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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

In vitro sealing ability of two materials at five different implant-abutment surfaces.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to test the sealing ability of two materials at five different implant-abutment surfaces. METHODS: In the first phase, 2 mul brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth was deposited into the implant wells and glass culture tubes. A varnish or silicon sealant was applied at the cervical implant portion of experimental groups. The control group remained unexposed. The abutments were torque-tightened to 20 Ncm with a manual torque driver. Implants were immersed in 4 ml BHI broth at 37 degrees C for 2 hours to exclude contamination. In the second phase, 100 mul Enterococcus faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 29212 was deposited into the glass culture tubes. After periods of 7, 14, 21, 35, 49, and 63 days, the sealing capacity was checked. Abutments were removed, and a sterile paper cone collected material inside implant bodies. This material was transferred to new tubes with BHI to verify the presence of cloudy broths within 24 to 48 hours. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two materials for each time period (Fisher exact test; P >0.05). Group E showed the least level of sealing ability (six implants contaminated), whereas group T showed the highest level (only two implants). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Materials tested were not able to prevent contamination over 63 days. 2) Bacterial contamination was verified after 14 and 35 days in the control and experimental groups, respectively. 3) Although materials tested had demonstrated similar sealing capacities, dental implants showed bacterial contamination regardless of their external or internal hexagonal configurations.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2007

Surface seals reduce 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin emissions in field tests.

Reducing emissions is essential for minimizing the impact of soil fumigation on the environment. Water application to the soil surface (or water seal) has been demonstrated to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emissions in soil column tests. This study determined the effectiveness of water application to reduce emissions of 1,3-D and chloropicrin (CP) in comparison to other surface seals under field conditions. In a small-plot field trial on a Hanford sandy loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Typic Xerorthents) in the San Joaquin Valley, CA. Telone C35 (61% 1,3-D and 35% CP) was shank-applied at a depth of 46 cm at a rate of 610 kg ha-1. Soil surface seal treatments included control (no tarp and no water application), standard high density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp over dry and pre-irrigated soil, virtually impermeable film (VIF) tarp, initial water application by sprinklers immediately following fumigation, and intermittent water applications after fumigation. The atmospheric emissions and gas-phase distribution of fumigants in soil profile were monitored for 9 d. Among the surface seals, VIF and HDPE tarp over dry soil resulted in the lowest and the highest total emission losses, respectively. Intermittent water applications reduced 1,3-D and CP emissions significantly more than HDPE tarp alone. The initial water application also reduced emission peak and delayed emission time. Pre-irrigated soil plus HDPE tarp reduced fumigant emissions similarly as the intermittent water applications and also yielded the highest surface soil temperature, which may improve overall soil pest control.

Allyl Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of curing methods and matrix type on the marginal seal of class II resin-based composite restorations in vitro.

This study determined the influence of light curing protocols and matrix type on the margin quality and marginal seal of Class II resin-based composite restorations. In extracted human molars, box-shaped MOD cavities with 1 mm wide interproximal bevels were prepared with cervical margins located at least 1 mm coronal to the cemento-enamel junction. The prepared teeth were mounted in a jig featuring artificial training teeth that served as adjacent teeth. A contoured sectional metal matrix band was placed in one interproximal area, and a section of a contoured transparent matrix band was placed in the opposite interproximal area. Both were kept in position using wooden wedges. After etching (35% H3PO4 gel) and the application of a three-step etch & rinse dentin adhesive (Optibond FL, Kerr), a thin layer of flowable resin-based composite (Revolution, Kerr) was applied to the interproximal margins. The cavities were restored by placing one horizontal and two oblique increments of a fine hybrid resin-based composite (Herculite XRV, Kerr). The curing protocols included one standard halogen protocol (Elipar Trilight, 3M ESPE, 40 seconds @ 800 mW/cm2), 3 halogen soft-start protocols (Step: Elipar HiLight, 3M ESPE; 10 seconds @ 150 mW/cm2, 30 seconds @ 850 mW/cm2; Ramp: Elipar TriLight, 3M ESPE, 5 seconds @ 100 mW/cm2, exponential increase for 10 seconds, 25 seconds @ 800 mW/cm2; Pulse delay: VIP Light, BISCO, cervical increment: 10 seconds @ 500 mW/cm2, occlusal increments: 3 seconds @ 200 mW/cm2, final irradiation after a 5 minute interval: 30 seconds @ mW/cm2) and 2 plasma arc high intensity protocols (PAC: Lightning Cure, ADT, 10 seconds @ 1400 mW/cm2; APO: Apollo 95E, DMDS, 2 x 3 seconds @ 1570 mW/cm2). The restored teeth were stored in 0.9% saline at 37 degrees C for 4 weeks and submitted to thermal cycling [TC] with 2500 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C after 2 weeks. The margin quality before and after TC was analyzed in SEM using the replica technique, and the marginal seal was determined using the dye penetration test (50% AgNO3, 2 hours) at the end of the study. The matrix type did not significantly influence the quality and seal of the respective margins. For the complete restoration margin, one of the high intensity protocols (APO) produced a higher percentage of "continuous margin" compared to pulse delay irradiation after TC and lower percentages of "marginal opening" compared to halogen standard irradiation before and after TC. Halogen step irradiation produced a superior marginal seal compared to pulse delay curing at the occlusal margins; equivalent results were observed for all curing modes at the cervical margins. Neither a general advantage of soft-start irradiation nor a general disadvantage of high intensity curing was confirmed.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2004

Correlation of computed tomographic images with anatomic features of the abdomen of ringed seals (Phoca hispida).

OBJECTIVE: To correlate anatomic features of the abdomen of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) identified in plastinated cross-sections with images obtained via computed tomography (CT) and thereby establish reference standards for normal abdominal organ size and position in this species. SAMPLE POPULATION: 2 adult male ringed seal cadavers. PROCEDURE: With the seal in sternal recumbency, CT images of the abdomen were acquired by use of a 4th-generation CT scanner. Image slice thickness was 1 cm, with no interslice gap. After imaging, the abdominal region was sectioned transversely into 4-cm slices, which were plastinated and photographed. Plastinated slices were matched to their corresponding CT images in preparation for anatomic descriptions. RESULTS: Relevant anatomic features were identified and labeled on both the plastinated tissue slice and corresponding CT image. Normal abdominal organ size and position were assessed, and topographic relationships among organs were ascertained. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data obtained provide some reference standards for normal abdominal organ size and position in ringed seals. This information may aid researchers of future physiologic and clinical studies in this species.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Use of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide to predict arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in harp seals during isoflurane-induced anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between end-tidal partial pressure of CO(2) (ETCO(2)) and PaCO(2) in isoflurane-anesthetized harp seals. ANIMALS: Three 5-month-old 25- to 47-kg harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). PROCEDURES: PaCO(2) was determined in serial arterial samples from isoflurane-anesthetized seals and compared with concomitant ETCO(2) measured with a side-stream microstream capnograph. Twenty-four paired samples were subjected to linear regression analysis and the Bland-Altman method for assessment of clinical suitability of the 2 methods (ie, PaCO(2) and ETCO(2) determinations). The influence of ventilation rate per minute (VR) on the ETCO(2) to PaCO(2) difference (P[ET-a] CO(2)) was examined graphically. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements was 0.94. The level of agreement between ETCO(2) and PaCO(2) varied considerably. Values of ETCO(2) obtained with a VR of < 5 underestimated PaCO(2) to a greater degree (mean bias, -4.01 mm Hg) and had wider limits of agreement of -13.10 to 5.07 mm Hg (-4.01 mm Hg +/- 1.96 SD), compared with a VR of > or = 5 (mean bias, -2.24 mm Hg; limits of agreement, -7.79 to 3.30 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results indicate that a microstream sidestream capnograph provides a noninvasive, sufficiently accurate estimation of PaCO(2) with intermittent positive ventilation at a VR > or = 5 in anesthetized harp seals.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

The effect of an intramammary teat seal on new intramammary infections.

As concern over the possible overuse of antibacterials increases, attention has focused on reduction of antibiotic usage and on nonantibiotic alternatives. A nonantibiotic intramammary teat sealant, Teat Seal (Cross Vetpharm Group Ltd., Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland), has been available in Ireland, in combination with an intramammary tube of cloxacillin. Teat Seal has been reformulated for use in cows with low cell counts as an alternative to antibiotic dry cow therapy at the end of lactation. The product is now marketed as Orbeseal (Pfizer Animal Health). A comparison between this teat sealant and no treatment was made on new intramammary infections and clinical mastitis, on all cows within four herds, and on low cell count cows in three herds. No cases of clinical mastitis in the dry period were observed in cows treated with Teat Seal (n = 197), whereas a significant number (6 cows) were observed in the untreated cows (n = 204). In all herds, significantly more new infections at calving were found in the untreated group (62 cows in the untreated group compared with 21 cows in the Teat Seal group). In those quarters where infections were first detected at calving, the incidence of clinical mastitis was significantly greater in the untreated group. Quarters in both treatment groups that were infected at drying off with Corynebacterium spp. or coagulase-negative staphylococci were not protected against new infections and had an increased risk of new infection by Streptococcus uberis. The results will inform those restricting their use of antibiotic dry cow therapy in alternative management strategies and the additional risk of new intramammary infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Variables affecting convection-enhanced delivery to the striatum: a systematic examination of rate of infusion, cannula size, infusate concentration, and tissue-cannula sealing time.

OBJECT: Although recent studies have shown that convection can be used to distribute macromolecules within the central nervous system (CNS) in a homogeneous, targeted fashion over clinically significant volumes and that the volume of infusion and target location (gray as opposed to white matter) influence distribution, little is known about other factors that may influence optimum use of convection-enhanced distribution. To understand the variables that affect convective delivery more fully, we examined the rate of infusion, delivery cannula size, concentration of infusate, and preinfusion sealing time. METHODS: The authors used convection to deliver 4 microl of 14C-albumin to the striatum of 40 rats. The effect of the rate of infusion (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 microl/minute), cannula size (32, 28, and 22 gauge), concentration of infusate (100%, 50%, and 25%), and preinfusion sealing time (0 and 70 minutes) on convective delivery was examined using quantitative autoradiography, National Institutes of Health image analysis software, scintillation analysis, and histological analysis. Higher rates of infusion (1 and 5 microl/minute) caused significantly (p < 0.05) more leakback of infusate (22.7+/-11.7% and 30.3+/-7.8% [mean+/-standard deviation], respectively) compared with lower rates (0.1 microl/minute [4+/-3.6%] and 0.5 microl/minute [5.2+/-3.6%]). Recovery of infusate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher at the infusion rate of 0.1 microl/minute (95.1+/-2.8%) compared with higher rates (85.2+/-4%). The use of large cannulae (28 and 22 gauge) produced significantly (p < 0.05) more leakback (35.7+/-8.1% and 21.1+/-7.5%, respectively) than the smaller cannula (32 gauge [5.2+/-3.6%]). Varying the concentration of the infusate and the preinfusion sealing time did not alter the volume of distribution, regional distribution, or infusate recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Rate of infusion and cannula size can significantly affect convective distribution of molecules, whereas preinfusion sealing time and variations in infusate concentration have no effect in this small animal model. Understanding the parameters that influence convective delivery within the CNS can be used to enhance delivery of potentially therapeutic agents in an experimental setting and to indicate the variables that will need to be considered for optimum use of this approach for drug delivery in the clinical setting.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Determination of epoxidized soybean oil and linseed oil in wrapping film and cap sealing].

A determination method was developed for epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), which are used as plasticizers and/or stabilizers, in wrapping film and cap sealings. The ESBO method reported by Castle et al. was improved. Samples were extracted with acetone-hexane (3: 7), transmethylated under alkaline conditions, then derivatized to the 1,3-dioxolanes and analyzed by GC/MS. The recoveries of spiked ESBO and ELO were between 92.6% and 104.4%. The determination limits were 0.01 mg/g for ESBO and 0.02 mg/g for ELO in the wrapping film, and 0.04 mg/g and 0.08 mg/g in the cap sealing. ESBO and ELO were surveyed in 10 samples each of wrapping film and cap sealings currently available on the Japanese market. ESBO was found at 34.7-82.8 mg/g in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wrapping films and at 5.47-399 mg/g in cap sealings. ELO was detected at 8.6-11.4 mg/g in polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) wrapping films, and at 46.4 mg/g in a PVC wrapping film.

Excipients↗
PubMed2004

Long-term durability of root-end sealing with 4-MEtA/MMA-TBB resin.

The purpose of this study was to compare root-end sealing using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin with that using conventional retrograde root filling technique, and thereby determine if 4-META/MMA-TBB resin offers long-term prevention against dye leakage from the root canal of human teeth. Thirty-five teeth had the apical 2.5 mm of the root resected. In the Sealing (SB) group, 4-META/MMA-TBB resin was applied to the resected surface. In the Filling (Am and EBA) groups, a root-end cavity was prepared and retrofilled with high copper amalgam alloy or reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement. Root canals were filled with methylene blue dye solution. Then, dye leakage outside the root canal was measured for 50 weeks. The integrated amount of leakage in SB group was significantly lower than those in Am group (p < 0.05) and EBA group (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that root-end sealing using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin resulted in better, long-term sealing than conventional retrograde root filling.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2005

[Safety and efficacy of a new vessel-sealing device for laparoscopic varicocelectomy].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new vessel-sealing device (LigaSure) for laparoscopic varicocelectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the safty, after elective varicocelectomy, the internal spermatic veins (n = 8) were sealed ex vivo with a 5-mm laparoscopic Maryland-style LigaSure (LigaSure Lap), and bursting pressures were measured. To evaluate the efficacy, a retrospective review of our clinical experience with LigaSure (n = 13) and clip (n = 13) in laparoscopic bilatelal varicocelectomy from June 2000 to October 2002 was performed and certain parameters were abstracted, including operative time, estimated blood loss and perioperative complications. RESULT: In the ex vivo study the mean varicocele vessele diameter was 2.5 +/- 0.8 mm (mean +/- SD) and bursting pressure was 449 +/- 95.2 mmHg. Six were burst in normal vessel walls at the average bursting pressure of 442 mmHg and two in the occlusions at the average bursting pressure of 508 mmHg. The difference was not statistically significant. Reliable vessel sealing was achieved in all the patients. The mean operative time showed significant decrease in the LigaSure group compared with the clip group, 70 +/- 20 minutes versus 117 +/- 27 minutes (p < 0.05). Estimated blood loss was minimal and no perioperative complications occurred in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that a vessel-sealing device appears to be a safe and feasible alternative to the clip in laparoscopic varicocelectomy. It offers the advantage of reducing operative time.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of sealing ability of three different root canal sealers--an in vitro study.

The main objective of endodontic therapy is complete obturation of the root canal system after it has been adequately prepared and sterilised. A wide variety of root canal sealers are available for obturation of the root canal system. A number of different invitro methods have been used to evaluate the sealing ability of endodontic filling materials. By combining one or two tests it may be possible to obtain information about sealing ability of the test material. Therefore, the present invitro study compared the sealing ability of three different root canal sealers, namely Sealapex, AH-26 and ZnOE by two different methods, bacterial leakage and dye penetration. The results showed that AH-26 has the maximum sealing ability followed by Sealapex and ZnOE.

Bismuth↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of three surface sealants on marginal sealing of Class V composite resin restorations.

This study evaluated in vitro the effectiveness of three different surface sealants (Fortify, Protect-it! and Optiguard) on the marginal sealing of Class V light-activated composite resin restorations (Prodigy). For this purpose, 20 sound noncarious human premolars extracted within a six-month period were selected. Class V cavities with the occlusal margin in enamel and cervical margin in cementum were prepared in both buccal and lingual surfaces. The teeth, randomly assigned in four groups with 10 cavities in each group, were restored with composite resin after applying an adhesive system (Optibond FL). After the finishing and polishing procedures, the restorations were covered with a specific surface sealant, except for the control samples, which were not sealed. After placing restorations, the specimens were thermocycled and immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution (tracer agent) for eight hours, sectioned longitudinally and analyzed for leakage using an optical microscope in a blind study with three examiners. The marginal microleakage was evaluated at the occlusal and cervical interfaces and compared among the four groups using the Kruskall-Wallis and the Wilcoxon Tests. There was better sealing at the occlusal margin, and in this region, there were no statistically significant differences among the materials (p > 0.05). In the cervical region, Fortify and Protect-it! showed improved results over the Control Group, and Optiguard showed similar results to the Control Group (without sealing).

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

Ability of adhesive systems to seal dentin surfaces: an in vitro study.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of three adhesive systems to seal dentin by measuring the permeability of dentin before and after bonding procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six flat dentin surfaces were prepared from human extracted teeth and connected to a fluid-filled system for permeability measurements. The hydraulic conductance of the flat occlusal surface of dentin was measured by the filtration technique, before and after application of ScotchBond MP Plus, Prime & Bond 2.0, and All-Bond 2. Bonding procedures were followed by P-50 resin composite application. The specimens were then perfused with silver nitrate to permit morphologic localization of microleakage pathways using SEM. RESULTS: The results showed that the best dentin seal was produced by All-Bond 2, followed by Prime & Bond 2.0, and ScotchBond MP Plus. However, none of the three bonding systems tested was able to totally prevent the passage of fluid across the dentin in every specimen. When observed with SEM, each adhesive system exhibited different patterns of leakage. CONCLUSION: The inability of all three materials to create a perfect seal in vitro raises concerns about the ability of these adhesive systems to provide completely sealed restorations in vivo. However, because the current study applied pressure 3 to 6 times higher than physiologically normal, it is likely that the leakage represents a worst-case scenario.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2001

The relationship of lip strength and lip sealing in MFT.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lip sealing and lip power, and the effect of button pull exercise on lip posture and lip power. 91 patients who had barely acquired lip sealing had received button pull exercise. They were evaluated for lip power and lip seal before and after oral myofunctional treatment. In spite of contrary postures of lip between the Button Pull Group and the Non-Button Pull Group no significant difference for lip strength was found at the first examination. The lip strength of the Button Pull Group had increased twice as much after a half-year and decreased thereafter. 25% of the Button Pull Group acquired complete lip sealing after the treatment, 41% did incompletely and 31% did not change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sealing ability of new generation adhesive-restorative materials placed on vital teeth.

The sealing ability of restorations is an important factor in order to prevent or reduce marginal gaps, which are often associated with postoperative sensitivity, caries and pulp disease. Usually the sealing ability of a new material is tested under laboratory conditions before being introduced on the market. However, in vitro evaluation of marginal integrity cannot predict in vivo performances of enamel-dentin bonding systems. A critical review of available data on sealing ability of last generation of adhesive-restorative materials placed on vital teeth is presented. The review includes the data of sealing performances of direct and indirect restorations, ethical considerations, influence of dental substrates on bonding, correlation between in vivo leakage studies and bond strength tests and microscopic evaluations. An in vivo protocol is presented in order to standardize leakage studies performed on vital teeth. A larger number of in vivo leakage tests are desirable in order to compare properties of new materials in multicenter studies. The ideal sequence of evaluation for new enamel-dentin bonding systems should be: in vitro tests, short term in vivo evaluations and then clinical trials.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative evaluation of sealing ability of rootcanal sealers.

The importance of apical seal has always been stressed in endodontic therapy. Root canal sealers have been used along with gutta percha to enhance the seal. The apical sealing ability of AH26/silverfree, a modified version of AH26, a resin based sealer was compared with tubliseal, a zincoxide eugenol based sealer using methylene blue dye penetration method. AH26/silverfree showed superior sealing ability.

Bismuth↗
PubMed2002

[Application of lateral attic wall reconstruction and sealing of attic cell in tympanoplasty].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of lateral attic wall reconstruction and sealing of attic cell in prevention of recurrence of cholesteatoma and limitation of ossicular chain after tympanoplasty. METHODS: 150 cases of chronic tympanitis and mastoiditis were studied. Forty patients with intact ossicular chain after opening mastoidectomy underwent lateral attic wall reconstruction with autologous cartilage of auricular concha (n = 15) or "bone cement plate" made of autologous bone cortex powder adhered by glue of fibrinogen and thrombin (n = 25). Eighty-nine of the 110 cases with damaged ossicular chain underwent reconstruction of ossicular chain and sealing of tympanic cavity with bone powder and glue of fibrinogen and thrombin and fascia of temporal muscle was used to restore the tympanic membrane in 21 of them. Follow-up was conducted for 3 to 5 years to observe the recovery of tympanic membrane, hearing, and whether cholesteatoma recurred. RESULTS: No recurrent cholesteatoma and serious retracted tympanic membrane were found. Eardrum re-perforated in 8 cases (5.33%). The patients with lateral attic wall reconstruction obtained a significant hearing improvement (97.5%). Hearing was improved among 80.8% of the cases that underwent sealing of attic cell and ossiculoplasty. CONCLUSION: Lateral attic wall reconstruction and sealing of attic cell prevent the recurrence of cholesteatoma. Reconstruction of lateral attic wall provides a new space for vibration of ossicular chain.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1992

[The marginal sealing of composite inlays with different cavity liners].

In this in-vitro study we investigated the sealing properties of composite inlays (EOS system) dependent on 8 different base materials. Using a dye-penetration test, the sealing was determined after mechanical and thermal cycling. A partially massive dye-penetration was detected in most cases when one of the following materials was used: a calciumsalicylate cement (Dycal), a combination of calciumsalicylate cement and a resin (Basic), a calcium hydroxide filled resin (Prisma VLC-Dycal), or a zinc phosphate cement (Harvard Cement). In contrast to this, we discovered a complete or almost complete sealing in most cases after application of chemically-cured glass ionomer cements (Ketac-Bond, Ketac-Bond Aplicap, Base-Line) or a light-cured glass ionomer cement (XR-Ionomer) as base materials. From these results it can be concluded that the choice of base materials has an influence on the marginal sealing of composite inlays after thermal and mechanical cycling. However, it is not possible to make a definitive statement on the suitability of these base materials under clinical conditions, because the results of dye-penetration tests have only limited clinical validity.

Color↗