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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Surgery at a regional hospital: conditions, scope and results (author's transl)].

A ten-year survey is presented of the operative procedures carried out in the Department of Surgery at a regional hospital in a rural area. The requirements to be met in this type of hospital necessitate the inclusion of bordering disciplines; obstetrics and gynaecology, for examples, belonged to our domain until 1970. Teamwork by a well-trained staff and small technical modifications of surgical procedures can combine with the favourable psychological background in such a hospital and its more personal atmosphere on account of its relatively small size to enable optimum treatment. Endoscopy is frequently employed and assumes a very important role as diagnostic tool in the absence of more sophisticated appliances. Certain findings of apparent interest, as well as noteworthy complications and the causative factors involved are discussed and compared with the literature.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1999

[The importance of laparoscopy in children].

The authors submit the evaluation of 720 laparoscopic operations performed at the Clinic of Child Surgery and Traumatology in Brno between the end of 1994 and May 1999. The group is formed by children aged 3 weeks to 18 years. The mean age was 8.4 years. The authors recorded once an early and 4 times a late complication. None of the complications were serious and did not threaten the child's health or life. With regard to ever more frequently performed acute laparoscopy the percentage of conversions (2.5%) is higher. The authors emphasize there is practically no age limit for performing this operation (32 infants and toddlers). On the other hand, perfect technical equipment and adequate training of the whole team is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A portable explosives identification kit for field use.

This study has shown the feasibility of using a miniaturized TLC kit for the presumptive identification of explosives in the field. The process of TLC field screening of a post-explosion site is nondestructive, resolves constituent explosives from interfering backgrounds, and increases the residence time of isolated specimens in the adsorbed state for subsequent substantive identification by trace methods of instrumental analyses. The cost of the modified Kodak kit for explosives identification (excluding the microscope) is approximately +150. The stock items, such as the fluorescent silica gel sheets, Cab-O-Sil, and solvents, are of nominal cost. The kit is relatively simple to use and personnel with a minimal technical background can be trained in its use.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of bone and soft tissue defects in infected nonunion.

In the treatment of infected pseudarthroses the general principles of osteitis treatment are applied. This includes radical excision of pseudarthrotic and infected bone tissue, and of diseased surrounding soft tissue. External fixation devices are the preferred method of stabilization of the bone. Based on the data of a retrospective study of 31 Papineau procedures, 65 local flap transfers, and 46 free flap transfers we found that the Papineau procedure works in minor bone and soft tissue defects. Unstable scar formation is a major disadvantage of this method. Local muscular flaps are indicated in the treatment of soft tissue defects in the proximal and medial portions of the lower leg. A prerequisite for free flap transfers is the availability of trained personnel and suitable technical equipment. The option is limited by the patient's vascular situation. This kind of tissue transfer seems to be superior to other methods. For the substitution of bone defects corticocancellous bone transplantation may be used. A promising alternative method to deal with extensive bone defects is osteogenesis produced by callus distraction.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2003

The State Laboratory of Hygiene's role in terrorism preparedness and response.

In the fall of 2001, the national public health system found itself responding to acts of terrorism. The intentional release of Bacillus anthracis spores on the East Coast tested the capacity of all state public health laboratories to respond. The impact on the public health system extended to the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH). Fortunately, participation in the National Laboratory Response Network helped the WSLH meet the challenge of 24 hour/7 days a week coverage, and subsequent federal funding increases have enabled the WSLH to expand its technical capabilities and provide training and outreach to other Wisconsin laboratories to prepare them for their roles in man-made or naturally-occurring public health emergencies.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed2004

[Invasive angiography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for coronary imaging and cardiovascular risk stratification? Regulatory and practical considerations].

In 2003, risk stratification in coronary heart disease is routinely performed by the results of coronary angiogram, the invasive gold standard angiography. Combined with the left ventricular ejection fraction assessment, the classification in one, two or three vessel disease remain the cornerstone of the revascularization strategy despite well-known limitations of this approach. Invasive coronary angiography is a mature technic with recommendations for training program and guidelines for indications. By comparison, the new noninvasive coronary imaging tools, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, are just emerging. Coronary artery MR angiography is one of the most challenging areas because of the size and topology of the coronary arteries, as well as cardiac and respiratory motion. Multidetector-row and multisclice spiral computed tomography appear of most value for the detection of coronary artery disease with an excellent negative predictive value for proximal and middle main branches. Together, MR and CT, provide unique information that may predict cardiovascular risk. They identify flow-limiting coronary stenoses and calcified plaques, directly image the atherosclerotic lesions, measure atherosclerotic burden and characterize plaque components. Nevertheless, invasive coronary angiography still remain the first step of percutaneous coronary intervention. Therefore, one of the ultimate goals for the clinicians is the identification of the high-risk patient through a combination of strategies such as assessment of conventional risk factors, blood markers, and imaging. Indifferently to the imaging tool, the treatment should consider a human being and not only a picture.

Contraindications↗
PubMed2004

[Application of the puncture biopsy in diagnosis of malignant tumors of suprarenal glands].

Possibilities of application of the fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy (FNAPB) in diagnosis of suprarenal glands tumors were studied. Of 43 patients, to whom FNAPB was performed, in 27 the suprarenal gland tumor was diagnosed, in 11--renal tumor, in 5--the puncture biopsy material occurred noninformative. Of 27 patients with tumor of suprarenal gland in 15 it was malignant, in 11--benign adenoma and cyst of suprarenal gland were revealed. FNAPB of the suprarenal gland tumor is a safe, informative and in some situations curative method. FNAPB is recommended for diagnosis of primarily revealed tumors of suprarenal glands more than 2 cm in diameter. The procedure should be performed by specially trained physician, who determines technical conditions of its conduction by himself and possesses the method o fultrasonography. Data of cytological investigationspermits to differentiate benign and malignant tumor, to determine the tumor type, what constitutes diagnostic background for the tactic choice of surgical intervention and the disease prognosis.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

[The role of a specialised risk analysis group in the Veterinary Services of a developing country].

Since the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures was established, risk analysis in trade, and ultimately in Veterinary and Animal Health Services, has become strategically important. Irrespective of their concept (discipline, approach, method, process), all types of risk analysis in trade involve four periods or phases:--risk identification-- risk assessment--risk management--risk information or communication. All veterinarians involved in a risk analysis unit must have in-depth knowledge of statistics and the epidemiology of transmissible diseases, as well as a basic knowledge of veterinary science, economics, mathematics, data processing and social communication, to enable them to work with professionals in these disciplines. Many developing countries do not have enough well-qualified professionnals in these areas to support a risk analysis unit. This will need to be rectified by seeking strategic alliances with other public or private sectors that will provide the required support to run the unit properly. Due to the special nature of its risk analysis functions, its role in supporting decision-making, and the criteria of independence and transparency that are so crucial to its operations, the hierarchical position of the risk analysis unit should be close to the top management of the Veterinary Service. Due to the shortage of personnel in developing countries with the required training and scientific and technical qualifications, countries with organisations responsible for both animal and plant health protection would be advised to set up integrated plant and animal risk analysis units. In addition, these units could take charge of all activities relating to WTO agreements and regional agreements on animal and plant health management.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Vertebroplasty - a new treatment for vertebral compression fractures.

BACKGROUND: The lifetime risk of a vertebral body compression fracture is 16% for women and 5% for men. Vertebroplastyn involves the injection of artificial bone cement and an opacifier into the inter-trabecular marrow space of the fractured vertebra. OBJECTIVE: This article describes vertebroplasty as a treatment of vertebral compression fractures. DISCUSSION: Treatment for vertebral compression fractures regardless of aetiology has been largely conservative and directed toward pain control. Vertebroplasty has gained popularity since 1987 for treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty is a safe, effective, and cost effective procedure when performed in an appropriate technical environment by adequately trained interventional radiologists.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1992

A clinical laboratory management elective for pathology residents.

Many practicing pathologists, particularly those in private settings, function as managers. Their responsibilities may not only involve directing the successful activities of laboratory personnel, but often require a level of accountability to hospital administrators or business managers. Traditional training programs focus on technical competency and devote little time, if any, to preparing their graduates for the management aspects of their careers. In response to this need, a 1-month elective was designed for senior pathology residents at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City. The cumulative experiences of a large academic pathology department and its successful commercial laboratory venture provided a real-world supplement to a curriculum founded in basic business management principles.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The statistics on malignant neoplasms of the urinary and male genital organs in 1987 in the USSR].

The USSR statistics on malignant neoplastic diseases of the urinary system and male sexual organs which comprised 5.7 per cent in the total mortality was presented for the first time. More than a 50 per cent increment in the death rate from these tumors was documented between 1975 and 1987. Annually, prostatic carcinoma is diagnosed in almost 10 thousand patients and cancer of the urinary bladder in 15 thousand patients. Maximal prevalence of the disease has been recorded in the Baltic republics, the Ukraine and Byelorussia. The detection rate of the aforementioned diseases, Stages I-II, is about 40 per cent. The estimate revealed that the total number of the registered oncological patients was 100 thousand persons. The problems in organization of the oncological care system, material and technical supplies and professional training should be considered.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Results of cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation in the area of surgical intensive care].

In intensive care units specially trained staff and sophisticated technical equipment are confronted with extremely critically ill patients. In this patient population multiple organ failure is mostly established thus requiring application of all therapeutic facilities. During a study period of 40 months in 203 (86.4%) out of 235 patients with cardiac arrest a decision not to resuscitate ("DNR order") was made. In 32 patients cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted. Although spontaneous circulation could be maintained for at least 12 hours in 40.6% (13 patients), 6 died within the first day and 3 other patients died during the first week. Only 4 patients resuscitated could be discharged. Our data suggest that, despite further development of technical and therapeutic methods, the underlying disease has to be considered as the limitation of long-term survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Centralized hospital care for the critically ill.

The remarkably effective techniques now available for preserving vital functions in critically ill or injured patients were essentially unknown only 20 years ago. Resuscitation and protracted support of organ function by the use of ventilators, pacemakers, renal dialysis machines, and other potent devices were incentives for the development of critical care facilities. Special care units evolved to facilitate application of these lifesaving techniques. The first of these were postoperative and general intensive care units, followed more recently by units for respiratory, cardiac, and coronary care and for renal dialysis and shock. In most instances such specialty units have funcitoned separately and largely independently of one another. We now recognize opportunities for pooling resources and amalgamating critical care units into facilities physically and administratively closer to a larger critical care service. This underlies the concept of a center for the critically ill which makes it possible to expand the use of available beds, qualified staff, instrumentation, and supplies. Equally important, such an arrangement supports the team approach to patient care, nowhere more urgently needed than in the management of the critically ill patient, who usually has multisystemic disease or injury. Basic to this arrangement is our most recent recognition that there are no fundamental differences between medical and surgical patients, or between cardiac and pulmonary patients. At the same time, we recognize that critical care is a 24-hour-per-day, 7-day-per-week hospital service by well-trained physicians, nurses, and technical personnel who are prepared to take incisive action at the bedside to sustain vital functions.

Coronary Care Units↗
PubMed1983

Religion and religious studies in health care and health education.

Throughout history religion and medicine have been closely intertwined. This essay outlines some of the bases for cooperation between religious studies and the education and practice of allied health professionals. Four themes are identified in which religious perspectives encourage critical scrutiny of values and assumptions that shape health care: (1) definitions of health and sickness; (2) the relation of health as a human value to other human values; (3) attitudes toward the aged, incurable, deformed, or retarded individual; and (4) attitudes toward nature. Three areas are discussed in which religious studies may make specific contributions to the allied health curriculum: (1) preparing students for the encounter with pluralism; (2) supplying an existential focus on the experience of illness to supplement the technical focus of professional training; and (3) emphasizing the common humanity that links patient and health care provider.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Curettage and shave excision. A tissue-saving technic for primary cutaneous carcinoma worthy of inclusion in graduate training programs.

Curettage and electrodesiccation, the customary treatment for primary basal and squamous cell carcinomas, lacks histologic control and standardization. A review of the literature cites these factors as potential causes for undesirable recurrence rates, especially in cosmetically sensitive areas. Curettage and shave excision offers histologic control, yet with no more sacrifice of normal tissue than curettage and electrodesiccation. An experimental study with 100 patients is described in which curettage and shave excision was used, instead of curettage and electrodesiccation, to treat primary carcinomas 1.0 cm or less. It is suggested that curettage and shave excision, while simple in concept, requires formal training and warrants consideration for inclusion into graduate training programs as an alternative effective treatment for primary carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Animal surgery: an adjunct to training in obstetrics and gynecology.

A resident in obstetrics and gynecology obtains adequate experience in basic gynecologic surgery during a 3-year training program, but the technical skill acquired in surgery of the bowel, bladder, ureters, and pelvic vessels is limited by the clinical material available. A program is described in which 3 animal models (dog, rabbit, cat) were used to expand the surgical skills of gynecology residents. The increased surgical competence and professional stimulation provided the residents by this program are shown to be both cost- and time-effective.

Animals↗