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PubMed1992

The association between occlusion and attrition.

The purpose of this study was to identify variables of malocclusion that might be associated with attrition and then to quantify the relationship between these variables and attrition. The results of this study indicate that, with all other factors held constant, a patient's attrition score tends to: increase with age, increase with bite depth, decrease initially with overjet until a critical value and then increase, and be unaffected by sex, interincisal angle, U1 to NA angle, Angle classification, posterior or anterior cross bites. Further, we discuss the statistical treatment of data of this kind and emphasize the importance of a professional approach to analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Root exposure in the primary dentition studied in human skulls.

The aims of the present study were to examine, on the primary dentition of 75 human dried skulls, the distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest, and to evaluate its relation to developmental age, bone morphology and attrition. The measurements from the CEJ to the alveolar crest were longer for the maxillary teeth, the second molars showed the shortest measurements, while the cuspids showed the longest. Significant positive partial correlations were found between age and the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest when controlling for attrition (r = 0.64), and between age and attrition when controlling for the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar bone crest (r = 0.54). The partial correlation between migration and attrition when controlling for age proved to be not significant (r = 0.13). Significant correlations were found between age and the distances from the mental foramen to: the alveolar crest (r = 0.90), and to the lower border of the mandible (r = 0.97). These findings suggest that root exposure takes place in the primary dentition, as the result of continuous eruption at a faster rate than formation of alveolar bone, presumably to compensate for facial growth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Dental factors associated with temporomandibular joint sounds.

Dental factors commonly associated with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were investigated in a group of nonpatients. A highly sensitive technique was used to establish the presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds. In a discriminant analysis nonworking side interferences, attrition, molar contacts, horizontal range of jaw movement, and morphologic occlusion contributed significantly to the prediction of sounds. Further study of morphologic aspects of the joint and stress-related parafunctions may contribute to the understanding of the development of TMJ sounds. We concluded that TMJ sounds are a fairly common sign associated with mild deviations in certain morphologic and functional aspects of the stomatognathic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Extensive caries in early man circa 110,000 years before present.

The example of Rhodesian man, who was approximately 35 years at time of death, had severe caries but physiologically adaptive attrition and periodontal status. Hypoplasia was not evident. Extensive caries seems to have occurred in the absence of modern bacterial strains and refined carbohydrates. It is suggested that the dentition was highly susceptible to caries because of a deficiency in elemental composition. Of the teeth examined, only the central incisors were free of caries and apparently resistant to disease. It is postulated that, as dental disease progressed, the Rhodesian man's diet changed and his techniques and abilities in processing food developed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Sex- and age-related differences in primary and secondary dentin formation.

Clinical studies carried out on dentin thickness in adults, as well as experimental studies carried out on ovariectomized animals, indicate that odontoblast activity, like that of osteoblastic cells, differs in the two sexes. To examine the evidence for differences in odontoblast activity before puberty, we have measured dentin thickness and other crown dimensions from bitewing radiographs of the lower first molars in 240 children aged 4-16 years. The radiographs were obtained from pedodontic clinics throughout Israel. Only teeth without caries or fillings were used, and the study population had minimal attrition. The results showed that dentin thickness, measured on the roof of the pulp chamber, was significantly greater in boys than in girls at all ages, and that the differences increased during puberty. The differences remained highly significant even when standardized for crown size. They demonstrate that dimorphism in dentin thickness is present even in the earliest stages of odontogenesis and increase with puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A study of dentition in pre-Columbian skulls.

Dentition in pre-Hispanic Mexican skulls has been examined in ancient Tenochtitlan--present-day Mexico City--and many different regions of the country, recently excavated. We have reached the conclusion that then, as now, there existed similar dental anomalies in number and position: the lack of certain teeth and the impaction of third molars and upper canines. So far, we have found decay only in back teeth Figs. 11 and 12 A and B). Most frequent was attrition, the severe wearing away of the chewing surface, which must certainly have been due to the primitive diet of seed, hard and dry, mixed with some abrasive material, produced by the grinding of stone against stone (metate) (Figs. 13 and 14) and the use of the teeth as tools. Finally, we should emphasize that we still find shovel-shaped teeth in the pre-Columbian dentition of Mongoloid influence, as well as in some of the present-day Mexican population.

Africa↗
PubMed1991

Adaptability of the adult primate craniofacial complex to asymmetrical lateral forces.

The adaptability of the adult craniofacial skeleton to altered functional relationships has been reported. An experimental quantification of these changes is lacking, however, and the possible underlying mechanisms of the alterations have not been explained. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect that lateral displacement of the mandible has on the dentoalveolar, craniofacial, and neuromuscular system in the adult rhesus monkey. Ten adult monkeys were studied; five served as controls, three were fitted with bilaterally inclined mandibular splints designed to deviate the mandible toward the left on closure, and two animals had flat splints to provide even occlusal contact. Pretreatment and posttreatment assessment of dentoalveolar and craniofacial change was made from mounted study casts, cephalometric head films, electromyograms and computed tomograms. Axial computed tomographic scans were used to evaluate potential changes in bone density at the lower part of the mandible, the condyle, the coronoid process, the neck of the condyle, and the zygomatic arch by means of a one-way analysis of variance. Changes in the measured variables were not observed in the control animals or in the animals with flat splints. Animals with inclined splints, however, demonstrated attrition and intrusion of maxillary molars and mild proclination of the maxillary incisors. Posttreatment computed tomographic scans in these animals showed significantly increased bone density in the right coronoid process (p less than 0.05) and bilaterally at the necks of the condyles (p less than 0.005). Resting electromyographic activity remained low and was not significantly different among the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Five-year longitudinal study of adolescents with intact and restored dentitions: signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and functional recordings.

Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and functional recordings were re-examined in subjects, 19-21 years of age, 5 years after the first examination. Thirty-seven subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F), 13 subjects with previously intact dentitions had had fillings in their teeth during the follow-up period (group FI), and 14 subjects had intact dentitions at both examinations (group I). In agreement with the first examination, the subjects with restored dentitions had a higher degree and frequency of TMD than the subjects with intact teeth. Most of the symptoms were mild, but more severe symptoms were reported by the subjects in group F, and female subjects in group F had more signs than male subjects. The subjects who had received fillings during the follow-up period (group FI) constituted a group intermediate between group F and group I with regard to signs and symptoms of TMD. Frequent parafunction and more attrition were more common in group F. Together with the finding of increased muscle tenderness, this indicates more functional activity in restored dentitions. Correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between occlusal factors and TMD. The findings of this study are consistent with those of the earlier investigation. Dental filling therapy appears to be an aetiological factor in TMD worthy of more consideration and more extensive research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Facet pattern in intact and restored dentitions of young adults. A comparative study.

The attritional dental pattern was studied clinically and on plaster casts in a group of individuals, 17-22 years old, with intact teeth and in a control group with a 'normal' distribution of dental restorations. The following observations were made: 1) all contact areas between occluding teeth exhibited facets; 2) most facets were located on inclines; 3) facets in the fossa bottom occurred oftenest in the control group and often involved fillings; 4) attritional facets on the distal marginal crest of the lower second molars were oftenest found in the control group; 5) denuded dentin in facets occurred oftenest in the control group; and 6) the number of facets and the worn areas were on an average largest in the control group. The findings in this study indicate a difference in the functional activity between the groups and support the hypothesis that dental fillings can induce changes in the neuromuscular pattern of the masticatory system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Development of sensory innervation in dentin.

We have labeled dental nerves of 3-week- to 1-year-old rats by axonal transport of radioactive protein in order to detect nerves in developing dentin by autoradiography. We found that, in addition to nerve growth, two processes determine adult dentinal nerve location: (1) enclosure of nerves within circumpulpal dentinal tubules during the last few weeks of dentinogenesis, beginning at the tip of the pulp horn and spreading to include most coronal dentin; and (2) gradual loss of the nerves near the tip of the cusp because of dentinal attrition and replacement by noninnervated, reparative dentin. Several days before a molar erupts, nerves at the tip of the cusp have already begun to be enclosed by dentin; 2-3 weeks later, when dentinogenesis at the cusp tip slows down, most of the innervation for that region has been established, nerves extend up to 160 micron into dentin, and the molar has reached the stage of functional occlusion. Soon after initial occlusion, the process of dentinal attrition and replacement by noninnervated reparative dentin begins; however, simultaneous dentinogenesis in more apical regions produces new innervated dentin. We studied nerve position in relation to dentin growth lines and found that there is a long-term association of nerve endings with specific sites in the dentinal tubules. The similarities between the development of dentinal innervation in rat molars and in human permanent teeth are discussed; it is found that as teeth mature and become more sensitive to painful stimuli, the density of dentinal nerves increases.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Development and evolution of the helicoidal plane of dental occlusion.

The helicoidal plane of dental occlusion is a composite feature involving axial inclination of teeth and effects of dental attrition. Recent studies disagree on its distribution and significance in hominoid primates. The distribution, development, and functional basis of the helicoidal plane are investigated here, based on quantitative analysis of dental morphology and attrition in 667 human and 60 chimpanzee dentitions. Helicoidal planes are nearly universal in the human and chimpanzee dentitions studied. Increasing axial inclination of molars from M1 to M3 is primarily responsible for the helicoidal plane, although attrition acts to increase its expression. In hominoids, increased molar axial tilt appears to be associated with facial shortening and dental reduction. Population and species comparisons suggest a functional relationship with cranial structure. Progressive axial tilt of molars producing a helicoidal plane is found consistently in mammals with cheek teeth positioned partly under the cranium, as in hominids, pongids, some cebids, macropodids, ursids, and sciurids. Facial shortening is an important trend in hominid evolution and axial inclination of molars might be expected to show progressive change from Australopithecus afarensis to recent Homo sapiens.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Periodontal disease in the prehistoric Ipiutak and Tigara skeletal remains from Point Hope, Alaska.

Two large groups of prehistoric Eskimo skeletons from Point Hope, Alaska, were evaluated for dental wear and several measures of periodontal disease. Occlusal attrition was found to increase steadily with increasing age. Crown height decreased proportionately. Assessing periodontal disease by inspecting apparent alveolar recession was judged ineffective due to possible supereruption. Infrabony pockets, the result of severe localized periodontal disease indicated that in Ipiutak people between the ages of 25 and 30, and Tigara people between 35 and 40, more dental sites were affected by periodontal disease than were not. This suggests a cultural, genetic, or dietary difference between the two groups. Male/female differences were slight in all parameters studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Dentistry in ancient mesopotamia.

Sumer, an empire in ancient Mesopotamia (southern Iraq), is well known as the cradle of our modern civilization and the home of biblical Abraham. An analysis of skeletal remains from cemeteries at the ancient cities of Ur and Kish (circa 2000 B.C.), show a genetically homogeneous, diseased, and short-lived population. These ancient Mesopotamians suffered severe dental attrition (95 percent), periodontal disease (42 percent), and caries (2 percent). Many oral congenital and neoplastic lesions were noted. During this period, the "local dentists" knew only a few modern dental techniques. Skeletal (dental) evidence indicates that the population suffered from chronic malnutrition. Malnutrition was probably caused by famine, which is substantiated in historic cuneiform and biblical writings, geologic strata samples, and analysis of skeletal and forensic dental pathology. These people had modern dentition but relatively poor dental health. The population's lack of malocclusions, caries, and TMJ problems appear to be due to flat plane occlusion.

History of Dentistry↗
PubMed1977

A comparative study on the dental health status of five precolumbian Peruvian cultures.

In a survey of dental health status of ancient Southern Peru, 101 skeletal remains were studied from five cultures: Paracas, Nazca, Tiahuanaco, Ica, and Inca. The Paracas and Ica cultures exhibited more missing antemortem teeth per mandible than the other cultures. Frequency of missing one or more third molars was less than expected and not as high as reported in peoples of Mongoloid heritage. The Paracas, Ica and Nazca, "coastal" cultures had a higher caries incidence than the "inland" cultures. Whether this relates to some difference in diet or water supply remains unresolved and warrants further investigation. Moderate attrition was noted in all the Precolumbian cultures but pulpal involvement was not observed. Osteitis, noted in all the cultures, was more pronounced in the Nazca, Paracas and Ica cultures. There appeared to be a direct relationship between caries involvement and the number of missing antemortem teeth to osteitis. Calculus was heavier in the Paracas and Ica cultures. In addition, the Paracas culture exhibited a dark brown stain on the teeth which may imply some difference between the cultures in either the food, water or social habits.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1999

[Comparative studies of two different systems for bonding composites with tissue of the tooth].

The objective of studies was the clinical evaluation concerning the influence of the bonding systems Syntac and Gluma exerted on the quality of compositive fillings in various types of defects in humans, in comparison to fillings, in which Compa Bond resin was used. The question was studied to answer whether there were any significant differences in respect of the assessed parameters between fillings by Syntac system and the fillings by Gluma system with preservation and marginal adaptation being taken into consideration. The studies were performed on 98 patients of both sexes, therein 56 women and 42 men. The assessment included 248 classified fillings, namely: 82 of Tetric material, 78 of Pekalux material and 88 of C-Fill MH and C-Molar materials. The fillings were estimated directly after placement, as well as after 6, 12, and 24 months, under artificial light by making use of dental mirror, a probe and an optic device (magnifying glass of fivefold magnification), on the basis of own card of investigations for compositive fillings. The dental pulp reaction to thermic simuli and faradic current was also taken into account. Fillings classified by grades 0 degree and 1 degree were defined as clinically acceptable, while 2 degrees and 3 degrees as clinically unacceptable. The statistical analysis was carried out by means of Chi 2 test. The number of Tetric and Pekalux materials fillings lost after 24 months of studies was substantially lower than the number of lost fillings made of C-Fill MH and C-Molar materials. The loss only concerned defects of non-carious origin, namely wedge shaped defects and pathological attrition of teeth (Tab. 1 and Tab. 2). The fillings by Syntac system are characterized by better marginal adaptation as compared with fillings, wherein the Gluma system was applied, however, no statistically significant differences between these groups were disclosed (Tab. 3). Significant differences were found to appear between the groups, of fillings, in which use was made of bonding systems Syntac and Gluma on the one hand, and the fillings set up by Compa Bond resin on the other. Assessing the colour, smoothness of surface and the anatomical shape of the fillings after 24 months no essential differences between the studied material groups were revealed. Secondary caries and post-procedural sensitivity involved only the cases, in which Compa Bond resin and C-Fill MH material were employed. After 24 months of studies the percentage of clinically acceptable fillings claimed to be as follows: Tetric 93.51%, Pekalux 91.55%, C-Fill MH and C-Molar 75.36%. Thus, it was disclosed that there were significantly more clinically acceptable fillings made of Tetric and Pekalux materials than of C-Fill MH and C-Molar materials. The Syntac and Gluma systems exerted significant influence on better preservation and marginal adaptation of fillings mainly in defects of non carious origin, in comparison to the fillings in which the conventional Compa Bond resin was being used. In cases, wherein Syntac and Gluma systems were applied, no post-procedural hypersensitivity was recorded. This ailment was evidenced in 4.5% of cases after implementing Compa Bond resin.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1998

Dental problems associated with hypophosphataemic vitamin D resistant rickets.

OBJECTIVE: To review a series of cases of hypophosphataemic vitamin D resistant rickets. SUBJECTS INCLUDED: Seventeen cases, aged between 2 years 1 month and 15 years 9 months at first referral, and with an established diagnosis of vitamin D resistant rickets from twelve families were included in the review. Information was drawn from patient records for follow-up periods between 9 months and 20 years 4 months. SETTING: All subjects had been referred to the Eastman Dental Hospital between 1973 and 1997. FINDINGS: Abscessed non-carious primary and/or permanent teeth were a presenting feature in eleven of the seventeen cases. Although attrition and exposure of the abnormally formed dentine accounted for the route of infection in primary teeth, the route for microbial invasion of pulpal tissues in permanent teeth remained unexplained in a number of patients. The possible part played by infractures of the enamel as a portal of entry for infection is discussed. Enamel defects were observed in only six patients, in three of whom these changes were limited to the primary dentition. Taurodontism of permanent molar teeth was confirmed as a feature of the condition in the more severely affected male subjects.

Abscess↗
PubMed1997

Non-invasive computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction of the dentition of a 2,800-year-old Egyptian mummy exhibiting extensive dental disease.

A second CT scan of the mummy Djedmaatesankh, which is housed in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, has been undertaken after an interval of some 15 years. The image data set of her dentition and the associated tissues acquired from 3 mm thick x 3 mm spacing slices was transferred to an ISG Allegro work station where two-dimensional reformats and three-dimensional reconstructions were produced. This non-invasive examination provided information on dental disease that is, in a number of respects, an advance on that which previously could be obtained from mummies by the traditional methods of visual inspection after unwrapping and by two-dimensional radiography. The two- and three-dimensional images reveal that: three molars are missing and the right maxillary canine is impacted; the rest of the dentition is afflicted by severe attrition, caries and periodontal disease; and, of the 28 teeth present in the mouth, 24 exhibit exposure of their dental pulps and 18 are afflicted by periapical lesions including five that could have contributed to a large secondarily infected radicular cyst. The cyst have displaced the maxillary antrum and enlarged the maxilla on its lateral aspect and the vault of the palate on its medial aspect. Pus from the cyst may have drained through five different sinuses. In life, Djedmaatesankh's widespread dental infection probably caused her considerable pain, personal distress and malaise, and possibly resulted in her death.

Cuspid↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of bruxism in children receiving treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate reported bruxism among children affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty children diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy age and gender matched controls participated in the study. All subjects were examined for dental attrition, and the parents were asked for signs and symptoms of bruxism in their children using a questionnaire. Prevalence of oral parafunction was evaluated comparing ADHD children taking medications, ADHD children not taking medications, and controls. Subjects affected by ADHD and pharmacologically treated showed higher occurrence of bruxism compared to subjects affected by ADHD not taking medicines and controls; and within the ADHD group taking medications, CNS-stimulants have been associated with such side effect more frequently than the other drugs.

Adolescent↗