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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Efficacy and stability of wettable powder amitraz in field and laboratory studies against Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) in south Texas.

A study was done at the USDA-ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Mission, Tex., to determine the efficacy of a 50% wettable powder (WP) amitraz formulation applied as a whole-body spray in a standard dip vat, and in a laboratory bioassay against Boophilus annulatus (Say) on cattle. A study also was done at the King Ranch in Kleberg County, Tex., to determine the stability of 50% WP amitraz in a dip vat under South Texas conditions Cattle were infested with all parasitic life stages of B. annulatus and were sprayed or dipped with a concentration of 0.025% amitraz. As determined by calculations of the index of reproduction, the whole-body spray treatment provided 86% control of the ticks and the dip treatment provided 99.8% control. Laboratory bioassay results compared favorably with those obtained with the dip vat treatment. Amitraz WP settled very rapidly in the freshly charged ranch vat. However, as more cattle were dipped and the vat became polluted with dirt and excrement, settling occurred much more slowly. Overall, amitraz remained stable in the vat during the test period.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of the isozyme phenotypes of the morphologically similar ticks Amblyomma cajennense and A. imitator (Acari: Ixodidae) from south Texas.

A survey of Amblyomma Koch tick populations in southern Texas revealed that A. imitator Kohls was restricted to the two most southern counties, but that A. cajennense (Fabricius) ranged at least as far north as Kingsville, Tex. Females of the two species could be distinguished by the presence of chitinous tubercles on the festoons of A. cajennense and the presence of projections over both sides of the apron of the genital aperture in A. imitator. Males were distinguished by size, ornamentation, and the elongate ventral scutes of A. imitator. In addition, six enzymes, AATA, ACONA, IDH2, LDH, MPI, and PEP, were diagnostic for the two species and two others, aGPD and ACONC, had high diagnostic values. Resulting interspecific divergence was significant, I = 0.582. Genetic variability was higher in A. imitator (h = 0.092) than in A. cajennense (h = 0.057), but neither species exhibited marked interpopulation divergence (I = 0.991 in A. imitator, I = 0.994 in A. cajennense).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Facultative myiasis by Megaselia sp. (Diptera: Phoridae) in Texas: a case report.

Facultative myiasis caused by larval Megaselia sp. is reported in a human in Texas. On two occasions during 24 h, the youth experienced a "crawling sensation deep in [his] throat" which caused him to cough, expelling a living Megaselia sp. larva. The site of the infestation was presumed to be the sinuses or upper respiratory tract. The symptoms resolved upon expulsion of the larvae, and no additional complications were observed in the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Isolation of Leishmania mexicana (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) from Lutzomyia anthophora (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in Texas.

Three of 27 female Lutzomyia anthophora (Addis) collected in Texas from the nest of a southern plains woodrat, Neotoma micropus Baird, during October 1991 were infected with flagellate protozoans. Isolates were grown in Schneider's Drosophila medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, and isozyme analysis of two of the isolates determined the parasites to be Leishmania mexicana (Biagi). These are the first isolations of Leishmania from field-collected sand flies in North America north of Mexico. Possible reasons for the lack of human cases near the focus are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Geographic patterns of multiple myeloma: racial and industrial correlates, State of Texas, 1969-71.

Age-adjusted mortality rates for multiple myeloma in Texas State economic area(s) (TSEA) were correlated with selected occupations. After control was made for the percentage of population classified as black, the positive association between the age-adjusted mortality rate from multiple myeloma and percentage of the population in each TSEA employed in beauty shops, carpentry, and agricultural industries was significant (P < 0.05). The findings emphasized the possible importance of race as a confounding variable in ecologic analyses of environmental and industrial exposure associated with mortality due to multiple myeloma. The data supported previous findings by another investigator of a strong association between farming occupations and death from multiple myeloma.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence and correlates of bulimia nervosa and bulimic behaviors in a racially diverse sample of undergraduate students in two universities in southeast Texas.

This cross-sectional survey used a self-report questionnaire to measure the prevalence and correlates of bulimia nervosa and bulimic behaviors in a sample of undergraduate students enrolled in two state-supported universities in Texas in 1990. In one university, the student population was predominantly white; in the other, it was predominantly nonwhite. Bulimia status was assessed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R), of the American Psychiatric Association and was operationalized using the Revised Bulimia Test. Overall, 0.9% of the sample, 1.3% of the females, and 0.2% of the males were classified as having bulimia nervosa. The prevalence of bulimic behaviors was 5.4% overall, 6.6% for females, and 3.6% for males. There was no racial/ethnic difference in the prevalence of bulimia nervosa or bulimic behaviors; 1.5% of the whites (n = 459) and 0.4% of the nonwhites (n = 693) were classified as having bulimia nervosa, while 5.5% of the whites and 5.3% of the nonwhites reported bulimic behaviors. In univariate analysis, female sex, obesity, dieting behavior, and a family history of alcoholism, drug abuse, and depression were statistically associated with bulimic behaviors. After adjustment for covariates, only obesity and dieting behavior were statistically significant. We concluded that the sex difference in bulimic behaviors reported in other studies may be due to the failure to control for confounding factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

A case of cholera in Texas, 1973.

The first naturally acquired case of cholera reported in the United States since 1911 occurred in a 51-year-old resident of Port Lavaca, Texas. Extensive epidemiologic investigation of the patient's contacts and environment did not identify a cholera carrier of elucidate a pathway of transmission, but several avenues of investigation suggested possible means by which the patient may have acquired his infection. No secondary spread resulted from this case, and its occurrence did not endanger the community at large.

Cholera↗
PubMed1975

The epidemiology of St. Louis encephalitis in Dallas, Texas, 1966.

An epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) occurred in Dallas, Texas, in the summer of 1966. A total of 545 suspected cases within Dallas city and county were reported, of which 145 were laboratory-confirmed as SLE virus infection. The greatest concentration of cases occurred in lower socioeconomic areas of the central part of the city in black populations. The attack rate and mortality rate increased markedly with age. The overall attack rate was 15.2 per 100,000, with a case fatality rate of 9.7%. During the course of the epidemic, most of the county was sprayed aerially with an ultra-low volume (ULV), high-concentration malathion mist. The effects of this treatment cannot be adequately assessed from the human epidemiologic aspect alone, but the spraying clearly reduced the number and infection rate of the vector mosquitoes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The epidemiology of St. Louis encephalitis in Corpus Christi, Texas, 1966.

In the summer of 1966, an epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis occurred in Corpus Christi, Texas, coincident with one occurring in Dallas about 563 km to the north. Among the 76 cases confirmed in Corpus Christi, there were two deaths; the attack rate was 41.0 per 100,000. In contrast with a concurrent outbreak in Dallas and the 1964 outbreak in Houston, attack rates were much higher in populations of the upper socioeconomic districts. This distribution may have resulted from the combined effects of an unusual concentration of vector mosquito breeding sites in storm sewers in the upper socioeconomic districts and a higher degree of residual immunity in the residents of the lower socioeconomic areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Epidemiologic observations of influenza B virus infections in Houston, Texas, 1976-1977.

Influenza B virus infections were documented in Houston, Texas, in 726 patients with febrile respiratory illnesses who presented to representative primary care facilities during the 1976-1977 respiratory disease season. This epidemic followed a "herald wave" of illness associated with influenza B during the preceding spring. Over one-half the virus isolates were from children aged 5-19 years, and school absenteeism rates indicated that about 40 per cent of the students in the Houston area were ill enough to miss school during the epidemic. The rapid rise in the number of cases among students after the school holiday recess demonstrated the importance of school attendance for the rapid dissemination of influenza viruses. During the later phase of the epidemic, most of the cases were preschool children and adults. In addition to disease of the respiratory tract, the epidemic was accompanied by cases of Reye's syndrome at a rate expected for an urban area.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1981

Cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans in Laredo, Texas. I. Prevalence of overweight and diabetes and distributions of serum lipids.

An epidemiologic survey of cardiovascular risk factors was carried out on a random sample of Mexican Americans living in two low income census tracts in Laredo, Texas. The prevalence of overweight was found to be intermediate between US national estimates and the rates recorded for Pima Indians. Similarly, the prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia was intermediate between the rates observed in a sample or predominantly Caucasian individuals and those observed in Pima Indians. Excess hyperglycemia in the Laredo Mexican American population compared to predominantly Caucasian populations does not appear to be due to a lower level of medical control of diabetes in the former. Rather, it probably reflects a true excess in the prevalence of diabetes. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were also higher in Laredo Mexican Americans than in a Caucasian comparison population. Mexican Americans are of mixed European and native American ancestry. Native Americans have high rates of diabetes which could be on a genetic basis. The intermediate rates of hyperglycemia in Mexican Americans could thus have a genetic explanation. On the other hand, sociocultural determinants could be important since these are known to influence obesity which is a major precursor of diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ethnic patterns of salt purchase in Houston, Texas.

Dietary sodium may play a contributory role in the development of hypertension, but difficulties in defining the "usual" sodium intake of individuals prevent any stronger statement on the nature of the diet-disease relationship. The prevelance of hypertension is greater in black than in white populations of the United States, and there is speculation that dietary sodium intake may also be greater in black individuals. A significant proportion of dietary sodium is derived from table salt added to food during its preparation and consumption. In an attempt to identify whether purchase of table salt was sufficiently increased in black communities to support the hypothesis of an etiologic role in hypertension, the scales of table salt in supermarkets located in predominantly black, Hispanic and white census tracts of Houston, Texas, were compared. The mean ratio between sales of salt and a series of 20 staple food commodities in predominantly black and Hispanic census tract supermarkets were 148% and 202%, respectively, of that in predominantly white census tracts. The elevated ratios were not due to reduced sales of the food commodities. The authors conclude that sales of table salt, in relation to the series of food commodities, are 50-100% higher in Houston's black and Hispanic census tract supermarkets than in those of white census tracts. Whether the increased sales of table salt have causal relationship to the prevalence of hypertension in these communities can only be determined by further studies.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1983

Influenza B virus infections in the community and the family. The epidemics of 1976-1977 and 1979-1980 in Houston, Texas.

Influenza B virus epidemics occurred in Houston, Texas, in 1976-1977 and 1979-1980. Among families with young children followed longitudinally in the Houston Family Study, 112 infections were detected during 511 person-years of observation. The infection rates for the two epidemics were similar--24 per cent and 20 per cent--although the two epidemics differed greatly in the community. The first epidemic was much more intense with a mid-winter peak that produced school absentee rates above 12 per cent for four consecutive weeks. The indolent epidemic of 1979-1980 smoldered from late September to mid-April with a peak during the second week of March for which school absenteeism did not exceed 8 per cent. In the Houston Family Study population, the combined infection rate for the two outbreaks was highest at 35 per 100 person-years for school children aged 6-19 years. Preschool children aged 7 months-5 years and adults had infection rates of 31 and 16 per 100 person-years, respectively. Preexisting neutralizing antibody titers greater than or equal to 3.5 log2 protected against influenza B infection and illness. Preschool children above 6 months of age, school age children, and parents introduced infection into the family at rates of 15, 15, and 9 per 100 person-years, respectively. Three second introductions were observed. The secondary infection rate was highest among school aged children at 61 per 100 persons at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Lung cancer mortality among women employed in high-risk industries and occupations in Harris County, Texas, 1977-1980.

Lung cancer is rapidly becoming the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Interviews conducted with 259 women with lung cancer and 278 women without lung cancer or with their next-of-kin in Harris County, Texas from July 1, 1977 to June 30, 1980 revealed that 12 (4.6%) of the women with lung cancer had never smoked cigarettes. The odds ratio (OR) for current smoking was 15.7. Odds ratios for smoking for living women (OR = 17.5) were higher than for those who were deceased (OR = 12.6). Lifetime occupational histories were classified a priori into high- and low-risk categories. Data were stratified according to employment in a high-risk industry or occupation, a high-risk industry, a high-risk occupation, or both a high-risk industry and occupation. Although not statistically significant, odds ratios for employment in high-risk categories support earlier estimates that attributed 5% of lung cancer mortality in women to employment in hazardous occupations. Employment of a husband or household member in selected industries and occupations yielded significantly increased odds ratios. More cases (15.9%) than controls (6.9%) reported a family history of lung cancer (OR = 2.4). No significant increase in smoking-adjusted odds ratios was found for the use of hair spray, hand-held dryers, or alcohol, or for having lived with a household member who smoked cigarettes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Carotene intake and the risk of laryngeal cancer in coastal Texas.

Between 1976 and 1980, data were collected for a case-comparison study of laryngeal cancer in white males aged 30-79 years in six Texas counties using all histologically confirmed incident cases and a population-based comparison group. Dietary interviews were obtained from 151 living cases and 178 living comparison subjects. A significant inverse association (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1) was found between low carotene intake and the risk of laryngeal cancer, but no association was found with total vitamin A or retinol intake. The inverse association with carotene intake was strongest among those who had stopped smoking 2-10 years before (OR = 5.9). The same risk for vitamin A intake was found by using a short list of foods based on contribution to variation in intake as was found by using a longer list based on per cent contribution to total intake. Definition of carotene as that which comes only from plant sources gives an estimate similar to a more complex method that takes into account carotene derived from both plant and animal sources.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The changing epidemiology of human brucellosis in Texas, 1977-1986.

From 1977-1986, a total of 331 laboratory confirmed cases of human brucellosis were reported in Texas. The annual number of cases ranged from 13 in 1977 to 84 in 1983. Males accounted for 66% of the cases. Cases ranged in age from one to 92 years, with 57% between the ages of 20 and 49 years. Brucella melitensis infections accounted for 66% of the bacteriologically confirmed cases. Infection with Brucella canis was identified in four patients. Annual incidence rates were higher in Hispanics in each age and sex group when compared with whites and blacks. Epidemiologic features of cases reported during 1977-1981 are dissimilar to features of cases reported during 1982-1986. In the first five years, a majority of cases (82%) were males, and a majority (54%) were white. Exposure to cattle or swine was reported for 72% of the cases. In the second five years, a majority (72%) of cases were Hispanic, and only 55% were males. Ingestion of unpasteurized goat milk products was reported for 67% of the cases during 1982-1986.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Incidence rates of firearm injuries in Galveston, Texas, 1979-1981.

Firearm injury mortality rates have been characterized in various settings, but little is known of the total magnitude of firearm injury, including morbidity. The authors determined population-based incidence rates of firearm injury among residents of Galveston, Texas, from 1979-1981 by using police, emergency department, hospital, emergency medical services, medical examiner, and vital records to identify 239 firearm injury cases. Vital records, medical examiner, and police records each identified more than 95% of the fatalities, but police records (sensitivity = 98%) were better than emergency department or hospital records (sensitivity = 82% and 28%, respectively) for identifying all nonfatal cases. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate of firearm injury was 128 per 100,000 persons. Black males, with the highest firearm injury rate (459 per 100,000 persons), were injured at 46 times the rate of white females (10 per 100,000 persons). The overall case fatality rate was 30%, including 25% of the assaults/homicides, 81% of the parasuicides/suicides, and 0% of the unintentional injuries. On the basis of the case fatality rates, an estimated 140,000 firearm injuries occur in the United States annually. The case fatality rate for penetrating head injuries was 80% versus 48% for chest injuries and 6% for all other parts of the body. The results are discussed with respect to policy recommendations for reducing firearm injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Consumer poultry meat handling and safety education in three Texas cities.

Shifting demographics, increased poultry consumption and a general ignorance concerning food safety measures provide the potential for increased foodborne illness. In order to determine where food safety educational efforts would be most effective and the needed content of the messages, a survey addressing poultry preparation, storage and thawing methods, and sources of food safety education was constructed and distributed in supermarkets in three Texas urban centers. Between 60 and 67% of consumers prepared poultry once or twice per week. A majority of Hispanics (57%), minors (79%) and uneducated (55%) respondents thaw poultry outside of the refrigerator, either on a counter, in a microwave, or in a sink of water. A majority of Caucasians receive food safety information from either magazines (52%) or television (60%), whereas minors receive education mainly from the educational system (57%) or family (71%). Through increased education in these areas, good food safety habits may be increased in those target groups, especially the next generation of consumers.

Animals↗