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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Number versus distribution in classifying regional lymph node metastases from colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: Metastasis to regional lymph nodes from colon cancer is an important prognostic factor. In the TNM classification, node metastases are classified into three grades based on the number of metastatic nodes. In the Japanese General Rules for Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Cancer of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus (JGR), node metastases are classified into four grades based on the distribution of metastatic nodes. STUDY DESIGN: Based on the findings of node metastases in 164 patients with colon cancer obtained by the clearing method, node classifications by the JGR and TNM classifications were compared. RESULTS: The case distribution by the JGR grading was 41.5% in n (-), 29.3% in n1 (+), 18.3% in n2 (+), and 11.0% in n3 (+) disease. In the TNM classification, the distribution was 23.8% in pN1 and 34.8% in pN2 disease. The 5-year survival rate by the JGR was 98.4% in n (-), 74.3% in n1 (+), 51.2% in n2 (+), and 30.0% in n3 (+) disease; in TNM classification, this rate was 76.0% in pN1 and 45.0% in pN2 disease. CONCLUSIONS: In the classification of regional node metastases from colon cancer, the JGR classification showed a wider range in distribution and 5-year survival rate compared with the TNM system.

Cecal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Chemosensitivity testing for gastrointestinal cancer: survival benefit potential and limitations.

Chemosensitivity testing is considered by some to be a useful method for predicting drug sensitivity of tumor tissues after surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Although survival benefit is not fully established, several chemosensitivity testing methods have been used clinically, both in the selection of adjuvant therapy and in the treatment of metastatic disease. Chemosensitivity testing is used not only for determination of drug resistance, but also for determination of drug sensitivity conferring a potential survival benefit. Previous retrospective correlation studies showed survival of patients treated with a 'tested' drug to be superior to that of patients treated with a standard drug, but the clinical benefit of chemosensitivity testing in comparison to surgical therapy alone or standard chemotherapy has not been documented in a randomized controlled trial. The clinical usefulness of individualized versus standard therapy needs to be determined. Here we discuss the potential survival benefit and current limitations of chemosensitivity testing in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2007

Temporal and spatial variations of lipid droplets during adipocyte division and differentiation.

By capturing time-lapse images of primary stromal-vascular cells (SVCs) derived from rat mesenteric adipose tissue, we revealed temporal and spatial variations of lipid droplets (LDs) in individual SVCs during adipocyte differentiation. Numerous small LDs (a few micrometers in diameter) appeared in the perinuclear region at an early stage of differentiation; subsequently, several LDs grew to more than 10 microm in diameter and occupied the cytoplasm. We have developed a method for the fluorescence staining of LDs in living adipocytes. Time-lapse observation of the stained cells at higher magnification showed that nascent LDs (several 100 nm in diameter) grew into small LDs while moving from lamellipodia to the perinuclear region. We also found that adipocytes are capable of division and that they evenly distribute the LDs between two daughter cells. Immunofluorescence observations of LD-associated proteins revealed that such cell divisions of SVCs occurred even after LDs were coated with perilipin, suggesting that the "final" cell division during adipocyte differentiation occurs considerably later than that characterized in 3T3-L1 cells. Our time-lapse observations have provided a detailed account of the morphological changes that SVCs undergo during adipocyte division and differentiation.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2004

[Fatigue estimation of visual display terminal (VDT) workers by physiological data--preliminary study of a new computer program for VDT work analysis].

The methods for assessing VDT workload based on individual capabilities are necessary to evaluate general fatigue by VDT work. We have developed a new computer program for assessing data entry performance of each individual. Four healthy male volunteers conducted a data entry task at their own pace using this program under a controlled environment. They performed the task for 30 minutes twice with 10 minutes rest between them. As a result, the average number of inputs was 133.2 characters/min in the first task and 129.1 characters/min after taking the rest. The error rate was 8.6% and 10.6% in each task. This program was useful to evaluate their data entry performance. We also reported our concern with a drop in nasal skin temperature that was observed during these VDT tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Endoscopic lithotomy of common bile duct stones with sublingual nitroglycerin and guidewire.

OBJECTIVE: In 21 patients, our objective was the endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones by sphincter dilation with the application of sublingual nitroglycerin. METHODS: Nitroglycerin 0.3-0.6 mg was needed for proper dilation of the orifice and for successful cannulation of the Dormia basket into the bile duct. Cannulation of the Dormia basket was simplified by placing the guidewire in the common bile duct beforehand. Because of possible stone impaction, a mechanical lithotriptor was applied smoothly in two patients. RESULTS: Complete stone removal was successful in 18 of the 21 (86%) patients. One patient who developed a mild form of acute pancreatitis recovered in a few days by conservative management with drip infusion of protease inhibitor. Blood pressure dropped transiently in a patient receiving nitroglycerin, but the general condition of the patient was stable. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure was found to be safe, easy, and effective in extracting common bile duct stones.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Pirfenidone protects endotoxin-induced liver injury after hepatic ischemia in rats.

BACKGROUND: Pirfenidone (PFD), an experimental antifibrotic agent, was investigated for its effects on endotoxin-induced liver injury after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected at 30 minutes of reperfusion. PFD (300 mg/kg) or its vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose) was given orally following LPS administration. RESULTS: PFD prevented the increase in activities of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase after reperfusion. PFD inhibited the increase of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in serum and liver tissue. The number of neutrophils infiltrating the liver was significantly lower in the PFD-treated group than the control group. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that PFD prevents endotoxin-induced liver injury after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, in part through the decrease of neutrophil infiltration to the liver.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Portal decompression after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation with use of a spiral Z stent.

PURPOSE: An experimental swine model of acute presinusoidal portal hypertension was used to investigate the feasibility of a spiral Z stent for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and the correlation between the shunt (stent) size and degree of portal pressure decrease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve young swine were used. Acute portal hypertension was induced by means of selective injections of absolute alcohol, ethiodized oil, and polyvinyl alcohol sponge particles into intrahepatic portal branches. RESULTS: TIPS was successfully created in all swine by using spiral Z stents that were 6, 8, and 10 mm in diameter; each size stent was deployed in four animals. Being sufficiently flexible, spiral Z stents accommodated for curved shunt tracts. An average of 48% portal pressure decrease was achieved with 6-mm-diameter stents, 61% with 8-mm-diameter stents, and 87% with 10-mm-diameter stents. CONCLUSION: These results are in agreement with our clinical experience with use of Gianturco-Rösch Z stents for TIPS formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An affinity adsorbent, 5'-adenylate-aminohexyl-sepharose. II. Purification and characterization of multi-forms of RNase T2.

RNase T2 bound to an affinity adsorbent, 5'-adenylate-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B, specifically at pH 4.5. The colorless enzyme was eluted only by the simultaneous addition of 2'(3')-AMP (1 mM) and NaCl (greater than 1 M) at pH 4.5. By applying this affinity chromatography to the purification of RNase T2, pure enzyme with a specific activity of 60 was obtained in only four steps and the yield was about 10 times higher than that of the previous purification method. This enzyme preparation was found to be heterogeneous in molecular weight and was separated into two fractions on Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. As the smaller enzyme with a molecular weight of 36,000 was identical with RNase T2 in every property examined, we tentatively designated the larger one with an apparent molecular weight of 80,000 as high molecular weight RNase T2 (RNase T2-L). RNase T2-L was still heterogeneous and was separated into five fractions, RNases T2-L 1-5, by repeated Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The amino acid and carbohydrate analyses revealed that each of these fractions has a protein moiety in common with RNase T2 and the heterogeneities were due to the carbohydrate content, mainly galactose content.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed2002

Validity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire against 7-day dietary records in four seasons.

The validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was evaluated against four 7-d diet records among 23 men aged 27-70 y. Volunteer women recorded the amounts of all foods and beverages consumed by their husbands or fathers over a period of 7 d in four consecutive seasons in 1997 and 1998, and a self-administered FFQ was answered by each man after completion of the fourth diet record. The diet record was kept in accordance with the method used for Japan's National Nutrition Survey. The FFQ ascertained frequencies and amounts of consumption of rice, bread, noodles, green tea, and coffee: consumption frequency of 35 food items; and consumption frequency and amount of five alcoholic beverages. As for most nutrients and foods, mean intakes estimated by the FFQ were lower than those estimated from the diet record. Crude intake of nutrients showed fairly good agreement between the two methods in terms of Pearson's correlation coefficient (r > 0.5), except for total energy (r = 0.23), fat (r = 0.36), and vitamin A (r = 0.29). The adjustment for energy intake generally reduced the correlation; the reduction being fairly large for fat intake and vitamin A (r = 0.19 for both). There was generally good agreement for the intake of foods and beverages with exceptions for fats/oils (Spearman correlation coefficient, rs = 0.30) and other vegetables (rs = 0.35). The highest correlation was observed for alcoholic beverages (rs = 0.91), bread (rs = 0.80), and fruits (rs = 0.77). An FFQ covering a limited number of common foods may be useful in assessing the relative position of an individual's habitual consumption of foods and nutrients; however, the instrument generally underestimates absolute intake.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The ratio of serum paraoxonase/arylesterase activity using an improved assay for arylesterase activity to discriminate PON1(R192) from PON1(Q192).

Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) exists in 2 major polymorphic forms: Q (glutamine) or R (arginine) at codon 192. The PON1(192) activity polymorphism is substrate dependent. The PON1(Q192) isoform has a higher rate of in vitro hydrolysis of diazoxon, sarin, and soman, whereas the PON1(R192) isoform has higher activity for the hydrolysis of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos oxon. Both isoforms hydrolyze phenyl acetate at approximately the same rate. The present study described and evaluated a kinetic method of arylesterase activity determination with a modified fixed incubation method that used the oxidative coupling of phenol with 4-aminoantipyrine of phenyl acetate as the substrate. Our improved method shows that arylesterase activity is lower with the PON1(R192) isoform than with the PON1(Q192) isoform. The average activities of serum of individuals of a specific PON1(Q192) genotype showed higher arylesterase and lower paraoxonase activity than the PON1(R192) genotype. The ratio of paraoxonase/arylesterase activity showed a clear separation of all three PON1(192) genotypes with no overlap between the groups (QQ: < 5.0, QR: 5.0-11.0, RR: > 11.0). PCR has suggested that the PON1(192) phenotypes correspond to the PON1(192) genotypes. Therefore, when conducting epidemiological or mechanistic studies that examine the role of PON1 in organophosphorus or lipid metabolism, this ratio is more useful and informative than a PCR-based genotype alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Kinetics of rG-CSF-induced neutrophilia in mice.

To evaluate the mechanism of neutrophilia by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), kinetic studies with tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) were performed in mice. G-CSF increased the number of circulating metamyelocytes and band and segmented neutrophils after the daily injection of G-CSF. The production of neutrophils has been estimated from the number of postmitotic neutrophils and the marrow transit time of [3H]TdR-labeled neutrophils on day 4 of daily G-CSF injection. The number of postmitotic neutrophils was determined by the radioiron dilution method and by the neutrophil and erythroid ratio in bone marrow smears. The mean values for marrow postmitotic neutrophils in the G-CSF-treated group and the controls were 71 +/- 50 x 10(7) cells and 9.3 +/- 4.2 x 10(7) cells (mean +/- SD), respectively. The mean marrow transit time derived from myelocyte metamyelocyte transition time and the emergence of [3H]TdR-labeled cells into the peripheral blood was 45 h in the G-CSF group and 116 h in the controls. Thus, the daily neutrophil turnover was estimated to be 38 x 10(7) cells/day and 1.9 x 10(7) cells/day, respectively. Our results suggest that C-CSF markedly increases the neutrophil precursors and shortens the transit time in the mitotic and postmitotic pool.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of the optimum dose level of lipiodol in transcatheter arterial embolization of primary hepatocellular carcinoma based on retrospective multivariate analysis.

PURPOSE: Multivariate analysis was used to study the effectiveness and optimum dose level of Lipiodol (LP) in transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 219 cases of nodular type HCC, with a tumor diameter less than 7 cm, were studied. TAE was performed using both Gelfoam sponge (GS) and LP in 158 cases; in the remaining 61 cases only GS was used. RESULTS: Statistical stepwise variable selection revealed that only LP had a negative T-value, suggesting that LP is a useful factor for prognosis. The most favorable effect on patient prognosis was obtained with an LP dose level (expressed in mm) of 1-1.5 times the absolute value of the tumor diameter (expressed in cm). CONCLUSION: A significant difference (p < 0.01, log-rank test) in survival was found between the GS with LP group and the GS only group, using Cox's proportional hazard model.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1998

Indication for using high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer surgery. Examination of nodal metastases by the clearing method.

PURPOSE: In surgery for rectal cancer, it is unclear whether the inferior mesenteric artery should be ligated at a high or low position. The study contained herein was undertaken to clarify the indications for high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery. METHODS: Subjects included 198 patients with rectal cancer who underwent resection with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery. Nodal metastases were examined by the clearing methods. RESULTS: The incidence of metastases to the lymph nodes surrounding the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery (root nodes) was 8.6 percent. Inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases occurred more frequently with pT3 and pT4 cancer. The five-year survival rate in patients with inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases was 38.5 percent; this rate was significantly lower than in those without inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases (73.4 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Although the five-year survival rate in patients with inferior mesenteric artery root nodal metastases was lower than in those without metastases, inferior mesenteric artery root nodal dissection should be performed after high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery for patients with pT3 and pT4 cancers.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Changes in tissue oxygen tension caused by contrast media injected into the femoral artery of the dog.

PURPOSE: To document changes in tissue oxygen tension as measured directly in an area perfused with contrast medium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Changes in tissue oxygen tension in response to the injection of ionic and non-ionic contrast media into the femoral arteries were measured in the femoral adductor (proximal) and gastrocnemius (distal) muscles of 8 dogs. Amidotrizoic-acid and iopamidol were injected in two different iodine concentrations (370 mg I/ml and 185 mg I/ml respectively) and tissue oxygen tension in the proximal and distal muscles was monitored continuously using polarographic needle electrodes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A transient decrease and subsequent increase of muscle tissue oxygen tension were observed after the injection. The extent of these changes depended on the concentration and osmolality of the medium. To minimize changes in peripheral tissue oxygen tension, contrast media with low osmolality and low concentration are recommended for femoral angiography.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age correlation of the time lag in signal change on EPI-fMRI.

PURPOSE: We measured the time lags between the start or end of tasks and signal changes in functional MRI (fMRI) for various age groups and evaluated the age correlation of the time lags. METHODS: Forty subjects, 20-76 years old, were evaluated. fMRI was performed with and echo planar imaging sequence at 0.5 s intervals. We measured the time for the signal of the precentral gyrus to make a half-maximal increase after starting the task (T-inc) and the time to reach the initial level after ceasing the task (T-dec). RESULTS: Average T-inc was 3.09 s and T-dec was 6.63 s. The values of T-inc could be correlated to age. T-dec had no age correlation. CONCLUSION: The time lag in fMRI was revealed to be prolonged with increasing age. Our results suggest that the time lag in fMRI is influenced by some factors associated with aging.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Suicide during hospitalization in patients with spinal disease.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency and current status of the incidence of deaths by suicide of patients with spinal diseases during hospitalization. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It was reported that most cases of deaths by suicide during hospitalization were patients admitted to the psychiatric ward. There were no reports to the incidence of death by suicide during hospitalization in patients with spinal diseases. METHODS: Of 69,861 patients admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of 28 affiliated hospitals of our university between September 1997 and August 2002, 14,987 patients with spinal diseases were targeted for this study. We examined the number of deaths by suicide during hospitalization. RESULTS: Of the 14,987 patients with spinal diseases, there were 5 deaths (0.03%) by suicide during hospitalization. There were no deaths by suicide in 54,874 patients with orthopedic diseases other than spinal diseases. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of patients with spinal diseases, it seemed important for spinal surgeons to provide comprehensive treatment for the whole patient by paying attention to the relationship between a patient and a physician, in particular, by carefully observing the psychologic status of a patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Experiences in bereavement care for caregivers].

PURPOSE: To investigate the mental and physical changes of bereaved caregivers. METHODS: We had 5 patients under residential care (1 with prostate cancer, 3 with urinary bladder cancer and 1 bedridden patient without malignant disease) and one month and one year after their death, we visited their family to provide bereavement care. RESULTS: Before the patient's death, all caregivers were uneasy and confused. At the deathbed, all of them were filled with deep grief and prostration. One month later, unrest and fatigue were reduced, all had the satisfaction of having taken care of their patients. One year later, only grief persisted and prostration was deserved in one caregiver. CONCLUSION: We provided bereavement care to 5 caregivers. It is suggested that in some cases long-term bereavement care is necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A cadaveric study of maxillary sinus size as an aid in bone grafting of the maxillary sinus floor.

PURPOSE: This study measured maxillary sinus volume as an aid in determining graft bone volume before grafting of the maxillary sinus floor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary sinus size was measured in 32 cadavers (59 sinuses) using casts of the maxillary sinus made using dental impression material. RESULTS: Anteroposterior length, height, width, and volume of the maxillary sinus (mean+/-SD) were 30.1+/-5.65 mm, 34.6+/-7.71 mm, 25.4+/-5.71 mm, and 11.3+/-4.60 cm3, respectively. When the sinus-lift procedure was simulated, inferior sinus volumes (mean +/- SD) were 3.51+/-1.23 cm3 for a 15-mm lift and 5.66+/-1.71 cm3 for a 20-mm lift. CONCLUSIONS: In bone grafting of the maxillary sinus floor, taking into consideration individual differences in maxillary sinus volume and resorption of the grafted bone, 4.74 cm3 or more of the graft is required for a 15-mm lift, and 7.37 cm3 or more is required for a 20-mm lift.

Aged↗