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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Basic studies for the development of anticancer, antidementia, and taste modifier drugs].

We developed various types of differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing agents against tumor cells and also studied the function and structure of synucleins and taste modifiers. Differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing agents are classified into DNA-damaging agents, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitors, agents affecting the redox states of tumor cells, agents affecting signal transduction pathways, isoprenoid compounds, and ATP-noncompetitive tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These include camptothecin, etoposide, cisplatin, transplantin, bufalin, arsenic trioxide, costunolide, C(2)- ceramide, daidzein, geranylgeranylacetone, geranylgeraniol, vitamin K(2), sophoranone, and beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin. The mechanisms of action of these differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing agents are described. The structure and function of synucleins are also reviewed for the development of potential antidementia agents. In addition, the structures of three purified taste modifiers are described.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Predominant role of the chorda tympani nerve in the maintenance of the taste pores: the influence of gustatory denervation in ear surgery.

The effect on the taste pores of denervation of the chorda tympani nerve in the middle-ear cavity was studied comparing confocal laser microscopy with lingual nerve resection. Taste pore cells were stained for actin with rhodamine-phalloidin and positive fluorescence was observed as a ring shape at the transverse cross sections. Within three days after chorda tympani nerve resection the ring reaction disappeared, although the pore morphology remained intact as seen by scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, lingual nerve resection did not induce such rapid disappearance of the ring reaction. These results suggest that the chorda tympani nerve plays a predominant role in the maintenance of actin filaments in taste pore cells.

Actins↗
PubMed2003

Atypical keratosis obturans.

Keratosis obturans is a rare condition characterized by the accumulation of desquamated keratin material in the bony portion of the external auditory canal. Classically, it is reported to present with severe otalgia, conductive deafness and global widening of the canal. A case of keratosis obturans is described in which the principal symptom was a metallic taste and the main finding was extensive erosion of the hypotympanum with exposure of the facial nerve and the annulus of the tympanic membrane. This presenting symptom and resorption pattern are atypical of keratosis obturans and have not been documented previously.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A study of chorda tympani nerve injury and related symptoms following middle-ear surgery.

This is a prospective study that looks into the prevalence of chorda tympani nerve (CTN) injury and related symptoms following varying degrees of trauma to the nerve during three common types of middle-ear operation: myringoplasty, tympanotomy and mastoidectomy. The number of patients with CTN-related symptoms varied widely between the three groups. Increased occurrence of the nerve related symptoms and a prolonged recovery time were observed in the tympanotomy group. Stretching of the nerve produced more symptomatic cases than cutting it in the myringoplasty and mastoidectomy groups. Recovery was complete in 92 percent of the symptomatic patients by 12 months. It is important to inform patients about the possibility of CTN injury during middle-ear operations, and it should also be emphasized that symptoms related to CTN injury can occur irrespective of the type of damage to the nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Dental considerations and treatment of the oncology patient receiving radiation therapy.

As many as 400,000 out of 1 million patients newly diagnosed with cancer may develop oral complications. The trend toward people's maintaining their teeth longer coupled with the rising age of the population suggest that dentists frequently may be treating patients with cancer, and should be informed about aspects of their oncologic care that will affect their oral health. This article highlights some of the important clinical considerations and offers guidelines for treating patients receiving radiation therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

The physiology, medical management and oral implications of menopause.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 36 million women in the United States are in the postmenopausal phase of life. The vast majority of these women experienced spontaneous cessation of menses between the ages of 47 and 55 years when the production of estrogen decreased because of an inadequate number of functioning follicles within their ovaries. Fewer women entered menopause after surgical removal of both ovaries. This procedure usually is performed prophylactically to prevent ovarian cancer in conjunction with a hysterectomy, which is required to treat abnormal bleeding, endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. The physiological changes associated with spontaneous or surgical menopause cause some women to experience uncomfortable symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats and vaginal dryness. In addition, estrogen deprivation arising from menopause in association with age-related factors disproportionately increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (that is, myocardial infarct, stroke), osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease and oral disease. Hormone replacement therapy, or HRT (estrogen or estrogen and progestin), often is prescribed on a short-term basis to alleviate the uncomfortable symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency and on a long-term basis to prevent some of the chronic illnesses common to postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists who treat women entering menopause need to consider the stressful phase of life their patients are experiencing. Clinical findings of postmenopausal problems on dental examination may include a paucity of saliva, increased dental caries, dysesthesia, taste alterations, atrophic gingivitis, periodontitis and osteoporotic jaws unsuitable for conventional prosthetic devices or dental implants. Panoramic dental radiographs may reveal calcified carotid artery atheromas. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists have an opportunity to refer women who are not under the care of a gynecologist for an evaluation to determine the appropriateness of HRT for its systemic and oral health benefits.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2004

Medications' impact on oral health.

BACKGROUND: Over-the-counter and prescription drugs are used frequently, in large quantities and by many adults, particularly by those older than 65 years of age. A number of medications (prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins and minerals, herbal preparations) can affect oral health. With the population's aging, and as more drugs become available, dentists can expect to encounter medication-related oral side effects among their patients. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The author reviewed studies that ranged from case reports to randomly controlled, double-blinded studies. However, in view of the subject matter, the majority of findings are based on case reports. CONCLUSIONS: Since many patients regularly take medications, both prescribed and nonprescribed, dentists always must take a thorough medical history so that they can be aware of medication-related problems and the impact of medications on diagnosis and treatment planning. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists must be aware of the potential oral tissue complications that medications can create and develop appropriate treatment plans for their patients that consider the oral health impact of the medications they take.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Captopril: an update review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in congestive heart failure.

Captopril is the first angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for oral administration. In combination with continued digitalis and diuretic therapy it has been demonstrated to be effective in the management of severe heart failure refractory to optimal digitalis, diuretic and, in many patients, vasodilator treatment. Most studies to date have been open trials of several weeks or months duration, but a number of patients have received continued treatment, with sustained benefit, for up to 1 year or more. A placebo-controlled trial in a limited number of patients with less severe heart failure has confirmed the results of open trials. Captopril administration improves cardiac performance as a result of a reduction in systemic vascular resistance (afterload) and the various determinants of left ventricular filling pressure (preload). Improvements in exercise tolerance and functional classification, with associated reduction of clinical symptomatology, occur with simultaneous decreases in myocardial oxygen consumption. At present, captopril is worthy of a trial in patients refractory to more traditional medical management. Whether it should be considered a 'first-line' agent after failure of optimal digitalis and diuretic therapy, and before instituting other vasodilator therapy, is less clear. In patients with severe or resistant heart failure, a response to captopril is usually accompanied by a general improvement in the quality of life. The effect of captopril treatment on 1- and 2-year survival rates in patients with severe heart failure appears similar to that reported for other vasodilators. Most patients tolerate captopril treatment well, but hypotension, reduced renal function, skin rash, dysgeusia, and neutropenia have been reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Zopiclone. An update of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia.

Zopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic which was first reviewed in Drugs in 1986. At that time, zopiclone had shown hypnotic efficacy superior to that of placebo, but had not been extensively compared with benzodiazepine hypnotics in patients with insomnia. A much larger body of clinical data is now available, allowing a more detailed evaluation than was previously possible. Together with results from earlier studies, subsequent clinical trials have shown that zopiclone is generally at least as effective as the benzodiazepines (regardless of duration of action) in the treatment of insomnia, although comparisons between zopiclone and flurazepam have produced inconsistent results. Tolerance to the effects of zopiclone was not seen in short term clinical trials (< or = 4 weeks); data from longer term studies are conflicting and the potential for tolerance during long term zopiclone treatment is therefore unclear. Zopiclone has a relatively low propensity to cause residual clinical effects (such as difficulty in waking or reduced morning concentration). Rebound of insomnia to a level below that at baseline can occur after withdrawal of zopiclone, but, on the basis of data from short term studies, does not appear to be common. Data from prescription-event monitoring suggest that zopiclone does not have a high dependence potential (at least in those who are not regular drug abusers/addicts). Zopiclone is well tolerated in both the elderly and younger patients with insomnia. A bitter aftertaste is usually the most common adverse event, but is relatively infrequent (3.6% in the largest available postmarketing study). Thus, zopiclone is now firmly established as an effective and well tolerated hypnotic agent. Although the available data on rebound insomnia and dependence liability are encouraging, potential differences between zopiclone and the benzodiazepines in these respects may have little clinical relevance in the context of short term intermittent use of hypnotics, as it currently recommended. A low propensity for rebound insomnia and dependence might prove valuable during long term hypnotic therapy (which, although not recommended, is a clinical reality). However, the risk-benefit profile of zopiclone in this context remains unknown. Nevertheless, zopiclone is clearly a suitable alternative to the benzodiazepines for the short term treatment of insomnia.

Azabicyclo Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Leukemia case in patient with taste dysfunction.

A blood examination was carried out in order to assess the serum zinc level in a patient with taste dysfunction. A blood cell count was also performed simultaneously and promyelocytic leukemia was identified. This case provides an example of leukemia being detected at the time of a blood test being given to assess taste dysfunction.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Morphometric evaluation of the human tractus solitarius.

We measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the human tractus solitarius (HTS) with the help of an image-analyzer system on a cross section of the upper part of the medulla oblongata in 44 Japanese cadavers (22 males and 22 females) and examined the relationship between age, sex and whether the subjects were dentulous or edentulous. The results showed no significant differences between the left and right sides of the HTS in either male or female subjects. However, the size of HTS decreased slightly with age in males but not at all in females, whereas tooth loss had a definite incidence on the size of HTS in females but not in male, as the CSA was smaller in edentulous females but not in edentulous males. This would tend to indicate that a decreases in taste function is connected with the aging process in male, and with tooth loss in females.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Electrical activity in dental amalgam of submerged divers during welding.

Divers performing underwater manual metal arc welding/cutting (UMMA) have complained about a metallic taste phenomenon. In several dives with voluntary leakage in their diving suits, potential alterations in dental amalgam were registered when they performed UMMA. Polarization resistance values were obtained for the test amalgam cylinders used and the diver's dental restorations. These values, along with the recorded potential values of the amalgam test cylinders and of the diver's dental restorations, enabled us to calculate the depolarizing current, using the law of Ohm. The current depolarizing the amalgam test cylinder did not differ significantly from the mean intermetallic currents between the dental restorations. The clinical effect of intraoral currents when performing UMMA welding should be regarded as small, whereas considerably higher currents should not be ruled out in an intense cutting situation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental ageusia.

By administering acetyl-homocysteine and D-Penicillamine to the guinea pig, ageusia and hipogeusia respectively were obtained. Copper concentration was estimated in serum, saliva, liver, salivary glands, muscle, heart and tongue. A significant decrease in the concentration of this metal in the liver was observed and a slight increase in the rest (average values). The results were similar for both drugs. We believe that copper does not play any role in the taste process. The fact that this and other metals restore taste would indicate that those metals bind the SH groups of the drugs and that they are probably responsible for the ageusia.

Ageusia↗
PubMed1976

Post-yersinotic Reiter's disease in a physician treated with osmium tetroxide.

A case of general yersinosis in a male physician is described. Most probably the infection was acquired nosocomially in a paediatric ward. The infection affected several organs including the liver, but osmium tetroxide was nevertheless used to perform chemical synovectomy in a knee joint suffering from active arthritis. The arthritis was cured, and the already existing liver affection did not progress. The only complaint from the patient, months after the osmic acid injection, was a strong metallic taste on the tongue. More than a year after the intra-articular injection, the metallic taste disappeared. The amount of osmium in the patient's blood was then calculated to be less than 100 molecules of osmium per ml blood.

Adult↗