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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Use of delipidized antigens of Taenia solium metacestodes in IgG-ELISA for detection of neurocysticercosis.

The development of IgG-ELISA for detecting neurocysticercosis is aimed at the routine laboratory, and requires a particular antigen preparation, an acceptable number of serum samples to be tested (both homologous and heterologous) and patients with a diversity of helminthic infections to rule out cross-reactions. This study characterizes IgG-antibodies from cases of neurocysticercosis by assaying the sera against ether-delipidized antigens (5 microg/ml) prepared from metacestodes of Taenia solium. The test had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 83%. IgG-antibodies from heterologous serum samples elicited a number of false positives (25/147) from six different helminthic infections, ie paragonimiasis, echinococcosis, opisthorchiasis, ascariasis, taeniasis and fascioliasis. In additional tests to detect antibody levels to these stage-related antigens, one of three serum samples from T. solium-infected cases gave negative at OD value of 0.187 while the others yielded 0.472 and 0.576. Conversely, assays of all serum samples from neurocysticercosis cases reacted against antigens from Echinococcus granulosus cystic fluid, Paragonimus heterotremus and Opisthorchis viverrini adult worms. In comparison, the antigens from these three species yielded higher mean OD values when assayed against the corresponding infected serum samples. Furthermore, neurocysticercosis cases yielded OD values that are separate and distinct from those of paragonimiasis cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Neurocysticercosis: utilizing the cystic fluid antigen from Taenia solium metacestodes for diagnosis by IgG-ELISA.

Cystic fluid, which has antigenic properties of whole Taenia solium cysticerci, was used to discriminate neurocysticercosis cases and other parasitic infections, especially helminthiases. Twenty-one neurocysticercosis and several kinds of 22 different parasitic infections, including HIV cases (n=234) evaluated a 90.48% sensitivity and 86.32% specificity of indirect ELISA as follows: a low antigen concentration of 5 microg/ml. serum dilution of 1:400, conjugate dilution of 1:2,000 and a cut-off value of 0.349. Eight different helminthic infections (n = 25); echinococcosis (8/10), gnathostomiasis (6/8), strongyloidiasis (5/14), hookworm infection (1/18), angiostrongyliasis (2/25), opisthorchiasis (1/18), onchocercosis (1/3) and toxocariasis (1/6) were cross-reactive with this antigen. No serum antibody from other brain infections in the study gave a reaction with the antigen. In this study, the cystic fluid antigen gave high sensitivity of the test. However, the antigen contains various antigenic molecules able to bind with antibodies from several of the above helminthic sera, especially echinococcosis and gnathostomiasis. In Thailand, gnathostomiasis is one of the more famous tropical diseases but echinococcosis is quite rare. Cystic fluid antigen should be further investigated for its specific finding in diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The chemotherapy of monogeneans which parasitize fish: a review.

Monogeneans which parasitize fish are still treated by bathing the fish in solutions of simple chemicals or staining dyes. In the early 1960s an insecticide, trichlorphon, replaced to a large extent the formerly used simple chemicals. Its success was greater specificity against monogeneans and other ectoparasites, and to its great tolerance by the fish. The fact that the number of important monogenean species (i.e. Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, P. bini, Gyrodactylus salaris) which cannot be treated sufficiently with simple chemicals or even trichlorphon is increasing, led to the need for systemically acting, novel chemotherapeutics. In laboratory and small scale trials praziquantel, levamisole, mebendazole and toltrazuril have been tested for efficacy against a broad spectrum of monogenean species.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Metazoan parasites of Himantopus mexicanus Muller (Aves) from southwestern Texas, with a checklist of helminth parasites from North America.

Nineteen species of helminths were recovered from 34 of 35 black-necked stilts, Himantopus mexicanus Muller, collected from the Fort Bliss ponds, El Paso County, Texas. New host records are marked with an. The species identified were: Acoleus vaginatus, Davainea himantopodis, Diplophallus polymorphus, Eurycestus avoceti, Hymenolepis himantopodis, Hymenolepis sp. 1, Infula macrophallus, Coacitrema michiganensis, Cyclocoelum lanceolatum, Notocotylus sp., Parastrigea mexicanus, Tanaisia fedtschenkoi, Capillaria sp., C. anatis, C. contorta, C. mergi, Chevreuxia americana, Eustronglydes mergorum, and Splendidofilaria sp. Six species of mallophagan lice and 1 species of nasal mite, Rhinonyssus himantopus, were recovered. Helminths showed little concentration for dominance (0.09), were not very evenly distributed (0.49 +/- 0.08) nor very diverse (0.73 +/- 0.14), and most species were highly aggregated. The helminth community consisted of an unusually large number of core species (10). Three large species of tapeworms exhibited mostly paired infections, were mutually exclusive, and were negatively associated (-1).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Present status of the treatment of helminthiasis].

Infestation with intestinal parasites can now be controlled by several broad-spectrum compounds. These drugs are particularly useful against multiple intestinal parasites, as frequently found in tropical and subtropical countries, and are well suited to mass treatment. The introduction of oxamniquine and praziquantel constitutes a break through in the treatment of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis. Praziquantel also perfectly controls taeniasis, sometimes including its larval form (cysticercosis). Experience is too short to evaluate the effectiveness of benzimidazoles (notably albendazole), administered post-operatively or alone when surgery is contra-indicated, in the treatment of hepatic or alveolar hydatid disease. Better drugs are needed to treat Fasciola hepatica infestation or to control onchocerciasis and other diseases due to filariae.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1983

Research needs and priorities for ruminant internal parasites in the United States.

The management-chemotherapy approach is currently the most applicable means of effectively and practically controlling parasites of ruminants. Knowledge of regional patterns for major ruminant parasites, especially seasonal transmission dynamics, promises to lead to major improvements in management-chemotherapy systems. This knowledge also provides the fundamental context for design of new integrated control strategies that include other approaches such as immunization, chemical and biological control, and the interaction of environmental, physiologic, and nutritional factors. Greatly needed is a change in the protracted government regulatory process that obviates the availability of new, more effective drugs until years after they are available in other developed nations and that creates a dearth of "minor species, minor use" antiparasitic compounds. It is necessary to recognize both the need for product safety and the realities of investment limitations in the pharmaceutical industry. Also needed are new formulations and better methods of mass treatment for inaccessible herds of ruminants that will allow flexibility in strategic treatment programs based on seasonal transmission and other factors. More reliable cost-benefit assessments, more sensitive diagnostic indicators, and better knowledge of pathophysiologic mechanisms of damage by parasites will assist greatly in identifying the economically important effects against which economical control programs can be targeted. The opportunities for development and evaluation of novel prophylactic, diagnostic, and management approaches for animal parasitism are close at hand if the spectacular advances in molecular biology, immunology, computer science, and ecologic methodologies are assimilated in present research efforts. Although the emphasis of this report is on applied research and identification of approaches for the immediate future, the importance of more basic research on animal parasites and discoveries in other areas of modern biology and medicine are recognized as the essential pacesetters of the future. There is increasing concern by agricultural research workers that renewal of this base of fundamental knowledge is greatly needed. In this context, studies on the physiology, behavior, antigenicity, and genetic makeup of parasites, protective host responses, and mechanisms of tissue destruction and invasion by veterinary parasites are essential. Veterinary parasitologists must study host-parasite interactions directly with minimal reliance on rodent model systems; although this has disadvantages it offers special opportunities for research that is concurrently applied and fundamental. While the livestock industry can expect continuous progress on current problems, a long-term investment in basic research must be made for the future.

Animals↗