pathological examination including immunohistochemical smears.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ectopic pancreas in Meckel's diverticulitis: a description of a new clinical case].

Ectopic pancreas is a rare congenital abnormality probably due to a derangement of embryologic development of digestive tract. Its frequency is reported in the literature between 0.5-14% predominantly distributed in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum. Such condition is extremely difficult to be diagnosed, in fact most of the case of ectopic pancreas are an accidental finding. We describe a case of ectopic pancreas located in the Meckel's diverticulum, resected at laparotomy performed for colonic disease. Although in retrospective review symptoms from ectopic pancreas are reported in up to 50% of the cases our patient was free of symptoms. In addition the finding of ectopic pancreas in Meckel's diverticulum has been described only seldom in the previous literature. Treatment however should always be resection in order to prevent complications that may occur, although rarely.

Adenomatous Polyps↗
PubMed2003

[Temporary ectopic implantation of amputated foot].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate an effective technique of temporary ectopic implantation for amputated extremity under complex condition. METHODS: Two cases of amputated foot, which could not be implanted primarily, were treated with temporary ectopic implantation. The other leg of patient was chosen as recipient site. The posterotibial artery and saphenous vein were chosen as recipient vessels. When the general condition and the proximal condition of the amputated part were suitable, the ectopic implanted feet were transferred to their anatomic positions. RESULTS: All the feet survived after the replantation. The injured limbs recovered their normal length and sensation. The patients could walk after 4-6 months. CONCLUSION: Temporary ectopic implantation is an ideal technique for the salvage of amputated limb and organ under special condition. Severed foot and lower segment of the leg under complex condition were the best indication for the temporary ectopic implantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rupture of ectopic pregnancy following disappearance of serum beta subunit of hCG.

The introduction of sensitive assays for the beta subunit of hCG (beta-hCG) and improved ultrasound technology for diagnosis and monitoring of ectopic pregnancy have changed the clinical approach to the management of ectopic pregnancy. Only a few reports have been published of patients with ectopic gestation and negative serum beta-hCG levels. None of these described rupture of ectopic pregnancy following the decline of beta-hCG levels to below 10 mIU/mL. We describe a case of ectopic pregnancy, managed expectantly, in which rupture and hemoperitoneum occurred after the decline of beta-hCG levels to below 10 mIU/mL.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Ectopic ureter opening to vestibule without urinary incontinence: a case report].

A case of a 2-year-old female with right ectopic ureter opening in vestibule vaginae and without urinary incontinence is reported. Excretory urogram showed mild dilatation of the upper right segment with bilateral complete duplication. Right ectopic ureter some functioning upper segment of the kidney was reimplanted into the bladder to avoid surgical intervention for heminephrectomy. According to the retrograde ureterogram of ectopic ureter the running courses and shapes of the dilated distal portions of ureters were compared between two groups, ectopic ureter with incontinence and that without incontinence. We suppose the continence mechanism of ectopic ureter is kept when the running course of the ureter through some portion of the urethral sphincter musculature.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum beta-hCG titers do not predict ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of serum beta-hCG titers in unruptured (U) vs. ruptured (R) tubal ectopic pregnancies. METHOD: 183 consecutive tubal ectopic pregnancies, confirmed by surgery and/or pathology, were classified as unruptured (n=108), or ruptured (n=75). Serum beta-hCG was noted directly before the surgery. Patients treated with methotrexate were excluded. The two groups were compared for patient age, gravidity (G), parity (P), gestational age at rupture, and serum beta-hCG level. Differences were analyzed using the Student's paired t-test. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen for patient age, G or P between the two groups (U vs. R). Gestational age at rupture was significantly higher (p = 0.01) in the ruptured ectopics (U: mean = 6.9 wks., s.d.= 2.2 wks; R: mean = 7.7 wks, s.d. = 2.5 wks). The range in serum beta-hCG was broad for both groups. For U: range = 15-89,504 I.U./L, mean 10,620 I.U./L, s.d. = 17,521 I.U./L. For R: range = 8-75,071 I.U./L, mean = 11,907 I.U./L, s.d. = 17,320 I.U./L (P > .25-N.S.). CONCLUSIONS: Serum beta-hCG by itself cannot predict whether a tubal ectopic pregnancy is likely to be ruptured; there is no safe lower limit in hCG titer below which ruptured ectopic is not seen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

TIPSS in the treatment of ectopic variceal bleeding.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bleeding from ectopic varices is a well recognized life-threatening complication of portal hypertension but the optimal treatment of this problem is yet to be established. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively reviewed patients with ectopic variceal bleeding who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting for recurrent bleeding not responding to conservative management. RESULTS: Over an eleven-year period we identified ten patients who underwent TIPSS for ectopic variceal hemorrhage. Six patients bled from rectal varices and four from stomal varices. TIPSS was successful in nine patients. The Childs-Pugh grade of the patients was A=3, B=3 and C=4. The follow-up period ranged from 7 days to 1380 days. Rebleeding occurred in three patients, two of whom died. The remaining patient had a blocked TIPSS and successfully underwent repeat stenting which re-established patency. Four patients (Childs B=2, Childs C=2) died within 60 days. All three patients with Childs A liver disease were alive at one year. CONCLUSIONS: TIPSS can be used effectively to treat ectopic variceal bleeding. Patients with Childs grade A liver disease appear to do well with TIPSS. Those with advanced liver disease (Childs B & C) have a uniformly poor outcome. In these patients ectopic variceal hemorrhage is likely to represent a terminal event.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The management of ectopic breast cancer--case report.

Ectopic breast tissue occurs when the mammary ridge fails to resolve during embryonic development. Ectopic breasts, either supernumerary or aberrant, have an incidence of 6%. Ectopic breast tissue is however hardly mentioned in the literature. Also benign and malignant alterations in these "breasts" are under-reported. The lifetime risk of women being diagnosed with breast cancer is 13%. It should be recommended that these "breasts" be included in the screening. Due to the unawareness this is generally not happening. The present article describes a case of ectopic breast cancer and discusses therapeutic management. A subcutaneous mass along the 'milk line' should be examined carefully and any suspicious lesions should be approached according to the guidelines for the management of symptomatic breast disease. Ipsilateral prophylactic mastectomy has no role in the management of a single ectopic breast cancer tissue.

Axilla↗
PubMed2006

Heterotopic pregnancy after 2 prior ectopic pregnancies: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare occurrence, with spontaneous pregnancy often unsuspected and associated with delayed diagnosis. When previous ectopic pregnancy has been treated, future pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for ectopic pregnancy and potentially heterotopic pregnancy. Conservative treatment for ectopic pregnancy with either surgery or methotrexate leaves the patient with hope for potential future fertility, especially when assisted reproductive technology is not available. CASE: A woman who had been treated for ectopic pregnancy in both fallopian tubes presented with a spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Heterotopic pregnany may occur after treatment of previous ectopic pregnancy and may lead to a successful outcome when diagnosed and treated appropriately.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ectopic interactions of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes in the H-E system of hybrid dysgenesis].

Analysis of salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster age III larvae has demonstrated that inversions make up high percentage of aberrations induced by transposition of the hobo element. The frequency of inversions increases upon irradiation. In view of the fact that transpositions of mobile elements and irradiation can considerably affect the homology of associating regions, ectopic chromosome contacts were analysed. On the one hand, this analysis has revealed general features for all types of crosses, such as the prevalence of intrachromosomal contacts over interchromosomal ones, predominant localization of both types of contacts in telomeric regions of chromosomes and lower frequency of their occurrence on X chromosome in males as compared with females. On the other hand, the specificity of ectopic conjugation in different types of crosses has been determined. Given a constant average frequency of ectopic contacts in the D. melanogaster genome, differences in their distribution in chromosomes have been detected. Chromosomes of pure lines differ from their homologues in dysgenic hybrids by distribution of ectopic conjugation peaks and by localization of a number of unique events. On the basis of our own experiments and literature data, the role of ectopic contacts as structural formations connecting chromosome regions similar in their functional activity, rather than in nucleic-protein characteristics, is discussed.

Animals↗