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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Some Platyhelminths inhabiting white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis (Aves: Emberizidae: Emberizinae), from Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada.

Twenty-two of 26 white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis, from Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, hosted 1 or 2 species of platyhelminths. One species of cestode and 3 of digeneans were collected. Anonchotaenia quiscali inhabited 50% of the sparrows. This is the third report of A. quiscali; Z. albicollis is a new host. Brachylecithum nanum inhabited 43%, Zonorchis alveyi 15%, and Prosthogonimus macrorchis 8% of the sparrows examined. Ontario is a new geographic distribution record from all 4 parasite species. The proportion of hosts infected with 2 species was not significantly different from expected based on single species prevalences, indicating that there is no competitive interaction among these species of parasites for access to the avian hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

STAR complexes: febrile illnesses associated with sore throat, arthritis, and rash.

Between January 1990 and February 1991 we evaluated the cases of 20 patients for a symptom complex consisting of Sore throat, elevated Temperature, migratory Arthritis, and a pruritic urticarial Rash (STAR). The patients ranged in age from 3 1/2 to 48 years; most were from central Texas. Duration of illness varied from 2 weeks to longer than 1 year. Results of laboratory studies included the following abnormal findings: elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytosis. Eleven of 18 (61%) patients had low antinuclear antibody titers. HLA-A2 was noted in 8 of 10 (80%) of those tested. Test results were positive in eight cases for IgM antibodies to parvovirus and in six cases for IgM antibodies to rubella, suggesting that these entities may represent an underdiagnosed cause of STAR complex. In six cases no specific cause of disease was found; these cases may be attributable to other infectious agent(s) yet to be identified. Here we present a description of the cases, a discussion of the differential diagnosis, and an evaluation of STAR complex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of the Respiralex test for rapid isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes directly from throat swabs].

Results obtained by fast Respiraplex test were compared with findings of classical method of cultivation in order to assess possibilities of this test in isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes directly in the throat swab. The sensitivity of the fast test was 79.4%; specificity 100%. On the basis of gathered results, the following can be concluded: the fast test cannot completely substitute the classic method of cultivation although high specificity occurs, because of low sensitivity especially in patients with small number of colonies in the culture.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

Sore throat with the laryngeal mask: does the lubricant matter?

In daily anesthetic practice, the insertion of a Laryngeal Mask--airway is facilitated by means of a lubricant. Many different products are in widespread clinical use, according to personal preference or what's in or on the anesthesia trolley. This study compares four different lubricants: Xylocaine 10% spray, Silkospray, Endosgel and water. When comparing the ease of insertion of the Laryngeal Mask, the genuine lubricants proved to be superior to water. However, no single lubricant was associated with a statistically significant lower incidence of postoperative sore throat.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1997

Reconsidering sore throats. Part I: Problems with current clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based answers to clinical questions posed by family physicians about Group A streptococcus pharyngitis and to further understanding of why management is controversial. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Evidence from randomized trials was not found for most questions. The most critical information came from high-quality community prevalence studies and criterion standard studies of physician clinical judgement. MAIN FINDINGS: Expert recommendations for physician management are not likely to help prevent rheumatic fever, as most people with sore throats do not seek medical care. Current clinical practices result in overuse of antibiotics because accuracy of clinical judgment is limited. CONCLUSIONS: Costs associated with visits for upper respiratory infections as well as increasing antibiotic resistance necessitate reconsidering the current clinical approach. An alternative management strategy is presented in part 2.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Comparative evaluation of two indigenously developed tests for rapid detection of group-A streptococci directly from throat swabs.

The efficacy of two indigenously developed rapid tests, latex agglutination and antibody capture assay (a colour immunochromatographic assay) to detect group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) was evaluated in comparison with the traditional culture method ('Gold Standard') in both asymptomatic children (1500) and symptomatic patients (233). Throat swabs were taken in duplicate and rapid tests performed on one swab and culture on the other. Both latex agglutination and antibody capture assays showed a sensitivity of 100 per cent and specificity of > 98 per cent as compared to culture and isolation in symptomatic patients. However, among asymptomatic carriers sensitivity of 100 per cent and 87.5 per cent and specificity > 95 per cent were observed for latex agglutination and antibody capture assays respectively. Latex agglutination showed no false negative results and sensitivity was not affected by low beta-haemolytic counts in asymptomatic children. The rapid tests described here will help in the detection and thereby the management of GAS infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Appropriateness of admissions and duration of stay in an ear, nose and throat department].

An evaluation was made of the appropriateness of hospital admissions in the ear, nose, and throat surgery department of a teaching hospital. One hundred fifty-two clinical histories were studied. Elective surgery admissions were reviewed using the new Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP) for elective surgery. Non-elective admissions and the duration of the hospital stay were reviewed with the adult medical-surgical AEP. In the patients who underwent elective surgery, admission was inappropriate in 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 2.9-12.2%). Name of the non-elective admissions (95% confidence interval: 0-17.8%) was inappropriate. Nineteen per cent of hospital days were inactive (95% confidence interval: 13.3-26.4%).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Out of hours cross-cover between oral and maxillofacial surgery and ear, nose and throat surgery.

Emergency cross-cover between two specialties, oral and maxillofacial surgery and ear, nose and throat surgery, has been introduced and run successfully in York District Hospital for the last 18 months in order to reduce the working hours of junior doctors, as recommended by the New Deal. During this trial period of out of normal hours cross-cover in a two-tier system, we have found that the new arrangement has increased our shared knowledge, understanding and practical experience of both specialties as well as satisfying the service needs with no significant clinical problems arising.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1997

[Sore throat in rheumatoid arthritis: 2 patients with cricoarytenoid arthritis].

In two patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis, a woman aged 65 and a man aged 56 years, cricoarytenoid arthritis was diagnosed. The symptoms were hoarseness, sore throat and stridor. In both patients a narrowed glottic fissure was found. In one patient tracheostomy was necessary to guarantee a free airway; in the other, therapy with local corticosteroid injections (triamcinolone), combined with immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone), was effective. Early detection through anamnesis and laryngoscopy allows early therapy with a good prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Cut throat injury: a retrospective study of 26 cases.

Cut throat injuries and associated deaths are common in our society. Majority succumb to their injuries. In this study, the hospital records of twenty six such cases (13 M & 13 F) were reviewed. Eleven victims were in their third decade. Eighteen cases came from poor socio-economic class. Eleven had suicidal, eleven homicidal and four accidental injuries. Familial troubles, psychiatric illness and poverty were the triggering factors in suicidal attempts. The motives of homicide included political conflict, sex related crimes, dacoity, familial, land related disputes, etc. All had their hypopharynx and/or larynx exposed. Tracheostomy was done in fifteen cases. All but two had uneventful recovery. One died in the hospital due to hemorrhage, shock and asphyxia from aspirated blood. It was observed that appropriate measures could save lives in vast majority.

Accidents↗