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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Antitrypanosomal activity of trivalent antimonials in vitro and its significance.

The SbIII preparations available for clinical use were compared in vitro for their concentration/time/effect curves on Trypanosoma venezuelense (T. evansi), measuring decrease of motility and of parasite numbers. With these two criteria leading to similar relative results, the drugs are classified into a rapidly acting group, led by sodium emetic (AST), followed by its dimethylcysteine chelate (NAP) and Anthiomaline, and a less and more slowly acting one: Triostam, Astiban and Stibophen. The relative activity of these drugs in vitro is parallel to that encountered against Schistosoma mansoni, attributed to a similar pattern of intracellular absorption. In vivo effectiveness may depend on bioavailability of Sb in the host and the direct action on the parasite, reflected by its in vitro activity. The interplay of these two factors leads to a different in vitro/in vivo activity relationship of the antimonials even in the same host (mouse) and to its variation in other host species.

Antimony↗
PubMed1980

A simple method of predicting progression of polycystic kidney disease by 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy.

Renal scintigraphy with 99Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was used to determine the prognosis of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease. In 40 patients, DMSA renal uptake rate, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were examined in different periods, at least twice a year. These parameters were plotted on semilogarithmic paper against the course of observation period (years or months in duration). As the impairment of renal function progresses, these parameters gradually worsen, DMSA renal uptake decreases and serum creatinine and BUN elevate linearly. In the terminal stage when hemodialysis is required, total DMSA uptake decreased to less than 1%, and this paralleled the levels of 100 mg/dl of BUN and 10 mg/dl of serum creatinine. Accordingly, when linear lines of parameters are extended to those levels obtained in hemodialysis patients, the years and months which coincide on the abscissa can be accounted for when initiation of the hemodialysis is taken into consideration. Analysis of this linear relation in individual patients allows for an estimate of the progression of this disease and may assist in the determination of the effects of conservative treatment. This method also indicates that the level of DMSA uptake at the initial diagnosis is a critical factor in assessing the prognosis of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Use of 99Tcm-DMSA as a static renal imaging agent.

The use of 99Tcm-labelled DMSA as a static renal imaging agent has been analyzed semi-quantitatively in 366 patients. Study with this agent proved to be of most value in patients with equivocal space-occupying lesions of the kidney, provided useful information in various destructive diseases of the kidney when used for determining divided renal function but was of little value in chronic renal failure. In 33 patients, the uptake of 99Tcm-DMSA at 3 h as a measure of divided renal function was compared with the uptake of 99Tcm-DTPA from 30 to 150 sec following injection and was found to correlate well. In a series of 7 dogs with induced unilateral renal impairment, divided function determined with 99Tcm-DMSA was found to correlate well with results obtained using 51Cr-EDTA.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

DMSA renal scanning versus urography for detecting renal scars in vesicoureteral reflux.

32 children admitted to Hacettepe University Hospital for surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) between 1987 and 1988 were included in this prospective double-blind study. All patients underwent intravenous urography (IVU), voiding cystouretrography and 99mTc DMSA renal scanning. The sensitivity and specificity of the DMSA scan and IVU for detecting renal scarring were investigated. With regard to the presence of renal scarring, the sensitivity and specificity of IVU and DMSA were not found to be statistically different. But when the scars were scored, DMSA was found to have a higher scoring index compared to IVU. In patients who were candidates for surgical management of VUR, renal scars could be detected both by IVU and DMSA scan but, for the follow-up, the DMSA scan was found to be the investigation of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Individual renal function study using computed tomography.

Using computed tomography, the renal parenchymal volume and tissue-plasma ratio of contrast enhancement, with a bolus injection, were measured, and the latter measurement is believed to indicate regional renal function per unit of parenchymal volume. 67 studies were carried out on 50 patients, 17 of whom were examined pre- and postoperatively. Of these 50 patients, 27 had hydronephrosis, 6 had renovascular disease, 4 had pyelonephritis and the remaining 13 were control patients. The product of tissue-plasma ratio of contrast enhancement and the calculated renal parenchymal volume were found to be in good correlation with the individual renal function measured with 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and 131I-hippuran. Since this method is reproducible, the kidney being examined may be seen in more detail.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal uptake as an index of individual kidney function after acute ureteral obstruction and desobstruction. An experimental study in rats.

The evolution of the 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal uptake is followed after ligation of the right ureter in rats. The DMSA uptake falls rapidly from 35% before ligation to 13% after 24 h, and decreases further to 1.5% after 31 days. The ligated ureter was desobstructed after 10, 17, 24 and 31 days, respectively, DMSA uptake was controlled 4, 11 and 18 days after desobstruction. In the first group, deobstruction after 10 days, the DMSA uptake rose from 7 to 15%, while in the fourth group it rose from 1.5 to 2%. It is concluded that DMSA uptake provides a reliable index for renal function after acute urinary tract obstruction in rats. If the DMSA uptake has fallen below 4% very little renal function can be expected to be regained, whereas above 4% the function can improve considerably.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Value of dimercaptosuccinic acid single photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting renal injury in pediatric patients with vesicoureteral reflux. Comparison with dimercaptosuccinic acid planar scintigraphy and intravenous pyelography.

The value of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) planar renal scintigraphy, DMSA single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of renal injury related to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was examined in 60 kidneys of 32 pediatric patients (28 bilateral, 4 unilateral) with primary VUR. The results were: (1) detection of minor renal lesions was best with MRI, then DMSA-planar and DMSA-SPECT, and (2) in comparing the positive rate, DMSA-SPECT (85%) and MRI (83.3%) were superior to intravenous pyelography (55%) and DMSA-planar scintigraphy (65%). These results suggest that DMSA-SPECT or MRI may be more sensitive than DMSA-planar scintigraphy and intravenous pyelography in detecting renal injury related to VUR in pediatric patients.

Child↗